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Principles I A > Final- Regional Neuroanatomy Part 1 > Flashcards

Final- Regional Neuroanatomy Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A positional word that means near the front end of the body, especially in the region of the nose and mouth
A. caudal
B. rostral
C. caudad
D. cephalad

A

B. Rostral

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2
Q

A positional word that means at or near the tail or the posterior part of the body
A. cephalad
B. rostral
C. caudad
D. distal

A

C. Caudal/Caudad

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3
Q

A word used to refer to something superior and anterior of the body:
A. caudad
B. proximal
C. caudal
D. cephalad

A

D. cephalad

similar to rostral

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4
Q

Describe the anatomical position: select 3.
A. palms out to the posterior plane
B. standing straight up
C. palms out to the anterior plane
D. supine
E. thumbs extend laterally
F. thumbs folded distally

A

B. Standing up straight and face forward!
C. Palms out on the anterior plane
E. Thumbs extend laterally

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5
Q

A word that describes something sensory in the periphery; something that might feel pain.
A. efferent
B. rami
C. cutaneous
D. distal

A

C. Cutaneous

The other conduction in the peripheral system will be motor.

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6
Q

What describes bundles of neurons and axons outside the CNS vs inside the CNS?
A. rami; roots
B. nerves; tracts
C. tracts; nerves
D. rootlets; roots

A

B. outside CNS = Nerves
inside CNS = tracts

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7
Q

T/F: Ganglia is a collection of cell bodies within CNS.

A

False - gangia are Bundles of cell bodies within the peripheral nervous system

nuclei = bundles of cell bodies within the Central NS

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8
Q

___ come out of cord and come together to make a root.
A. ganglia
B. nerves
C. rootlets
D. rami

A

C. Rootlets

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9
Q

Where is the spinal ganglion located?
A. within the posterior root
B. within the anterior root
C. within the grey matter
D. within the trunks

A

A. Within the posterior root

spinal ganglia are technically considered part of CNS even tho “ganglia” is in the name

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10
Q

The junction of the posterior root and anterior root is called the ____.
A. spinal ganglion
B. spinal ramus
C. spinal roots
D. spinal nerve

A

D. spinal nerve - This is the start of the Peripheral Nervous System

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11
Q

The anterior of the spinal cord will be connected to the ____ system.
A. afferent
B. sensory
C. motor

A

C. Motor (Efferent)

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12
Q

The posterior of the spinal cord will be connected to the ____ system.
A. efferent
B. sensory
C. motor

A

B. Sensory (Afferent)

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13
Q

The first projection off of the spinal nerve is called:
A. anterior ramus
B. posterior ramus
C. posterior root
D. anterior root

A

B. Posterior Ramus - primarily serves as a sensory component

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14
Q

The part of the spinal nerve that projects anterior and lateral (and is larger than the other) is called:
A. anterior ramus
B. posterior ramus
C. anterior root
D. posterior root

A

A. Anterior Ramus - serves as a motor output, sensory input, and branch of the autonomic nervous system.

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15
Q

How does the Anterior Ramus connect to the sympathetic chain ganglion? select 2.
A. white ramus communicans
B. white matter
C. gray ramus communicans
D. gray matter

A

A. White Ramus Communicans (distal)
C. Gray Ramus Communicans (proximal)

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16
Q

What is important to note about the sacral spinal nerve projections?

A. anterior rami go out the anterior sacral foramen, while posterior rami protrude out the posterior sacral foramen
B. anterior rami go out the posterior sacral foramen while posterior rami protrude out the anterior sacral foramen
C. anterior rami are smaller than posterior rami in this area
D. posterior rami are larger

A

A. anterior rami go out the anterior sacral foramen while posterior rami protrude out the posterior sacral foramen

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17
Q

Explain why the left sympathetic chain is more posterior and lateral on the spinal column than the right.

A

Aorta sits on the left side of vertebral body which pushes left sympathetic chain ganglia more posteriorly and laterally during development.

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18
Q

What are the 2 branches of the posterior ramus?

A
  • Medial branch of the Posterior Rami
  • Lateral branch of the Posterior Rami

don’t extend as far out as the anterior ramus

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19
Q

The anterior ramus wraps all the way around body to the sternum. What are the 2 branches of the anterior ramus?

A
  • Anterior Cutaneous Branch - at the front midline of chest
  • Lateral Cutaneous Branch - at the sides and extends both anteriorly & posteriorly to parts that the posterior ramus doesn’t reach
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20
Q

What is another name for the anterior ramus?

