Final- Regional Neuroanatomy Part 1 (Andy's Cards) Flashcards
1
Q
A positional word that means near the front end of the body, especially in the region of the nose and mouth.
A
- Rostral
2
Q
A positional word that means at or near the tail or the posterior part of the body.
A
- Caudal/Caudad
3
Q
Cephalad
A
- Word used to refer to something superior and anterior of the body.
4
Q
Describe the anatomical position.
A
- Face forward
- Standing up straight
- Palms out on the anterior plane
- Thumbs extend laterally
5
Q
A word that describes something sensory and peripheral. Something that might feel pain.
A
- Cutaneous
The other conduction in the peripheral system will be motor.
6
Q
A term that describes bundles of neurons and axons outside the CNS.
A
- Nerve
7
Q
A term that describes bundles of neurons and axons within the CNS.
A
- Tracts
8
Q
What is a ganglia?
A
- Bundles of cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system
9
Q
What is a nuclei?
A
- Bundle of cell bodies within the CNS.
10
Q
_______ come together to make a Root.
A
- Rootlets
11
Q
Where is the spinal ganglion located?
A
- Within the posterior root
12
Q
The junction of the posterior root and anterior root will be called the ________.
A
- Spinal Nerve
- This point will be the start of the Peripheral Nervous System
13
Q
The front of the spinal cord will be connected to the ______ system.
A
- Motor System (Efferent)
14
Q
The back of the spinal cord will be connected to the ______ system.
A
- Sensory System (Afferent)
15
Q
What is the first projection off of the spinal nerve?
Function?
A
- Posterior Ramus
- Posterior Ramus will primarily serve as a sensory component
16
Q
What will be the second projection of the spinal nerve?
Function?
A
- Anterior Ramus
- Anterior Ramus will serve as a motor output, sensory input, and branch of the autonomic nervous system.
17
Q
Of the two spinal nerve projections, which one is larger?
A
- Anterior Ramus
18
Q
How does the Anterior Ramus connect to the sympathetic chain (sympathetic ganglion)?
A
- Gray Ramus Communicans (proximal)
- White Ramus Communicans (distal)
19
Q
Explain why the left sympathetic chain is more posterior and lateral on the spinal column than the right.
A
- The aorta sits on the left side of the vertebral body and pushes the left sympathetic chain (left spinal ganglia) posteriorly and laterally during development.
20
Q
What are the branches of the posterior ramus?
A
- Medial branch of the Posterior Rami
- Lateral branch of the Posterior Rami
21
Q
What are the branches of the anterior ramus?
A
- Anterior Cutaneous Branch
- Lateral Cutaneous Branch
22
Q
What is another name for the anterior ramus?
A
- Intercostal nerve
The intercostal nerve usually sits inferior its corresponding rib.
23
Q
Spinal nerve C8 exits from _________ (above/below) vertebrae C7.
A
- Below
24
Q
Spinal nerve C1 through C7 exit from _______ (above/below) its corresponding cervical vertebrae.
A
- Above
25
The thoracic spinal nerves T1 to T12 exit from ______- (above/below) the corresponding thoracic vertebrae.
* Below
26
The spinal nerves L1 to L5 exit from ______- (above/below) the corresponding lumbar vertebrae.
* Below
27
Spinal Nerve Pairs:
- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumbar
- Sacral
- Coccygeal
* 8 pairs of Cervical Spinal Nerves
* 12 pairs of Thoracic Spinal Nerves
* 5 pairs of Lumbar Spinal Nerves
* 5 pairs of Sacral Spinal Nerves
* 1 pair of Coccygeal Spinal Nerves
* 31 pairs total
28
Where do the cervical spinal nerves provide sensory innervation to?
* Most of the head and upper extremities
29
Where do the thoracic spinal nerves provide sensory innervation to?
* Portion of the upper extremity
* Large portion of the torso
30
Where do the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves provide sensory innervation to?
