Final- Regional Neuroanatomy Part 3 Flashcards
Name all twelve cranial nerves in order and name what category they fall in.
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What are the motor cranial nerves?
- III: Oculomotor
- IV: Trochlear
- VI: Abducent
- XI: Accessory
- XII: Hypoglossal
What are the pure sensory cranial nerves (specialized signal transduction)?
- I: Olfactory
- II: Optic
- VIII: Vestibulocochlear
What cranial nerve provides innervation to the superior oblique muscle of the eye?
- Cranial Nerve IV (Trochlear)
- Eyeball up and down
How many muscles control the eyeballs?
- 6 muscles
Which cranial nerve innervates 4 of the 6 muscles of the eyeball?
- Cranial Nerve III (Oculomotor)
What cranial nerve provides innervation to the lateral rectus of the eyeball?
- Cranial Nerve VI (Abducent)
- Eyeball side to side
Where does cranial nerve XI (accessory nerve) provide motor innervation?
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Trapezius
Where does cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal nerve) provide motor innervation?
- Tongue
- Floor of mouth
What has second-order sensory neurons that descend through the cribriform plate and into the nasal cavity?
- Olfactory Bulb
What is another term for the occipital lobe?
- Visual Cortex
What are the 3 bones connected to the tympanic membrane?
- Malleus
- Incus
- Stapes
The movement and vibration through the tympanic membrane are measured through what structure?
- Cochlea
What are the mixed cranial nerves?
- V: Trigeminal
- VII: Facial
- IX: Glossopharyngeal
- X: Vagus
What are the sensory and motor function of the cranial nerve V (trigeminal nerve)?
- Sensory front of the head
- Chewing
What are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve?
- V1: Ophthalmic
- V2: Maxillary
- V3: Mandibular
What are the primary sensory nerves of V1 ophthalmic sensory division?
- Supraorbital Nerve (branched to the top skull)
- Supratrochlear Nerve (branched to the nose)
What are the primary sensory nerves of V2 maxillary sensory division?
- Infraorbital Nerve (front of face)
- Palatine Nerve (roof of the mouth)
What are the primary sensory nerves of V3 mandibular sensory division?
- Inferior Alveolar Nerve (Jaw)
- Mental Nerve (Chin)
- Lingual Nerve (Anterior sensory of 2/3 of tongue)
What are the two muscles involved in chewing?
- Masseter
- Temporalis Muscle
What cranial nerve provides posterior 1/3 sensation on the tongue?
- Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)
What cranial nerve provides the sensory component to the oropharynx of the soft palate?
- Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)
What cranial nerve is involved in transmitting signals from our chemoreceptors (carotid body) and baroreceptors (carotid sinus)?
- Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)
What gland is involved with Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)?
- Parotid Gland
- Only gland in the face connected to CN IX. All other glands are connected to the CN VII (Facial Nerve)
Which cranial nerve provides a sensory inner/middle ear connection and auditory canal?
- Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)
Efferent Review of the Cranial Nerve X (Vagus Nerve)
- Laryngeal muscles (speaking)
- Pharyngeal constrictors
- PSNS
- PSNS to heart (↓HR)
- PSNS to lungs/airways (constriction)
- PSNS to GI (motility)
Sensory Review of the Cranial Nerve X (Vagus Nerve)
- Laryngopharynx
- Larynx
- Epiglottis
- Trachea
- Aortic arch: BP & acid/base
What is Branch #1 and Branch #2?
- 1: Pharyngeal Nerve
- 2: Superior Laryngeal
The Superior Laryngeal branch divides into what divisions?
- Internal Larygneal Branch
- External Laryngeal Branch
What does the external laryngeal branch do?
- Provides motor function to the cricothyroid muscle
What does the internal laryngeal branch do?
- Provide sensory to the top of the larynx
The right recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around what structure?
- Right subclavian artery
The left recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around what structure?
- Aortic arch
What is the most exterior fibrous covering of a nerve called?
- Outer Epineurium
What is an inner or interior epineurium?
- Chunks of Epineurium connective tissue that wraps around interior nerve fascicles.
- The interior epineurium takes up space and provides nutrient support for the nerve fascicles
The connective tissue that creates a border between a nerve fascicle.
- Perineurium
The tissue inside the perineurium.
- Endoneurium