A

Intercostal nerve

usually sits inferior its corresponding rib

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21
Q

The nerves that come out below the last ribs/lower than the ribcage are called:
A. posterior rami
B. subcostal nerves
C. intercostal nerves
D. anterior cutaneous branches

A

B. subcostal nerves

6 pairs of subcostal nerves

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22
Q

Spinal nerve C8 exits from ___ (above/below) vertebrae C7.

A

Below

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23
Q

Spinal nerve C1 through C7 exit from _______ (above/below) its corresponding cervical vertebrae.

A

Above

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24
Q

The thoracic spinal nerves T1 to T12 exit from ___ (above/below) the corresponding thoracic vertebrae.

A

Below

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25
Q

The spinal nerves L1 to L5 exit from ___ (above/below) the corresponding lumbar vertebrae.

A
  • Below
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26
Q

How many spinal nerve pairs:
- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumbar
- Sacral
- Coccygeal

A
  • 8 pairs of Cervical Spinal Nerves
  • 12 pairs of Thoracic Spinal Nerves
  • 5 pairs of Lumbar Spinal Nerves
  • 5 pairs of Sacral Spinal Nerves
  • 1 pair of Coccygeal Spinal Nerves
  • 31 pairs total
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27
Q

Label 1

A
  • Posterior Rootlets
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28
Q

Label 2

A
  • Posterior Root (with spinal ganglion)
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29
Q

Label 3

A
  • Spinal Nerve
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30
Q

Label 4

A
  • Posterior Ramus
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31
Q

Label 5

A
  • Anterior Ramus
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32
Q

Label 6

A
  • Gray Ramus Communicans
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33
Q

Label 7

A
  • White Ramus Communicans
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34
Q

Label 8

A
  • Sympathetic ganglion
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35
Q

Label 10

A
  • Anterior Root
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36
Q

Label 11

A
  • Anterior Rootlets
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37
Q

Label 1

A

Anterior cutaneous branch of anterior rami

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38
Q

Label 2

A

Lateral Cutaneous Branch of anterior rami

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39
Q

Label 3

A

Anterior Ramus

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40
Q

Label 5

A

Medial Branch of posterior ramus

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41
Q

Label 6

A

Lateral Branch of posterior ramus

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42
Q

Label 7

A

Posterior Ramus

first projection off spinal nerve

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43
Q

Label 1

A

Posterior Ramus

first projection of spinal nerve

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44
Q

Label 2

A
  • Anterior Ramus (Intercostal Nerve)
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45
Q

Label 3

A

Lateral Cutaneous Branch of anterior ramus

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46
Q

Label 4

A

Anterior Cutaneous Branch of anterior ramus

47
Q

Label 1

A

Medial branch of posterior rami

48
Q

Label 2

A

Lateral cutaneous branch of posterior rami

49
Q

Label 3

A

Superior clunial nerve (posterior rami L1-L3)

50
Q

Label 4

A

Middle clunial nerve (posterior rami S1-S3)

51
Q

Label 5

A

Supraclavicular nerve (C3-C4)

52
Q

Label 6

A

Axillary nerve (C5 - C6)

53
Q

Label 7

A

lateral cutaneous branch of intercostal nerves (anterior rami)

54
Q

Label 8

A

Iliohypogastric nerve (L1)

55
Q

What is the dermatome landmark of T4?

A

Nipple Line

56
Q

What is the dermatome landmark of T6?

A

Xiphoid Process

57
Q

What is the dermatome landmark of T10?

A

Umbilicus

58
Q

The anterior roots of C3, C4, and C5 combine and form the ___ nerve.

A

Phrenic Nerve

59
Q

Spinal Nerves C3 - C7 will exit the spine ___ (above or below) the vertebrae C3-C7.

A

Above

and then C8 will just come out below C7.

60
Q

The Greater Occipital Nerve originates from spinal nerve ___.

A

Spinal Nerve C2 (posterior ramus)

61
Q

The 3rd Occipital Nerve originates from spinal nerve ___.

A

Spinal Nerve C3 (posterior ramus)

62
Q

What nerve will provide sensory innervation to the top of the shoulder?
A. infraclavicular
B. supraclavicular
C. transverse cervical
D. lateral branch of supraclavicular

A

Supraclavicular Nerve (C3-C4)

anterior ramus of C3-C4

63
Q

The Suboccipital Nerve originates from spinal nerve ___.

A

Spinal Nerve C1 (posterior ramus)

64
Q

Where does the suboccipital nerve provide sensory innervation to?

