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Principles of Anesthesia > Compressed Gasses & Vaporizers (Exam III) > Flashcards

Compressed Gasses & Vaporizers (Exam III) Flashcards

1
Q

Which gasses are non-liquefied gasses?

A
  • Oxygen
  • Nitrogen
  • Helium
  • Air
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2
Q

Which gasses are liquefied?

A
  • Nitrous Oxide
  • Carbon Dioxide
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3
Q

At what pressures does a liquefiable gas become liquefied?

A

25 - 1500 psi

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4
Q

What aspect of the goverment regulates gas purity?

A

FDA

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5
Q

What aspect of the goverment regulates marking, labeling, storage, & handling?

A

DOT

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6
Q

What aspect of the goverment regulates employee safety?

A

OSHA

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7
Q

The base of a gas tank has what shape?

A

Flat or Concave

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8
Q

What material are gas tank valves made from?

A

Bronze or brass

These allow refilling and discharge of gas

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9
Q

What should be attached to every single gas cylinder?

A

Handle

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10
Q

What vents cylinder contents to the atmosphere if the pressure increases to a dangerous level?

A

Pressure relief device

disc or plug

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11
Q

What is the PIS system?

A

Pin Index Safety System = Holes and cylinder valve that only work with the correct pins on the yoke/pressure regulator.

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12
Q

What is the smallest cylinder size?
What is the biggest?
What cylinder size is used for anesthesia machines?

A

A = smallest
H = Largest
E = Anesthesia
D = Transport

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13
Q

What is the pressure-volume relationship of a non-liquefied stored gas?

A

As pressure decreases, so does volume

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14
Q

What is the relationship between pressure and volume for a liquefied gas?

A
  • Pressure dependent on vapor pressure so pressure is not an indicator of remaining volume.
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15
Q

What are some DOT regulations for what has to be placed on a gas tank?

A
  • Service pressure
  • Test Date
  • Caution label
  • Manufacturer info
  • Expiration date
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16
Q

How often should the gas cylinder valves, regulators, and gauges be lubricated?

A

Trick question. Never.

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17
Q

A gas cylinder should never be exposed to temperatures above _____.

A

54° C (130° F)

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18
Q

What are standards for storage rooms for gas cylinders?

A
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19
Q

What is used to deliver non-flammable gasses (O₂ , N₂O, medical air) to anesthetizing locations and other patient care areas?

A

Pipeline systems

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20
Q

How many days of oxygen should a central supply for a hospital “bank” for emergencies?

A

2 days worth

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21
Q

What are the benefits of a liquid storage of gas?

A
  • less expensive & convenient to store
  • refilled via supply trucks
  • no interruption to service
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22
Q

What are the three classes of piping?

A
  • Main - connect gas source to risers
  • Risers - vertical pipes connecting mainline w/ branch lines on each level of hospital.
  • Branch - section supplying room on one level of facility.
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23
Q

What permits specific areas of a piping system to be isolated for problems and maintenance?

A

Shut-off Valves

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24
Q

Area alarm systems must be audible and _______.