* Lower extremity
31
Label 1
* Posterior Rootlets
32
Label 2
* Posterior Root (with spinal ganglion)
33
Label 3
* Spinal Nerve
34
Label 4
* Posterior Ramus
35
Label 5
* Anterior Ramus
36
Label 6
* Gray Ramus Communicans
37
Label 7
* White Ramus Communicans
38
Label 8
* Sympathetic ganglion
39
Label 9
* Meningeal branch
40
Label 10
* Anterior Root
41
Label 11
* Anterior Rootlets
42
Label 2
* Lateral Cutaneous Branch
43
Label 3
Anterior Ramus
44
Label 4
* Meningeal Branch
45
Label 5
* Medial Branch
46
Label 6
* Lateral Branch
47
Label 7
* Posterior Ramus
48
Label 1
* Posterior Ramus
49
Label 2
* Anterior Ramus (Intercostal Nerve)
50
Label 3
* Lateral Cutaneous Branch
51
Label 4
* Anterior Cutaneous Branch
52
Label 1
* Medial cutaneous branch
53
Label 2
* Lateral cutaneous branch
54
Label 3
* Superior clunial nerve
55
Label 4
* Middle clunial nerve
56
Label 5
* Supraclavicular nerve
57
Label 6
* Axillary nerve
58
Label 7
* Intercostal nerve (lateral cutaneous branch)
59
Label 8
* Iliohypogastric nerve
60
What dermatome landmark will be T4?
* Nipple Line
61
What dermatome landmark will be T6?
* Xiphoid Process
62
What dermatome landmark will be T10?
* Umbilicus
63
The anterior roots of C3, C4, and C5 combine and form the ______ nerve.
* Phrenic Nerve
64
Spinal Nerves C3, C4, C5 will run under what cervical vertebrae?
* Vertebrae C2, C3, and C4
65
The occipital nerves are named based on what factors?
* Size and Position
*For example, the Greater Occipital Nerve is very large, and it covers a large portion of the back of the head.*
66
The Greater Occipital Nerve originates from what spinal nerve?
* Spinal Nerve C2
67
The 3rd Occipital Nerve originates from what spinal nerve?
* Spinal Nerve C3
68
What nerve will provide sensory innervation to the top of the shoulder?
* Supraclavicular Nerve
69
The Suboccipital Nerve originates from what spinal nerve?
* Spinal Nerve C1
70
Where does the suboccipital nerve provide sensory innervation to?
* It doesn't. It is PURELY MOTOR.
* This nerve (C1) is not part of the cutaneous innervation.
71
Label 1
* Lesser occipital nerve
72
Label 2
* Suboccipital nerve (C1)
73
Label 3
* Great auricular nerve
74
Label 4
* Greater occipital nerve (C2)
75
Label 5
* 3rd Occipital Nerve
76
Label 6
* Supraclavicular Nerve
77
Label 7
* Posterior Ramus (C5)
78
Label 1
* 3rd occipital nerve
79
Label 2
* Greater occipital nerve
80
Label 3
* Lesser occipital nerve
81
Label 4
* Great auricular nerve
82
The trapezius muscle is used as an accessory for ventilation. It receives input from what nerve?
* Accessory Nerve
83
What are the accessory muscles of exhalation?
* Abdominal Muscles
* External Oblique
* Internal Oblique
84
Label 1
* Supraclavicular Nerve
85
Label 2
* Anterior cutaneous branch
86
Label 3
* Lateral cutaneous branch
87
Label 4
* Intercostal nerve
88
Label 5
* Iliohypogastric Nerve
89
The dorsal part of the spinal cord is routed through the __________.
* Posterior Ramus
90
Posterior Ramus C1
Nerve:
Sensory Function:
Motor Function:
Posterior Ramus C1
Nerve: Suboccipital Nerve
Sensory Function: No C1 dermatome
Motor Function: Innervates Intrinsic Nuchal Muscles
91
Posterior Ramus C2
Nerve:
Sensory Function:
Motor Function:
Posterior Ramus C2
Nerve: Greater occipital nerve
Sensory Function: Innervate C2 dermatome
Motor Function: Innervates Intrinsic Nuchal Muscles
92
Posterior Ramus C3
Nerve:
Sensory Function:
Motor Function:
Posterior Ramus C3
Nerve: 3rd occipital nerve
Sensory Function: Innervate C3 dermatome
Motor Function: Innervates Intrinsic Nuchal Muscles
93
What are the four nerves of the cervical plexus?
* Lesser occipital nerve
* Great auricular nerve
* Transverse cervical nerve
* Supraclavicular nerve
| A cervical plexus is a collection of nerves.
## Footnote
These four nerves can arise from the anterior ramus of spinal nerve C2, C3, or C4.
94
Where is the origin of the supraclavicular nerve?