A
  • It doesn’t. It is PURELY MOTOR.
  • This nerve (C1) is not part of the cutaneous innervation = No dermatome for C1
65
Q

Label 1

A

Lesser occipital nerve (C2)

66
Q

Label 2

A

Suboccipital nerve (C1)

67
Q

Label 3

A

Great auricular nerve (C2-C3)

68
Q

Label 4

A

Greater occipital nerve (C2)

69
Q

Label 5

A

3rd Occipital Nerve (C3)

70
Q

Label 6

A

Supraclavicular Nerve (C3-C4)

71
Q

The trapezius muscle is used as an accessory muscle for ventilation. It receives motor innervation from what nerve?
A. CN IX
B. CN XII
C. CN XI
D. CN X

A

C. Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

72
Q

What are the accessory muscles of exhalation? Select 2.
A. sternocleidomastoid
B. abdominal muscles
C. trapezius
D. latissimus dorsi
E. external and internal obliques

A

B. Abdominal Muscles
E. External Obliques & Internal Obliques

73
Q

Label 1

A

Supraclavicular Nerve (C3-C4)

74
Q

Label 2

A

Anterior cutaneous branches of anterior rami

75
Q

Label 3

A
  • Lateral cutaneous branch of anterior ramus
76
Q

Label 4

A

Intercostal nerves / anterior rami

77
Q

Label 5

A

Iliohypogastric Nerve

78
Q

Posterior Ramus C1
Nerve:
Sensory Function:
Motor Function:

A

Posterior Ramus C1
Nerve: Suboccipital Nerve
Sensory Function: No C1 dermatome
Motor Function: Innervates Intrinsic Nuchal Muscles

79
Q

Posterior Ramus C2
Nerve:
Sensory Function:
Motor Function:

A

Posterior Ramus C2
Nerve: Greater occipital nerve
Sensory Function: “V” on back of head
Motor Function: Innervates Intrinsic Nuchal Muscles

ignore the red square (that’s 3rd occipital)

80
Q

Posterior Ramus C3
Nerve:
Sensory Function:
Motor Function:

A

Posterior Ramus C3
Nerve: 3rd occipital nerve
Sensory Function: bottom of the “V” that greater occipital nerve innervates… see red square
Motor Function: Innervates Intrinsic Nuchal Muscles

81
Q

What are the four nerves of the cervical plexus?

A
  • Lesser occipital nerve (C2)
  • Great auricular nerve (C2-C3)
  • Transverse cervical nerve (C2-C3)
  • Supraclavicular nerve (C3-C4)

plexus is a collection of nerves.

arise from the anterior rami of spinal nerve C2, C3, or C4.

82
Q

Where does the transverse cervical nerve provide sensory innervation?
A. below the ear
B. back of head and makes a “V” dermatome
C. back of neck
D. anterior medial part of the neck

A

D. Anterior medial part of the neck

83
Q

What is the origin of the transverse cervical nerve?

A

Spinal Nerves C2-C3

84
Q

What is the origin of the great auricular nerve?

A

Spinal Nerves C2-C3

85
Q

What is the origin of the lesser occipital nerve?

A

Spinal Nerve C2

86
Q

Where does the lesser occipital nerve provide sensory information?
A. occipital protuberance
B. lateral neck to right above the earlobe
C. back of neck
D. back of head, makes a “V” shaped dermatome

A

B. lateral neck to right above the earlobe

87
Q

Label the nerves of the cervical plexus 1-4.

A

1: Lesser occipital nerve (C2)
2: Great auricular nerve (C2-C3)
3: Transverse cervical nerve (C2-C3)
4: Supraclavicular nerve (C3-C4)

88
Q

What neck muscle does the phrenic nerve sit on?
A. middle scalene
B. interscalene
C. anterior scalene
D. sternocleidomastoid

A

C. Anterior Scalene Muscle

89
Q

Where are the two proximal connection points of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

Connection points on the sternum (sterno-) and on the clavicle (cleido-)

90
Q

What are the spinal nerves that contribute to the brachial plexus? and are they anterior or posterior rami?

A
  • anterior rami of Spinal Nerves C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1
91
Q

What is the potential space between the anterior and middle scalene muscle called?

Why is this potential space important?

A
  • Interscalene space
  • This space can be utilized to perform a scalene brachial plexus block (like for shoulder surgeries)
92
Q

List the trunks of the brachial plexus.

A
  • Upper: Rami C5 and C6
  • Middle: Rami C7
  • Lower: Rami C8 and T1
93
Q

how many divisions does the brachial plexus have? and what are they?

