Final Questions Flashcards
Objects in the extreme right (far right periphery) of your visual world:
a. Stimulate the temporal hemiretina of your right eye
b. Stimulate the temporal hemiretina of your left eye
c. stimulate the nasal hemiretina of your right eye
d. are represented in the left primary visual cortex
e. c and d
e. c and d
The lateral geniculate nucleus on the right side of the brain:
a. contains a complete representation of the left visual world
b. contains a complete representation of the right visual world
c. receives input from the nasal hemiretina of the left eye
d. a and c are correct
d. a and c are correct
The receptive field of a neuron is:
a. the area of the environment/ body in which a stimulus will always excite the cell
b) The area of the environment/body in which a stimulus will always inhibit the cell
c) The region of the environment/body in which a stimulus will affect the neuron’s firing rate
d) The best stimulus, usually a large circle, for a neuron in the visual system
c) The region of the environment/body in which a stimulus will affect the neuron’s firing rate
A lesion in the Upper bank of the calcarine fissure in the primary visual cortex on the right side of the brain will cause:
a. blindness in the left eye
b. loss of vision in the upper visual field of both eyes
c. loss of vision of the nasal field of both eyes
d. loss of vision in the lower left quadrant of the visual field of both eyes
e. loss of vision in the upper left quadrant of the visual field of both eyes
d. loss of vision in the lower left quadrant of the visual field of both eyes
Cutting the right optic nerve will cause:
a. no visual deflects, because you still have the nerve on the other side
b. blindness in the left eye
c. blindness in the left visual field of both eyes
d. loss of ability to perceive objects in any part of the left visual world
e. blindness in the right eye
e. blindness in the right eye
The central portion of the left side of the visual field is represented:
a. in left primary visual cortex at the most posterior portion of the calcarine fissure
b. in right primary visual cortex at the most posterior portion of the calcarine fissure
c. in the left primary visual cortex deep (anteriorally) along the calcarine fissure
d. in the right primary visual cortex deep (anteriorally) along the calcarine fissure
e. a and b
b. in right primary visual cortex at the most posterior portion of the calcarine fissure
Adding glutamate to a slice of the cat spinal cord maintained in a dish:
a. causes simultaneous bursting in left and right ventral roots
b. causes alternate bursting in left and right ventral roots
c. mimics the effects on activity in the ventral roots of dorsal root stimulation
d. b and c
e. none of the above
d. b and c
CPGs in the vertebrate spinal cord:
a. can be switched on by sensory input
b. can be activated by stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor nucleus
c. can be modulated by coordinating fibers from other CPGs
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
d. all of the above
In a mesencephalic cat suspended on a treadmill, which of the following is true?
a) The animal shows some reflex responses but can’t be made to walk
b) A mesencephalic cut is lethal
c) The animal will walk faster as the stimulation current delivered to the MLn is increased
d) Stimulation of the motor cortex will induce movement in the contralateral legs
e) none of the above
c) The animal will walk faster as the stimulation current delivered to the MLn is increased
Stimulation of cat mesencephalic locomotor nucleus should (think about this):
a) produce a pattern of walking, trotting and galloping as the current intensity is increased
b) result in activation of spinal central pattern generators for locomotion
c) result in an alternating pattern of activity in corresponding left and right ventral roots
d) result in an alternating pattern of activity in alpha motor neurons innervating the left and right
legs
e) all of the above
e) all of the above
When a person is asked to perform a complex sequence of finger movements and brain activity is
recorded by PET:
a) primary motor cortex will show increased activity
b) mesencephalic locomotor nucleus will show increased activity
c) supplementary motor cortex show increased activity
d) all of the above
e) a and c are both correct
e) a and c are both correct
The expression “running around like a chicken with your head cut off” is derived from farmers’
observations that chickens run around vigorously for several seconds after they are decapitated. This
observation suggests that:
a. locomotor behavior is generated by neural circuits in the forebrain
b. motor neurons to the muscles generating locomotor movements originate in the spinal cord
c. locomotor behavior can be produced and organized by neural circuits within the spinal cord
d. b and c
e. none of the above
d. b and c
The central pattern generator producing respiration in the mollusk Lymnaea (assigned paper):
a) can form normal connections in vitro
