final pt. 3 (intrapersonal abuse, addiction, family/couples counseling) Flashcards
the misuse of objects or substances produced for one purpose but are exploited excessively to the detriment of the person involved, resulting in addiction
interpersonal abuse
3 C’s of addiction:
loss of __________ , __________ use , __________ use (almost any object or substance can become an addiction)
control compulsive continued
regarding substances means to use a drug for the sole purpose of euphoria or recreation
abuse
two or more substances simultaneously
polysubstance abuse (and addiction)
abuse of or addiction to substances is _______ with other disorders including depression, anxiety, conduct disorder, and ADHD
comorbid
most prevalent factors affecting treatment for interpersonal abuses and addiction are:
__________- internal desire to change
denial- minimizing effects of substance abuse on self or others
dual-diagnosis- mental illness and substance use disorder
matching- the right treatment for a d/o
control- the regulation of behavior
relapse- the recurrence of dysfunctional behaviors once they have been treated
motivation
most prevalent factors affecting treatment for interpersonal abuses and addiction are:
motivation- internal desire to change
_______- minimizing effects of substance abuse on self or others
dual-diagnosis- mental illness and substance use disorder
matching- the right treatment for a d/o
control- the regulation of behavior
relapse- the recurrence of dysfunctional behaviors once they have been treated
denial
most prevalent factors affecting treatment for interpersonal abuses and addiction are:
motivation- internal desire to change
denial- minimizing effects of substance abuse on self or others
_____________- mental illness and substance use disorder
matching- the right treatment for a d/o
control- the regulation of behavior
relapse- the recurrence of dysfunctional behaviors once they have been treated
dual diagnosis
most prevalent factors affecting treatment for interpersonal abuses and addiction are:
motivation- internal desire to change
denial- minimizing effects of substance abuse on self or others
dual-diagnosis- mental illness and substance use disorder
_________- the right treatment for a d/o
control- the regulation of behavior
relapse- the recurrence of dysfunctional behaviors once they have been treated
matching
most prevalent factors affecting treatment for interpersonal abuses and addiction are:
motivation- internal desire to change
denial- minimizing effects of substance abuse on self or others
dual-diagnosis- mental illness and substance use disorder
matching- the right treatment for a d/o
_________- the regulation of behavior
relapse- the recurrence of dysfunctional behaviors once they have been treated
control
most prevalent factors affecting treatment for interpersonal abuses and addiction are:
motivation- internal desire to change
denial- minimizing effects of substance abuse on self or others
dual-diagnosis- mental illness and substance use disorder
matching- the right treatment for a d/o
control- the regulation of behavior
________- the recurrence of dysfunctional behaviors once they have been treated
relapse
treatment for addiction/abuse:
a brief counseling intervention designed to reduce a client’s ambivalence toward change will increasing their motivation to engage in the behavior-changing process
motivational interviewing
treatment for addiction/abuse:
emphasis is to get client to think about what an improved life would look like and what changes would be needed to live such a life
solution focused approach
treatment for addiction/abuse:
counselors have clients with addictions read books or view/listen to media and discuss ideas related to what they have experienced
bibliotherapeutic approach
treatment for addiction/abuse:
most common are 12-step programs: alcoholics/narcotics/overeaters anonymous
groups and programs for family members: women for sobriety, alanon and lateen, students against drunk driving, M.A.A.D.