A
  • 6 Divisions - each trunk forms one anterior and one posterior division.
  • 3 Posterior Divisions form the Posterior Cord
  • 2 Anterior Divisions from C5 - C7 form the Lateral Cord
  • 1 Anterior Division from C8 - T1 form Medial Cord
94
Q

What components are in the supraclavicular regions of the brachial plexus?

A
  • Anterior Rami (C5-T1)
  • The Trunks (Upper, Middle, Lower)
  • The Divisions (3 anterior and 3 posterior divisions)
95
Q

What components are in the infraclavicular regions of the brachial plexus?
A. divisions
B. trunks
C. rami
D. cords

A

D. cords - Lateral Cord, Posterior Cord and Medial Cord

96
Q

The posterior cord splits to give us what two nerves? select 2.
A. axillary
B. median
C. ulnar
D. radial

A

A. Axillary nerve
D. Radial nerve

97
Q

The lateral cord splits to give us what two nerves? select 2.
A. a portion leading up to median nerve
B. musculocutaneous
C. ulnar
D. radial

A

A. Lateral Root of the Median nerve
B. Musculocutaneous nerve

98
Q

The lateral root from lateral cord will combine with the median root from medial cord to form what nerve?
A. ulnar
B. radial
C. median
D. musculocutaneous

A

C. Median Nerve

99
Q

The medial cord splits to give us what two nerves?
A. musculocutaneous
B. ulnar
C. radial
D. portion of the median nerve

A

B. Ulnar Nerve
D. Median Root (a portion of the median nerve)

100
Q

What two nerves does the median nerve sit between?

A
  • Ulnar Nerve
  • Radial Nerve
101
Q

What are the spinal nerve origins of axillary nerve?

A

C5 - C6

102
Q

Spinal nerve origins of radial nerve?

A
  • C5
  • C6
  • C7
  • C8
  • T1

LARGEST NERVE OF BRACHIAL PLEXUS

103
Q

spinal nerve origins of the ulnar nerve?

A
  • C7
  • C8
  • T1

3rd largest nerve of brachial plexus

104
Q

spinal nerve origins of median nerve?

A
  • C6
  • C7
  • C8
  • T1

2nd largest nerve of brachial plexus

105
Q

spinal nerve origins of musculocutaneous nerve?

A
  • C5
  • C6
  • C7
106
Q

What sensory branch is innervated by the axillary nerve?
A. inferior medial brachial cutaneous
B. inferior lateral brachial cutaneous
C. superior lateral brachial cutaneous
D. superior medial brachial cutaneous

A

C. Superior lateral brachial cutaneous (lateral deltoid)

107
Q

The lateral superior thumb and lateral anterior biceps/triceps are provided sensory innervation by the ___ nerve.
A. ulnar
B. radial
C. median
D. musculocutaneous

A

B. radial nerve

108
Q

What are the posterior cutaneous regions innervated by the radial nerve?

A
  • Lateral Posterior Triceps
  • Middle Posterior Forearm
  • Posterior Thumb and First 2 Fingers
109
Q

What is the sensory branch innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve?
A. inferior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve
B. medial antebrachial cutaneous Nerve
C. lateral antebrachial cutaneous Nerve
D. posterior brachial cutaneous nerve

A

C. Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve (anterior lateral forearm)
* and a very small part of the posterior forearm

110
Q

The medial palmer surface of last 2 fingers and anterior medial wrist are innervated by anterior cutaneous branches of what nerve?
A. median
B. ulnar
C. radial
D. musculocutaneous

A

B. ulnar nerve

111
Q

The posterior cutaneous regions innervated by the ulnar nerve include: select 2.
A. lateral posterior wrist
B. medial posterior wrist
C. posterior fingertips of first two digits
D. most of the last 2 fingers

A

B. Medial Posterior Wrist
D. Most of the last 2 Fingers

112
Q

Posterior fingertips of first two digits are innervated by branch of the ___ nerve.
A. median
B. radial
C. ulnar
D. musculocutaneous

A

A. median

113
Q

The anterior cutaneous regions innervated by the median nerve includes: select 3.
A. anterior forearm
B. most of the palm
C. anterior lateral wrist
D. anterior thumb and anterior surface of first 2 fingers
E. small section of anterior wrist
F. anterior pinky

A

B. Most of the palm
D. Anterior thumb & Anterior surface of first two fingers
E. Small section of the anterior wrist

Principles I A (30 decks)

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