b) consists of two reciprocally connected neurons
c) has only one cell type, a spontaneous burster
d) primarily employs electrical synapses
a) can form normal connections in vitro
The inferotemporal cortex “face recognition” neurons:
a. respond equally to all faces
b. only respond well to one particular face
c. show a particular across neuron pattern of responses to a particular face
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
c. show a particular across neuron pattern of responses to a particular face
Someone suffering from Prosopagnosia
a. has an impaired ability to recognize faces
b. probably has extensive damage to primary visual cortex
c. has great difficulty in reading
d. can be effectively treated by oral administration of l-Dopa
e. b and c
a. has an impaired ability to recognize faces
The superior colliculus is part of the:
a) mesencephalon
b) metencephalon
c) diencephalon
d) telencephalon
e) myelencephalon
a) mesencephalon
Parkinson’s disease may be treated by:
a) oral administration of the neurotransmitter dopamine
b) oral administration of l-DOPA
c) the dopamine antagonist haloperidol
d) all of the above
b) oral administration of l-DOPA
For a mesencephalic cat, transecting the spinal cord between the hindlimbs and forelimbs
a. has no effect, since the cat can’t walk anyway
b. eliminates the use of the hindlegs when the cat is on the treadmill
c. disrupts the rhythm between the forelimbs and hindlimbs when the cat is on the treadmill
d. eliminates neural activity in the dorsal roots
e. none of the above
c. disrupts the rhythm between the forelimbs and hindlimbs when the cat is on the treadmill
Sensory fibers conveying information to the central nervous system may:
a) ascend in the spinal cord to the brain
b) synapse on interneurons in the spinal cord
c) synapse on neurons in the ventral horn which innervate skeletal muscles
d) all of the above are true
e) none of the above are true
d) all of the above are true
The UPPER RIGHT PERIPHERAL part of the visual world is:
a) represented in the UPPER BANK of the LEFT primary visual cortex
b) represented in the LOWER BANK of the LEFT primary visual cortex
c) represented deep (anteriorally) along the calcarine fissure of the left primary visual cortex
d) b and c
e) none of the above
d) b and c
The inferotemporal cortex neurons discussed in class:
e) are retinotopically organized
f) have very large receptive fields
g) a single neuron will respond well to both a profile and frontal view of a face
h) single neurons respond about equally well to the faces of all individuals
i) all of the above
f) have very large receptive fields
An ON-CENTER retinal ganglion cell responds with MAXIMAL excitation to:
a) diffuse illumination of the entire receptive field
b) illumination confined to the receptive field surround
c) illumination confined to the receptive field center
d) dark in both the receptive field center and surround
c) illumination confined to the receptive field center
Illumination of a photoreceptor in the CENTER of an ON-CENTER retinal ganglion cell’s (RGC)
receptive field will:
a) decrease action potentials in the ON-CENTER bipolar cell connected to the RGC
b) decrease glutamate release from the photoreceptor projecting to the ON-center bipolar cell
connected to the retinal ganglion cell
c) depolarize (excite) the ON-CENTER bipolar cell connected to the retinal ganglion cell
d) b and c
e) a and c
d) b and c
lluminating a photoreceptor in the SURROUND of an ON-CENTER retinal ganglion cell will:
a) increased glutamate release from the photoreceptor being illuminated
b) hyperpolarize the horizontal cell onto which the illuminated photoreceptor synapses
c) depolarization in the ON-CENTER bipolar cell connected to the retinal ganglion cell
d) increased action potential frequency in the retinal ganglion cell
b) hyperpolarize the horizontal cell onto which the illuminated photoreceptor synapses
An electrode penetrating obliquely (not straight down) within a single right eye ocular dominance
column in primary visual cortex will encounter (record):
a) neurons responding to input from alternating eyes (R,L,R,L,etc.) as it progresses
b) neurons responding to a bar of light in only a single orientation as it progresses
c) ONLY neurons responding EXCLUSIVELY to input from the right eye as it progresses
d) neurons responding to bars of light in progressively different orientations as it progresses
e) only specialized complex cells
d) neurons responding to bars of light in progressively different orientations as it progresses
Applying glutamate to a splice of spinal cord will typically:
a) produce a pattern of alternating bursting in the left and right dorsal roots
b) kill the neurons
c) activate the central pattern generator neurons for locomotion in that slice
d) activate mesencephalic locomotor nucleus neurons
e) both a and c
c) activate the central pattern generator neurons for locomotion in that slice
Which of the following is/are true for BLOBS in the primary visual cortex?
