Final Quiz Flashcards by AMANDA KUEHNER

what are the three clinical uses of narcotics?

pain relief (analegesics)
reduce coughing (antitussive)
reduce diarrhea

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how do narcotics treat pain?

activates endorphin receptors that blocks transmission of pain through the spinal cord and brain stem
- alters perception of pain in the “pain center”

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what is the most common side effect of narcotics? what are other symptoms

constipation!
drowsiness, mental clouding, respiratory depression, nausea, itching, inability to urinate, low BP

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what is the most common narcotic analgesic?

morphine

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what is heroins classification?

schedule 1
- most widely abused drug in the world

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what other drugs typically get used with heroin?

diluted with lactose, quinine
- mixed with artificial fentanyl
- used with alcohol and cocaine

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cocaine + heroin

speedballing

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what is the purpose of codeine?

cough suppressant (schedule 5)
- most prescribed analgesic
- used for treatment of minor-moderate pain

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what are narcotics extracted from? who was the first to do this?

opium (poppy plant)
- Frederick Serturner (morphine)

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what is a hypodermic syringe? when was this most commonly used?

created to prevent morphine addiction
- injected drug directly into the veins rather than orally
- increases potency & likelihood of dependence
- used during the Civil War (soldiers disease)

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what are two commonly prescribed narcotics?

oxycodone, oxycontin

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is narcotic addiction common?

no, it’s very rare unless you have a predisposition

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what is a narcotic?

CNS depressant
- produces insensibility (lack of awareness) and stupor (state of near unconsciousness)
- means “benumbing” in Greek

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what is an analegesic?

pain relief
- class of drugs that is used to relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness

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what is an anorexiant?

diet pills
- prescriptions were written for this at an all time high during 1967

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what are some legal uses of amphetamines?

narcolepsy, ADHD, weight loss
- euphorigenic & eliminates fatigue

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what are the effects of amphetamines?

increase alertness, excitation, and euphoria
- can cause an individual to do repetitious thought or act for hours

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what is Ritalin used for?

treat ADHD
- calm down individuals & boost school performance
- can also treat narcolepsy
- Schedule 2

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what is the most used stimulant?

CAFFIENE

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what is xanthine?

caffeine-like-drugs
- most potent affect on CNS
- enhances alertness, arousal, and diminished fatigue

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what are stimulants?

makes the user have an increased sense of energy & state of euphoria
- releases dopamine!

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what are examples of minor and major stimulants?

minor: caffeine
major: amphetamines, cocaine

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what is a gateway drug?

drugs that serve as the path to use illicit drug
- leads someone to a propensity (desire)

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what are the two types of cannabis? describe them

sativa = energetic, increase appetite, pain relief, new ideas
- DAYTIIME

indica = relaxation, stress relief, calmness
- NIGHTTIME

what is synthetic marijuana?

composed of herbal materials, fake weed - sprayed with designer chemicals

what is sinsemilla?

no seeds - makes it more potent

what is hashish?

made from flower buds - very pure form of resin

what is marijuana wax?

melted down to be the most powerful and potent - highly hallucinogenic

what is ganja?

slang term - dried tops of female plants

what is THC?

tetrahydrocannabinol - primary mind altering (psychoactive) agent

what is the gateway theory?

does not explain the progression to other more addictive drugs, it shows that some people are predisposed to use drugs (weed is just readily available)

how many chemicals are in marijuana? what is the most common ingredient?

421 - THC

what is today's potency of marijuana?

8.52% in 2009, but has increased in potency by 3x

what is amotivational syndrome?

belief that heavy weed use causes a lack of motivation or impaired desire with reduced productivity - lack of desire to perform hard work and difficult tasks

what does volatile mean?

readily evaporated at low temperatures - snorting, sniffing, huffing

why are inhalants abused?

household products that elicit euphorigenic responses - easily available and produces a high

what is nitrous oxide used for?

dentists - colorless gas, laughing gas - found in products used in cars to boost octane levels - can be sold in large balloons

what are side affects of inhalant use?

nausea, irritation or airways, coughing, sneezing, lightheadedness, mild stimulation, loss of control, lack of coordination, disorientation, dizziness, hallucinations

what are the three main types of inhalants?

volatile substances (aerosols, butane, gas, freon) anesthetics (NO) nitrates (treats chest tightness -> angina)

what is the age group that uses inhalants?

8th grade mainly - average age of first use was 19.2 years

what does euphorigenic mean?

having the ability to cause feelings of pleasure and well-being

what is huffing?

inhale vapor or aerosol gases using plastic bags held over the mouth or by breathing from a solvent-soaked rag

what is a subculture?

special populations who have similarities that are different from others

what does ergogenic mean?

drugs that enhance athletic performance

what is blood doping?

taking blood out of your own body and infusing it back to increase amount of blood cells before performance

are women more or less likely to seek treatment for addiction?

less likely

what are women in treatment more likely to have had?

sexual or physical abuse

what are factors that influence adolescent drug use?

bored more than $25 per week anxiety peer use weak family bonds sexual abuse

what are the four types of parents kids who struggle with addiction have? describe them

alcoholics nonconsuming & condeming = abstain and judgmental overly demanding = unrealistic expectations overly protective = child has no self-worth, independence

do people who attend college have a higher or lower rate of being an alcoholic?

higher

do people who attend college have a higher or lower rate of using other drugs?

lower

what are some major reasons for alcohol use in college?

breaks the ice, enhances social activity, something to do, able to have more fun, peer bonding, easier to deal with stress

what is the best predictor of drug use in first year of college?

drug use during a typically month in the senior year of HS

who is more likely to initiate drug use? (M or W)

men

who is more likely to start abusing drugs earlier? (M or W)

women

who is more likely to develop an addiction? (M or W)

women

who is more likely to relapse when their romantic partners are substance abusers? (M or W)

women

who is more likely to be unemployed due to drug use? (M or W)

women

who is more likely to abuse alcohol? (M or W)

women