Final R/V - Cardiology

Question 1

Key investigations for angina -4 (two sets of bloods)

Answer 1

1) Exacerbating bloods - FBC, TFTs, BM
2) Treatment bloods - LFTs, U&Es
3) ECG - T-wave flattening, ST depression & LBBB
4) Coronary angiography/Stress Echo

Question 2

Key management for angina

Answer 2

GTN
Aspirin
B blockers & Calcium Channel Blockers
Statin

ALSO
Ivabaradine, Nicorandil

Question 3

Alpha blocker side effects

Answer 3

Postural hypotension, should be taken at bed time

Drowsiness

Question 4

Amlodipine side effect

Answer 4

Ankle swelling, Abdominal pain

Question 5

Aortic stenosis

Answer 5

Fixed afterload so calcium channel blockers have little effect.

Question 6

Ulcerative colitis histology

Answer 6

Involves mucosa and superifical submucosa
Inflammatory cells in lamina propria
Crypt destruction

Question 7

UC remission

Answer 7

Mesalazine or oral corticosteroids

Question 8

UC maintenance

Answer 8

Mesalazine or azathioprine

Question 9

Azathioprine monitoring

Answer 9

FBC, LFTs

Question 10

Toxic mega colon management

Answer 10

Drip & suck
IV hydrocortisone
Colectomy

Question 11

Toxic mega colon recognition

Answer 11

> 6cm large bowel on abdominal radiograph

Question 12

Difference between open & closed fracture x2

Answer 12

Open – wound contamination, abx prophylaxis & tetanus
Open – More likely to be high energy trauma, pelvis & c-spine radiographs
Open – Wound cleansing