FINAL pt 2 Flashcards
Primary Feedback Loop
Involves infant’s own body
Secondary Feedback Loop
Involved people and objects
Tertiary Feedback Loop
Involved active exploration & experimentation
6 Stages of Piaget’s Sensorimotor Stage Development
- Reflexes (senses/motor reflexes)
- Primary Circular Reactions (nursing)
- Secondary Circular Reactions (waves hands bc rattle makes noise)
- Coordination of Reactions (initiate & anticipate, may ask for help by fussing/pointing)
- Tertiary Circular Reactions (“little scientist”)
- Early Representation Thought (performs after seeing)
Object Permanence
The realization that ppl/objects still exist when they can no longer be seen, touched, or heard
Information Processing Theory and Affordances
Information Processing Theory - perceptive that compares human thinking processes, by analogy, to computer analysis of data, including sensory input, connection, stored memories, and output
Affordances - opportunity for perception & interaction that is offered by a person, place, thing or object in the environment
Visual Cliff Experiment
Baby is put on a see through platform, tested fall reactions
Social Smile
Smile evoked by a human face, usually evident around 6 weeks after birth
Separation Anxiety
Distress when a familiar caregiver leaves, most obvious between 9-14 months
Self-Awareness
Rogue Test
Self-Awareness - a person’s realization that they are a distinct individual whose body, mind, and actions separate from those of other people
Rouge Test - 9-24 month olds looked into a mirror after a dot was placed on their nose. If they reacted by touching the dot on their nose, it was inferred they knew the mirror showed their own face
Temperament
Inborn differences between 1 person & another in emotions, activity, self regulation,.
Measured by person’s typical responses to their environment
Secure Attachment
A relationship where infant obtains both comfort & confidence from the presence of caregiver
Insecure Attachment
Pattern of attachment where infant avoids connections with caregiver (careless of their presence, departure, & return)
Insecure Ambivalent
An infant’s anxiety and uncertainty are evident.
When an infant becomes very upset at separation from caregiver and resists constant on reunion
Myelination
The process by which axons become coated with a fatty substance that speeds the transmission of nerve impulses from neuron to neuron
Conservation
“When asked which beaker has more water, child chooses taller one after watching same amount be poured into both. What conservation is this an example of?”
Volume
Piaget’s Preoperations Stage of Cognitive Development
- 2nd stage
Theory Theory
Idea that children attempt to explain everything they see & hear by constructing theories
Emotional Regulation
Ex. 5 y/o no longer exhibits rage, but simply sulks/pouts when told no
What role does culture play in emotional control?
Culture shapes whether individuals are motivated to regulate their emotions
Different types of play
Solitary play – a child plays alone, unaware of any other children nearby
Onlooker Play – a child watches other children play
Parallel Play – children play with similar objects in similar ways but not together
Associative Play – children interact, sharing material, but their play is not reciprocal
Cooperative Play – children play, creating dramas or taking turns
Rough & Tumble Play - play that mimics aggression through wrestling, chasing, or hitting, but in which there is no intent to harm
Socio Dramatic Play - pretend play in which children act out variou roles and themes in stories that they create
Baumrind’s Parenting Styles and examples of each
Authoritarian
Permissive
Authoritative
Theories on causation of Asthma
Signs & Symptoms of ADHD
- too much stress
- inability to concentrate
- tend to have academic difficulties
- less likely to graduate high school & college
- unhappy with self & everyone
Signs & Symptoms of Autism
- very inadequate social understanding
- repetitive to restrictive patterns of behavior
- may line up toys by color rather than playing with them
- fascination with trains, lights, or spinning objects
Concepts in Piaget’s Concrete Operational thought
- Piaget’s term for the ability to reason logically about direct experiences & perceptions
- 3rd stage in Piaget’s stages of development
Classification
Logical principle that things can be organized into groups, categories, or classes according to some characteristics they have in common
Seriation
Concept that things can arranged into logical series, like number sequence or alphabetical
Control Processes
Mechanisms that combine memory, processing speed, and knowledge to regulate the analysis of flow of information within the information-processing system
Metacognition
“thinking about thinkin”
or the ability to evaluate a cognitive task in order to determine how best to accomplish it & then to monitor & adjust one’s performance on that task
Executive function
Skills that include the ability to focus and pay attention, remember instructions, and demonstrate self-control
Concepts related to Industry VS Inferiority
6-11
Child works to master new skills or develops a feeling of inferiority unable to do anything well
Social Comparison
Behavior where the child compares certain aspects of themself to other people in order to have better assessment of self
Symptoms of RAD
RAD - Reactive Attachment Disorder
- unexplained withdrawal, fear, or sadness
- sad appearance
- not seeking comfort & not showing a response when comfort is given
- failure to smile
- watching others closely but not engaging
- failing to ask for support or assistance
- failing to reach out when picked up
- no interest in peek-a-boo or other interactive games
Symptoms of Dysphoric Mood Disorder
- irritability
- guilt, anger
- feeling of failure
- discontent/dissatisfaction
- feeling overwhelmed
- aggression
- lack of pleasure in daily activities
- stress
Helicopter Parenting
Lawnmower Parenting
Helicopter - parents too involved
Lawnmower - parents “mow down”or eliminate all challenges for their child
Identify Gardner’s multiple intelligences
- Linguistic
- Logical/Mathematical
- Spatial
- Bodily Kinesthetic
- Musical
- Interpersonal
- Intrapersonal
- Naturalist