a) neurons in blobs are not orientation-selective
b) neurons in blobs are concerned with processing of color
c) there are blobs in both left and right eye ocular dominance columns
d) blobs neurons receive direct input from the lateral geniculate nucleus neurons
e) all of the above
e) all of the above
A bipolar cell that is part of a on-center off-surround, when stimulated by a spot of light in the surround
will:
a. be depolarized
b. be hyperpolarized
c. exhibit an increase in the rate of action potential production
d. exhibit a decrease in the rate of action potential production
b. be hyperpolarized
The response of a mammalian photoreceptor (as discussed in class) to light stimulation of its surround
is:
a. depolarized
b. hyperpolarized
c. increased glutamate release
d. no effect
e. a and c
e. a and c
Light interacting with photopigment in rods will:
a) decrease the influx of Na + into the rod
b) cause 11-cis-retinal to convert into all trans-retinal
c) decrease the intracellular concentration of cGMP
d) all of the above are true
e) only two of the first three are true
c) decrease the intracellular concentration of cGMP
A neuron has a resting potential of -70 mV in a bath containing 10 mM Cl - (concentration inside the cell is
40 mM). When Cl - channels are caused to open:
a) the membrane potential will stay close to -70
b) the membrane potential will be pulled toward -35 mV
c) the membrane potential will be pulled toward +35 mV
d) Cl - will flow into the cell
e) b and d
c) the membrane potential will be pulled toward +35 mV
The point at which the diffusional (concentration) force is equal but opposite to the electrostatic force for a
single ion is the:
a) reversal potential
b) membrane potential
c) equilibrium potential
d) postsynaptic potential
e) a and c are correct
e) a and c are correct
A neuron has a membrane potential of -150 mV. What happens when K + channels are opened?
a) K + flows out of the cell
b) K + flows into the cell
c) there is a hyperpolarization
d) a and c
e) b and c
b) K + flows into the cell
In the CPG controlling respiration in the pond snail, which of the following neurons have reciprocal
inhibitory connections?
a) DA1 and IP3
b) DA1 and VD4
c) IP3 and VD4
d) both a and b are correct
e) both b and c are correct
e) both b and c are correct
In the CPG neurons controlling respiration in the pond snail, which of the following are correct:
a) DA1 is spontaneously active and receives both inhibitory and excitatory synaptic input
b) IP3 is spontaneously active and receives both IPSP and complex PSP synaptic input
c) VD4 receives only excitatory synaptic input
d) DA1 contains the enzyme DOPA decarboxylase
e) both a and d are correct
e) both a and d are correct
In the CPG of the pond snail, you would expect that:
a) An action potential in IP3 would directly produce an IPSP in DA1
b) An action potential in IP3 would directly produce an EPSP in VD4
c) IP3 would express two or more dopamine receptor subtypes
d) the dopamine receptor subtypes expressed by VD4 would gate either K + or Cl -
e) both c and d are correct
e) both c and d are correct
Which is/are true for the different layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)?
a) each layer receives input from only one eye
b) inputs from the left and right eye go to different layers in the LGN
c) neurons in each layer have circular center surround receptive fields
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
The RIGHT lateral geniculate nucleus projects to:
a) the RIGHT (ipsilateral) primary visual cortex
b) the LEFT (contralateral) primary visual cortex
c) the lateral geniculate nucleus on the other side of the brain
d) a and b
e) b and c
a) the RIGHT (ipsilateral) primary visual cortex