A

visible

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25
Area alarm systems will alarm if pressure increases or decreases by ___% from normal line pressure.
20%
26
Where are the places where area alarm is supposed to sound off at?
- Maintenance - Engineering - Affected unit
27
What connection system is used in terminal units?
DISS (Diameter Index Safety System) "quick connects"
28
What is the point in a piped gas distribution where the user connects and disconnects by hose?
Terminal units
29
What are the advantages and disadvantages of quick connectors?
- Convenient and allow connection w/o tools - Leak more
30
Modern volatile anesthetics exist in a liquid state below ____°C.
20°C 68°F
31
How is Volume percent calculated?
Partial pressure ÷ Total pressure akin to how gas is delivered = MAC *Daltons Law*.
32
Is vapor pressure dependent on atmospheric pressure?
No, Vapor pressure is independent of atmospheric pressure.
33
What is the term for when the gas phase above a liquid contains all the vapor it can hold?
Saturation. Pressure exerted by this vapor is SVP (Saturated Vapor Pressure).
34
What is the trade name and vapor pressure of halothane?
Fluothane **243** mmHg
35
What is the trade name and vapor pressure of Enflurane?
Ethrane **175** mmHg
36
What is the trade name and vapor pressure of Isoflurane?
Forane **238** mmHg
37
What is the trade name and vapor pressure of Desflurane?
Suprane **669** mmHg
38
What is the trade name and vapor pressure of Sevoflurane?
Ultane **157** mmHg
39
Which VAA boils and evaporates at room temperature?
Desflurane
40
________ ______ is the temperature at which vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure.
Boiling point
41
_______ ___ _________ is the number of calories necessary to convert 1g of liquid into vapor.
Heat of vaporization
42
______ ____ is the number of calories required to raise the temperature of 1g of a substance by 1°C.
Specific Heat
43
Materials with a _____ specific heat will minimize temperature variations.
higher
44
This term describes the "speed" at which heat flows through a substance.
Thermal conductivity
45
What will metals with a high thermal conductivity do? Which metals are examples of this?
- ↑ thermal conductivity = limited temperature swings w/ vaporization - Copper & aluminum
46
What does it mean when we say a vaporizer is "concentration-calibrated, variable bypass"?
- Concentration-calibrated = calibrated to give via a concentration (ex. 6% desflurane, won't give in mg of des) - Variable bypass refers to the wicking chamber
47
Vaporizers cannot be past the _________ ________ _______.
**Common gas outlet**. Vaporizers are not calibrated for the high flows of the oxygen flush button
48
What type of vaporizer is depicted below?
Old style "bubble-through" vaporizer
49
What type of vaporizer is depicted below?
New style "Flow-over" vaporizer
50
What would be the fix if a vaporizer were to run the wrong gas through it?
- Completely drain & discard liquid - FGF until no more vapor is detected
51
Would the anesthesia machine be able to detect two VAA's running at the same time?
Yes
52
What occurs with vaporizers at high flow (>15L/min) rates?
Failure to saturate carrier gasses
53
What occurs with vaporizers at low flow (<250mL/min) rates?
High density of VAA prevents movement onward through the anesthesia machine (gas fails to saturate).
54
What are the causes of intermittent back pressure (pumping effect) on vaporizers?
- Positive pressure ventilation - Oxygen flush valve use
55
What factors make a pumping effect in vaporizers more pronounced?
- Low flow rates - Low dial settings - Low levels of liquid in the vaporizing chamber
56
Whats done to anesthesia machines to ameliorate the pumping effect?
- Smaller vaporizing chambers - Baffle systems - Longer tube for the inlet of vaporizing chamber - Addition of check valve
57
T/F. A higher FGF results in more exhaled gas being rebreathed.
False. ↑ FGF = ↓ rebreathing
58
What two factors would cause significant rebreathing?
- ↓ FGF - ↑ V̇T
59
Vapor pressure is dependent/independent of barometric pressure.
Independent
60
What occurs with anesthetic depth at altitude? Why is this?
No changes vs sea level. Volume % may change but partial pressures and solubility to brain won't change.
61
What could cause excessively high vaporizer output?
Tipping
62
How do modern vaporizer's prevent overfilling?
Overflow holes
63
What occurs when overfilling happens?
Liquid enters bypass chamber → excessive dose delivered to patient.
64
What causes VAA leaks?
- Loose filler caps - Drain valves - Faulty vaporizer mounting bracket interface
65
How would a leak in the vaporizer present?
- Gas odor - Lower than expected inhaled concentration
66
What occurs to the patient with vaporizer leaks?
Patient wakes up!
67
A vaporizer standard average concentrations must be +/- ___% of setting.
20
68
What is the output of a vaporizer when turned off?
< 0.05%
69
What prevents more than one vaporizer from being turned on at a time?
Interlock Device

Principles of Anesthesia (24 decks)

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