* Spinal Nerve C3 and C4
95
Where does the transverse cervical nerve provide sensory information?
* Anterior and medial part of the neck
96
Where is the origin of the transverse cervical nerve?
* Spinal Nerve C2 and C3
97
Where is the origin of the great auricular nerve?
* Spinal Nerve C2 and C3
98
Where is the origin of the lesser occipital nerve?
* Spinal Nerve C2
99
Where does the lesser occipital nerve provide sensory information?
* Side of the head
100
Label the nerves of the cervical plexus 1-4.
* 1. Lesser occipital nerve
* 2. Great auricular nerve
* 3. Transverse cervical nerve
* 4. Supraclavicular nerve
101
Label the nerve that best corresponds with 1-4.
1. Transverse cervical nerve
2. Lesser occipital nerve
3. Great auricular nerve
4. Supraclavicular nerve
102
What neck muscle does the phrenic nerve sit on?
* Anterior Scalene Muscle
103
Where are the two proximal connection points of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
* Connection point on at the sternum
* Connection point on the clavicle
104
What are the spinal nerves that contribute to the brachial plexus?
* Spinal Nerve C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1
* Anterior Rami of the Spinal Nerves
105
What is the potential space between the anterior and middle scalene muscle called?
Why is this potential space important?
* Interscalene space
* This space can be utilized to perform a scalene brachial plexus block
106
What are the trunks of the brachial plexus?
* Upper: Rami C5 and C6
* Middle: Rami C7
* Lower: Rami C8 and T1
107
What are the divisions of the brachial plexus?
* 6 Divisions, each trunk forms one anterior and one posterior division.
* 3 Posterior Division form the **Posterior Cord**
* 2 Anterior Division from C5 to C7 form the **Lateral Cord**
* 1 Anterior Division from C8 and T1 form **Medial Cord**
108
What components are in the supraclavicular regions of the brachial plexus?
* Anterior Rami (C5-T1)
* The Trunks (Upper, Middle, Lower)
* The Divisions (6 divisions)
109
What components are in the infraclavicular regions of the brachial plexus?
* Lateral Cord
* Posterior Cord
* Medial Cord
110
The posterior cord splits to give us what two nerves?
* Axillary nerve
* Radial nerve
111
The lateral cord splits to give us what two nerves?
* Musculocutaneous nerve
* Lateral Root (a portion of the median nerve)
112
The lateral root will combine with the median root to form what nerve?
* Median Nerve
113
The medial cord splits to give us what two nerves?
* Ulnar Nerve
* Median Root (a portion of the median nerve)
114
What two nerves does the median nerve sit between?
* Ulnar Nerve
* Radial Nerve
115
The axillary nerve has what cervical spinal nerve origins?
* C5
* C6
116
The radial nerve has what cervical spinal nerve origins?
* C5
* C6
* C7
* C8
* T1
117
The ulnar nerve has what cervical spinal nerve origins?
* C7
* C8
* T1
118
The median nerve has what cervical spinal nerve origins?
C6 - T1
119
The musculocutaneous nerve has what cervical spinal nerve origins?
* C5
* C6
* C7
120
What sensory branch is innervated by the axillary nerve?
* Superior lateral brachial cutaneous (lateral deltoid)
121
What are the anterior cutaneous regions that the radial nerve innervates?
* Lateral Superior Thumb
* Lateral Anterior Biceps/Triceps
122
What are the posterior cutaneous regions that the radial nerve innervates?
* Lateral Posterior Triceps
* Middle Posterior Forearm
* Posterior Thumb and First 2 Fingers
123
What sensory branch is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve?
* Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve (anterior lateral forearm)
* Very small posterior of the posterior forearm
124
What are the anterior cutaneous regions that the ulnar nerve innervates?
* Medial palmer surface of last two fingers
* Anterior medial wrist
125
What are the posterior cutaneous regions that the ulnar nerve innervates?
* Medial Posterior Wrist
* Most of the last 2 Fingers
126
What are the posterior cutaneous regions that the median nerve innervates?
* Posterior fingertips of first two digits
* Proper palmar digital nerves
127
What are the anterior cutaneous regions that the median nerve innervates?
* Most of the palm
* Anterior thumb
* Anterior surface of first two fingers
* Small section of the anterior wrist
* Palmar branch of the median nerve
* Common and proper palmar digital nerve
128
Label 1
* Anterior Cutaneous Branch