self help groups
identify risk factors, protective factors, and triggers (environmental events- involved in both risk and protective factors)
prevention programs
addiction to behaviors including sexuality, gambling, internet use, gaming
process addictions
behavior moves from normal to addictive when it both produces pleasure and reduces negative moods, and include two key features:
the individual is unable to _______, cut back, or ______ the behavior
control stop
behavior moves from normal to addictive when it both produces pleasure and reduces negative moods, and include two key features:
the individual continues to use the behavior despite substantial ________ ____________
negative consequences
repression: unknowing placing an unpleasant memory or thought in the unconscious
regression: reverting back to immature behavior from an earlier stage of development
displacement: redirecting unacceptable feelings from the original source to a safer, substitute target
sublimation: replacing socially unacceptable impulses with socially acceptable behavior
reaction formation: acting in exactly the opposite
way to one’s unacceptable impulses
projection: attributing one’s own unacceptable feelings and thoughts to others and not yourself
rationalization: creating false excuses for one’s unacceptable feelings, thoughts, or behaviors
common defense mechanisms
a natural tendency to do something well such as carry out tasks in daily life
ability
an inability or a limitation that prevents a person from performing some or all of the tasks of daily life
affects 54 million people in the US, 4.4 million are children
disability
A variety of models exist for counselors to choose from when working with a client who has a disability:
“disabilities are objective conditions that exist in and of themselves”
biomedical model
A variety of models exist for counselors to choose from when working with a client who has a disability:
“disabilities are deficits that impede functioning”
environmental and functional model
A variety of models exist for counselors to choose from when working with a client who has a disability:
“persons with disabilities are a minorities group rather than people with pathologies. Impediments created by social disorganization”
sociopolitical model
A variety of models exist for counselors to choose from when working with a client who has a disability:
people with direct experience with disabilities are best able to help those who have recently acquired disabilities”
peer counselor model
Personal counseling: working individually with clients from theoretical models
Case finding: making services known to agencies and potential clients
Eligibility determination: determining if clients meet criteria for funding
Training: identifying client skills and purchasing resources to help clients
Provision of restoration: arranging for needed devices and medical services
Support services: ranges from providing medication to offering counseling
Job placement
Planning: working as equals with client to devise a treatment plan
Evaluation: combining info from services to prioritize and determine needs
Agency consultation: working with agencies to set up or coordinate services
Public relations: advocating for clients
Follow-along: interacting with agencies and maintain contact with clients
major functions of rehab counselors
characterized by its “before the fact quality”; its intentional and group-oriented rather than individual
primary prevention
counselors need to work with increase individual strengths and decrease individual limitations
counselors must increase social support and decrease social stress
environmental variables, such as poverty, natural disasters, and community programming for youth must be addressed
blooms configure model of prevention
sex, age, depression, previous attempt, alcohol abuse, rational thinking loss, social support system lacking (lonely, isolated), organized plan, no spouse, sickness (chronic or terminal)
sad persons scale
creative, coping, social, essential, physical
indivisible self
controlling mental health problems that have already surfaced but are not severe
secondary prevention
controlling serious mental health problems to keep them from being chronic or life threatening
tertiary prevention
counselors can work to mitigate stigma of mental disorders in 3 ways: p______, e________, and c______
protest education contact
10-25% of population experience a form of it
may be the most common disorder of mental health professionals
treatments include CBT, mindfulness, and physiological interventions (exercise, nutrition)
depression
affects 18% of adult population (40 million)
generalized, social ________, and panic disorder
anxiety
two most prominent models with nonmusical traumas:
______ intervention model
___________ - therapy model
crisis continuing
trauma models:
the focus is to restore _______________ ___________ - the combination of biological, psychological, and social factors that make up and influence how a person operates with a society
biopsychosocial functioning
trauma models:
to help clients create meaning, counselors may use __________-_____________ framework
existential-constructivist
Variety of settings: mental health centers, community agencies, psychiatric hospitals, health maintenance organizations, health and wellness promotion programs (HWPS), geriatric centers, crisis control agencies, child guidance clinics, employee assistance programs, crisis-oriented organizations
employment of cmhcs
Balance business
Be patient, persistent, and prepared
Network
Be tech savvy
Avoid restrictive covenants of some agencies
Invest time in pull marketing relationships
Prepare for possible emergencies of clients
Be willing to donate services
challenges of private practice
A growing dissatisfaction among consumers with mental health managed care
A chance for counselors to develop a niche or a specialty and become known in their communities
An opportunity for counselors to set up their office hours for times most convenient for them
A chance for counselors to branch out in treatment services
Opportunity to be entrepreneurial
benefits of private practice
nuclear (husband, wife, children); multigenerational (at least 3 generations);
single parent;
blended;
dual career (both marital partners work);
childless family;
aging family (heads of household are 65 and above);
gay/lesbian family (with or without children); multicultural family (individuals from 2 different cultures form a household)
types of families
WWII resulted in a sharp rise in divorce rates as well as the baby boom
the changing role of women into becoming breadwinners as well as caring for the home
expansion of the lifespan- couples found themselves living with the same partners longer than at any previous time in history
family history and trends
