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Principles I A > Final - Regional Neuroanatomy Part 3 > Flashcards

Final - Regional Neuroanatomy Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Name all twelve cranial nerves in order and name what category they fall in.

A
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2
Q

What are the 5 primarily motor cranial nerves?

A
  • III: Oculomotor
  • IV: Trochlear
  • VI: Abducens
  • XI: Accessory
  • XII: Hypoglossal

3,4,6,11,12

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3
Q

What primarily motor cranial nerve provides innervation to the superior oblique of the eye?
A. trochlear
B. oculomotor
C. abducent
D. optic

A

A. Trochlear (CN IV)

moves eyeball up and down

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4
Q

There are 6 muscles that control the eyeballs. How many of those muscles does the CN III (oculomotor) control?
What about CN IV (trochlear)?
CN VI (abducens)?

A

CN III (oculomotor) - 4 muscles
CN IV (Trochlear) - superior oblique; up and down eyeball movement
CN VI (abducent) - lateral rectus; side to side eyeball movement

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5
Q

What cranial nerve provides innervation to the lateral rectus of the eyeball?
A. oculomotor (III)
B. trochlear (IV)
C. abducens (VI)
D. optic (II)

A

C. Abducens (CN VI)
moves Eyeball side to side

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6
Q

What muscles does CN XI (accessory nerve) provide motor innervation for? select 2.
A. deltoid
B. rhomboid
C. sternocleidomastoid
D. pectoris major
E. trapezius

A

C. Sternocleidomastoid
E. Trapezius

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7
Q

What part of the mouth does CN XII (hypoglossal nerve) provide motor innervation? select 2
A. posterior 2/3 of tongue
B. floor of mouth
C. anterior 2/3 of tongue
D. roof of mouth
E. tongue

A

B. Floor of mouth
E. Tongue

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8
Q

What are the 3 pure sensory cranial nerves (specialized signal transduction)?

A
  • I: Olfactory
  • II: Optic
  • VIII: Vestibulocochlear

1,2,8

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9
Q

The optic nerve (CN II) connects to the back of our eyes where the retinas are. Visual information is sensed and crossover occurs at the:
A. occipital lobe
B. visual cortex
C. optic chiasm
D. oculomotor nerve

A

C. optic chiasm

things seen on left, usually get processed on right side of brain & vice versa (at occipital lobe)

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10
Q

What has second-order sensory neurons that descend through the cribriform plate and into the nasal cavity?
A. optic nerve
B. oflactory bulb
C. oculomotor nerve
D. trochlear bulb

A

B. Olfactory Bulb

i just rmbr him saying first semester this is where coke is sensed lol

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11
Q

where is the olfactory nerve processed?
A. temporal lobe
B. auditory cortex
C. frontal cortex
D. visual cortex

A

C. frontal cortex

this is also where memories are stored so that’s why you can associate smells with memories.. :)

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12
Q

What is another term for the occipital lobe?

A
  • Visual Cortex
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13
Q

What is the name for the set of 3 loops in different planes which is innervated by the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)?
A. cochlea
B. vestibular organ
C. tympanic membrane
D. external auditory meatus

A

B. vestibular organ

helps us with coordination and response to change in environment

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14
Q

The 3 bones that make up the cochlea and are connected to the tympanic membrane (eardrum) are:
A. malleus
B. temporal bone
C. inferior nasal concha
D. incus
E. stapes
F. maxilla

A

A. Malleus
D. Incus
E. Stapes

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15
Q

Vibrations travel through the tympanic membrane and cause the 3 tiny bones to rattle. This movement is then sensed by the __ and turned into information about what we hear.
A. malleus
B. outer ear
C. cochlea
D. styloid process

A

C. Cochlea
and processed by temporal lobe aka auditory cortex…

that’s why our 3 middle ear bones and tympanic membrane are in temporal bone

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16
Q

What are the 4 mixed (sensory and motor) cranial nerves?

A
  • V: Trigeminal
  • VII: Facial
  • IX: Glossopharyngeal
  • X: Vagus

5,7,9,10

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17
Q

What are the sensory and motor function of the cranial nerve V (trigeminal)? Select 2.
A. sensory for front of head
B. facial expressions
C. sensory for back of head
D. chewing
E. raising eyebrows

A

A. Sensory for front of the head
D. Chewing (motor)

18
Q

What are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

A
  • V1: Ophthalmic
  • V2: Maxillary
  • V3: Mandibular
19
Q

What are the primary sensory nerves of V1 ophthalmic division? Select 2.
A. superorbital nerve
B. supraorbital nerve
C. supratrochlear nerve
D. optic nerve
E. greater occipital nerve

A

B. Supraorbital Nerve (branched to the forehead and top of skull)
C. Supratrochlear Nerve (branched to the top of nose)

20
Q

What are the primary sensory nerves of V2 maxillary division? select 2.
A. transverse cervical nerve
B. palatine nerves
C. infraorbital nerve
D. greater auricular nerve

A

B. Palatine Nerve (roof of the mouth)
C. Infraorbital Nerve (front of face/nose) - uses infraorbital foramina to go from inside to outside of nose

21
Q

What are the three primary sensory nerves of V3 mandibular division? select 3.
A. inferior alveolar nerve
B. superior alveolar nerve
C. mental nerve
D. palatine nerve
E. lingual nerve

A

A. Inferior Alveolar Nerve (Jaw) - runs along inside of jaw until it goes thru the mental foramena… then its called mental nerve
C. Mental Nerve (Chin) - comes out of mental foramena
E. Lingual Nerve (sensory for Anterior 2/3 of tongue)

