Final- Regional Neuroanatomy Part 1 Flashcards
A positional word that means near the front end of the body, especially in the region of the nose and mouth.
- Rostral
A positional word that means at or near the tail or the posterior part of the body.
- Caudal/Caudad
Cephalad
- Word used to refer to something superior and anterior of the body.
Describe the anatomical position.
- Face forward
- Standing up straight
- Palms out on the anterior plane
- Thumbs extend laterally
A word that describes something sensory and peripheral. Something that might feel pain.
- Cutaneous
The other conduction in the peripheral system will be motor.
A term that describes bundles of neurons and axons outside the CNS.
- Nerve
A term that describes bundles of neurons and axons within the CNS.
- Tracts
What is a ganglia?
- Bundles of cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system
What is a nuclei?
- Bundle of cell bodies within the CNS.
_______ come together to make a Root.
- Rootlets
Where is the spinal ganglion located?
- Within the posterior root
The junction of the posterior root and anterior root will be called the ________.
- Spinal Nerve
- This point will be the start of the Peripheral Nervous System
The anterior of the spinal cord will be connected to the ______ system.
- Motor System (Efferent)
The posterior of the spinal cord will be connected to the ______ system.
- Sensory System (Afferent)
What will be the first projection off of the spinal nerve?
Function?
- Posterior Ramus
- Posterior Ramus will primarily serve as a sensory component
What will be the second projection of the spinal nerve?
Function?
- Anterior Ramus
- Anterior Ramus will serve as a motor output, sensory input, and branch of the autonomic nervous system.
Of the two spinal nerve projections, which one is larger?
- Anterior Ramus
How does the Anterior Ramus connect to the sympathetic chain (sympathetic ganglion)?
- Gray Ramus Communicans (proximal)
- White Ramus Communicans (distal)
Explain why the left sympathetic chain is more posterior and lateral on the spinal column than the right.
- The aorta sits on the left side of the vertebral body and pushes the left sympathetic chain (left spinal ganglia) posteriorly and laterally during development.
What are the branches of the posterior ramus?
- Medial branch of the Posterior Rami
- Lateral branch of the Posterior Rami
What are the branches of the anterior ramus?
- Anterior Cutaneous Branch
- Lateral Cutaneous Branch
What is another name for the anterior ramus?
- Intercostal nerve
The intercostal nerve usually sits inferior its correspondivng rib cage.
Spinal nerve C8 exits from _________ (above/below) vertebrae C7.
- Below
Spinal nerve C1 through C7 exit from _______ (above/below) its corresponding cervical vertebrae.
- Above
The thoracic spinal nerves T1 to T12 exit from ______- (above/below) the corresponding thoracic vertebrae.
- Below
The spinal nerves L1 to L5 exit from ______- (above/below) the corresponding lumbar vertebrae.
- Below
Spinal Nerve Pairs:
- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumbar
- Sacral
- Coccygeal
- 8 pairs of Cervical Spinal Nerves
- 12 pairs of Thoracic Spinal Nerves
- 5 pairs of Lumbar Spinal Nerves
- 5 pairs of Sacral Spinal Nerves
- 1 pair of Coccygeal Spinal Nerves
- 31 pairs total
Where do the cervical spinal nerves provide sensory innervation to?
- Most of the head and upper extremities
Where do the thoracic spinal nerves provide sensory innervation to?
- Portion of the upper extremity
- Large portion of the torso
Where do the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves provide sensory innervation to?
- Lower extremity
Label 1
- Posterior Rootlets
Label 2
- Posterior Root (with spinal ganglion)
Label 3
- Spinal Nerve
Label 4
- Posterior Ramus
Label 5
- Anterior Ramus
Label 6
- Gray Ramus Communicans
Label 7
- White Ramus Communicans
Label 8
- Sympathetic ganglion
Label 9
- Meningeal branch
Label 10
- Anterior Root
Label 11
- Anterior Rootlets
Label 1
- Anterior Cutaneous Branch
Label 2
- Lateral Cutaneous Branch
Label 3
Anterior Ramus
Label 4
- Meningeal Branch
Label 5
- Medial Branch
Label 6
- Lateral Branch
Label 7
- Posterior Ramus
Label 1
- Posterior Ramus
Label 2
- Anterior Ramus (Intercostal Nerve)
Label 3
- Lateral Cutaneous Branch