Nathan ackerman
virginia satir
salvador minuchin
John gotttman
jay haley
carl whitaker
milton erickson
family therapy pioneers and leaders
American association for marriage and family therapy (AAMFT)- est. in 1942
International association of marriage and family counselors (IAMFC)- division within ACA chartered in 1986
Division 43 (family psychology)- division of APA formed in 1984
American family therapy association (AFTA)- est. in 1977
family therapy associations
Family counseling interventions are at least as effective as individual interventions
Some forms of family counseling are more effective in treating problems than other counseling approaches
Effectiveness of family counseling increases when both partners/parents are present
Problems may worsen when marriage and family counseling services are not offered to couples conjointly or to families systematically
Clients report high satisfaction with marital, couple, and family counseling services
family counseling research
the stages a family goes through as it evolves over the years
family life cycle
emotional bonding
family cohesion
ability to be flexible and change (in families)
family adaptability
family members are overly dependent on each other
enmeshment
other members of a triangle pull a person in 2 different directions
triangulation
Finances
Children
Fidelity
Communication
Compatibility
The must see both partners together
Main approaches include object relational, behavioral, cognitive behavioral, bowen systems, structural, emotionally focused, and narrative
reasons couples seek counseling
an individual who is seen as the cause of trouble with the family structure whom family members use as their ticket of entry to counseling
identified patient
Family system counselors stress the following concepts:
________ ________ (events are interconnected and factors behind a behavior or multiple)
Nonsummativity (family is greater than the sum of its parts)
Equifinality (same origin may lead to different outcomes and the same outcome may results from different origins)
Communication (all behavior is seen as communicative)
Family rules (explicit and implicit rules influence family functioning)
Morphogenesis (ability of a family to modify its functioning to meet demands)
circular causality
Family system counselors stress the following concepts:
Circular causality (events are interconnected and factors behind a behavior or multiple)
______________ (family is greater than the sum of its parts)
Equifinality (same origin may lead to different outcomes and the same outcome may results from different origins)
Communication (all behavior is seen as communicative)
Family rules (explicit and implicit rules influence family functioning)
Morphogenesis (ability of a family to modify its functioning to meet demands)
nonsummativity
Family system counselors stress the following concepts:
Circular causality (events are interconnected and factors behind a behavior or multiple)
Nonsummativity (family is greater than the sum of its parts)
____________ (same origin may lead to different outcomes and the same outcome may results from different origins)
Communication (all behavior is seen as communicative)
Family rules (explicit and implicit rules influence family functioning)
Morphogenesis (ability of a family to modify its functioning to meet demands)
equifinality
Family system counselors stress the following concepts:
Circular causality (events are interconnected and factors behind a behavior or multiple)
Nonsummativity (family is greater than the sum of its parts)
Equifinality (same origin may lead to different outcomes and the same outcome may results from different origins)
_____________ (all behavior is seen as communicative)
Family rules (explicit and implicit rules influence family functioning)
Morphogenesis (ability of a family to modify its functioning to meet demands)
communication
Family system counselors stress the following concepts:
Circular causality (events are interconnected and factors behind a behavior or multiple)
Nonsummativity (family is greater than the sum of its parts)
Equifinality (same origin may lead to different outcomes and the same outcome may results from different origins)
Communication (all behavior is seen as communicative)
______ _____ (explicit and implicit rules influence family functioning)
Morphogenesis (ability of a family to modify its functioning to meet demands)
family rules
Family system counselors stress the following concepts:
Circular causality (events are interconnected and factors behind a behavior or multiple)
Nonsummativity (family is greater than the sum of its parts)
Equifinality (same origin may lead to different outcomes and the same outcome may results from different origins)
Communication (all behavior is seen as communicative)
Family rules (explicit and implicit rules influence family functioning)
_____________ (ability of a family to modify its functioning to meet demands)
morphogenesis
Based on several premises:
Counselors are psychologically healthy and understand their own families of origin well
Counselors will not over- or underemphasize possible aspects in the therapeutic process
Counselor must win the battle for structure while letting the family win the battle for initiative
Counselors need to be able to see the couple or family difficulties in the context in which they are occurring
process of couple (family) counseling
Things to address before beginning:
Understanding expectations the client has for treatment
Gather essential clinical information
Hypothesize about possible issues for the family
Schedule an appointment
presession planning
Counselor must establish rapport
Therapeutic alliance can be created through the following:
Maintenance- confirm or support a family member’s position
Tracking- following a series of events
Mimesis- adopting a family’s style of communication
Counselor observes the family dance, the way couple/family typically interacts verbally or nonverbally
Counselors may ask circular questions- focus attention on couple or family connections and highlight differences among members
initial session
Explore new behaviors and take chances
Types of change:
First-order: superficial
Second-order: structured rules are altered; the change hoped for in counseling
Middle phase can be enhanced with homework-tasks to complete outside sessions OR psychoeducational assignments to learn more and interact together
middle phase
couple/family, counselors or both may initiate termination
In beginning termination, the counselor and C/F should ask themselves why they are entering this phase
Counselor should make sure that the work the C/F has done is summarized and celebrated so the family feels more aware and stronger
Termination also includes creating long-term goals, predicting setbacks, and follow-up
termination