22
Q

The V3 division of trigeminal nerve innervates which two muscles that allow us to chew?
A. stylohyoid
B. sternocleidomastoid
C. masseter
D. temporalis

A

C. Masseter muscle
D. Temporalis Muscle

23
Q

What cranial nerve provides motor innervation to most of the muscles in our face allowing us to make facial expressions?
A. III
B. IV
C. VII
D. VIII

A

C. VII (facial!)

also has alot of connections with the glands in our face (submandibular, sublingual, lacrimal)

24
Q

What is the glandular connection(s) of the facial nerve?
A. submandibular
B. sublingual gland
C. lacrimal gland
D. all of the above

A

D. all of the above

25
Q

What cranial nerve provides posterior 1/3 sensation on the tongue?
A. lingual nerve
B. hypoglossal nerve
C. glossopharyngeal nerve
D. mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

A

C. Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)

Also sensory to OROPHARYNX SOFT PALATE

26
Q

What cranial nerve is involved in transmitting signals from our chemoreceptors (carotid body) and baroreceptors (carotid sinus)?
A. IV
B. XI
C. IX
D. VII

A

C. Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)

27
Q

What gland is innervated by the Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)?
A. submandibular gland
B. lacrimal gland
C. parotid gland
D. sublingual gland

A

C. Parotid Gland
Only gland in the face connected to CN IX! All other glands are connected to the CN VII (Facial Nerve)

PROBABLY TEST QUESTION CAUSE HE SAID THIS IS UNIQUE

28
Q

Which cranial nerve provides pain/pressure information from inner/middle ear and auditory canal?
A. hypoglossal
B. trigeminal
C. glossopharyngeal
D. facial

A

C. Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX) - specifically tympanic nerve branch

triggered during an ear infection or ear pain

29
Q

Motor Efferent pathways from CN X (Vagus) include: select 2.
A. lingual muscles
B. pharyngeal constrictors
C. laryngeal muscles
D. epiglottis
E. trachea

A

B. Pharyngeal constrictors
C. Laryngeal muscles (speaking)

30
Q

what are some of the PSNS motor innervations of CN X? select 2.
A. heart to increase HR
B. GI to increase motility
C. lungs/airways to constrict
D. kidneys to increase uop

A

B. PSNS to GI (motility; digest)
C. PSNS to lungs/airways (constriction)

oh and PSNS to heart (↓HR; rest)

31
Q

What are some of the Sensory innervations of the CN X (Vagus)? Select 3.
A. oropharynx
B. laryngopharynx
C. nasopharynx
D. larynx and epiglotts
E. trachea
F. tongue

A

B. Laryngopharynx
D. Larynx and Epiglottis
E.Trachea

32
Q

The vagus nerve (CN X) is responsible for sensory information from the aortic arch about our ___ and ___?
A. heart rate
B. blood pressure
C. respiratory rate
D. acid/base status

A

B. BP
D. acid/base

meanwhile the glossopharyngeal senses at carotid bodies at bifurcation of carotid arteries

33
Q

What is Branch #1 and Branch #2?

A
  • 1: Pharyngeal constrictor branch of vagus nerve
  • 2: Superior Laryngeal nerve
34
Q

The Superior Laryngeal branch divides into internal and external branches. What does each branch take care of? select 2.
A. motor fxn of cricothyroid muscle
B. sensory for inside top of larynx
C. motor fxn of pharyngeal constrictor
D. sensory for outside top of larynx

A

A. External Laryngeal Branch - motor fxn of cricothyroid muscle
B. Internal Larygneal Branch - sensory for inside top of larynx

35
Q

The right recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around what structure?

The left recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around what structure?

A

Right RLN: Right subclavian artery
Left RLN: aortic arch

36
Q

After the recurrence, the recurrent laryngeal nerves are referred to as:
A. pharyngeal nerves
B. inferior laryngeal nerves
C. descending vagal nerves
D. superior laryngeal nerves

A

B. inferior laryngeal nerves - provide motor innervation to larynx for speaking!!

and SENSORY INNERVATION to trachea and mainstem bronchi as well

37
Q

What is the most exterior fibrous covering/sheath of a nerve called?
A. fascicle
B. perineurium
C. endoneurium
D. epineurium

A

D. outer Epineurium

blood vessels lay on top of this to provide blood supply to nerve

38
Q

What is an inner/interior epineurium?

A
  • Chunks of Epineurium connective tissue that wraps around interior nerve fascicles.
  • The interior epineurium takes up space and provides nutrient support for the nerve fascicles (green bundles)
39
Q

T/F: A fascicle is a bundle of axons headed in the same direction.

A

True

40
Q

The connective tissue that creates an outer coating of a nerve fascicle is called:
A. endoneurium
B. perineurium
C. inner epinerium
D. outer epineurium

A

B. Perineurium

41
Q

The tissue inside the boundaries of the perineurium is called:
A. endoneurium
B. perineurium
C. inner epinerium
D. outer epineurium

A

A. Endoneurium

42
Q

What is important about the outer fibrous coating that is outside of the epineurium and wraps around the nerve, artery, and vein all together?

A

allows us to inject LA in one area and cover lots of real estate with one block as opposed to having to do multiple blocks!

43
Q

Where are the areas we will use ultrasound to scan for brachial plexus blocks? select 2.
A. supraclavicular fossa
B. clavipectoral triangle
C. infraclavicular fossa
D. axillary region

A

Principles I A (30 decks)

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