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World History 2 > Final pt . 1 > Flashcards

Final pt . 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

notable points about Queen Elizabeth’s reign

A

became queen at age 25

generally worked well with Parliament

was pragmatic

brought religious peace via the Elizabethan Settlement –but not enough reform for Puritans

she never married (close c. 3 times) –thus upon her death left no direct heir

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2
Q

defeat of the Spanish armada

A

SP’s Philip II could regard military action as a holy crusade against the “heretical”/“illegitimate” queen

in the journey around Scotland/IRL –the Armada is wrecked (bad weather)

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3
Q

what was the high point during queen Elizabeth 1’s reign

A

Elizabeth’s words at Tilbury

presided over the Armada’s defeat

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4
Q

Charles 1 of England

A

dissolved Parliament numerous times & ruled without it for 11 years

Charles attempted to impose the Anglican liturgy on Scotland–the Scots rebelled

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5
Q

English civil war

A

Charles I recalled Parliament –it demanded rights –he dissolved it & attempted to arrest leaders

this led to the outbreak of civil war between forces of the King & Parliament

the first civil war ends –Charles escapes to Scotland –he then forges a deal with the Scots …

victorious force: Oliver Cromwell

Charles is captured, brought to trial

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6
Q

new model army

A

led by oliver cromwell

victorious in the english civil war

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7
Q

The restoration

A

Charles 2 now king

Charles had lived in exile in FR

was invited back to restore the English throne

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8
Q

William and Mary

A

ruled during the glorious revolution

invited by English noblemen to invade

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9
Q

Oliver Cromwell

A

rule called the interegnum

rule was the time between kings

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10
Q

Parliament’s political supremacy

A

William and Mary acknowledged this by passing the bill of rights

monarch cannot unilaterally make/suspend laws

frequent sessions

power of the purse

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11
Q

East Indies

A

Indonesia

spices

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12
Q

West india

A

Caribbean

sugar, tobacco, slaves

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13
Q

textiles

A

material made from thread or yarn that is woven, matted, or knotted

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14
Q

Cottage Industry/Domestic System

A

rural people desired extra income

urban entrepreneurs would furnish raw materials &basic tools then return later to collect finished products

set the stage (later) for the Industrial Revolution

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15
Q

Jean Colbert

A

finance minister for Louis 14

embraced mercantilism

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16
Q

mercantilism

A

goal is to increase national wealth

the nation is viewed as the economic player, not individuals

state regulation of industry & commerce is necessary

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17
Q

colonialism/colonization

A

the colony furnishes raw materials and the “mother” country produces finished goods

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18
Q

absolutism

A

all power concentrated in the hands of the ruler

no constitution or legislature

in theory, there were no limits on the ruler’s power

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19
Q

Versailles

A

displayed the wealth, power, decadence of the king

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20
Q

Mazarin

A

defeated the french nobles in the Fronde

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21
Q

richelieu

A

the architect of French absolutism

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22
Q

consolidation of royal power in France

A

Richelieu & Mazarin had consolidated power in the king’s hands at the expense of the nobility

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23
Q

Misery of the 95%

A

or the great majority of French people, Absolutism meant a decline in living standards

a significant increase in mortality rates

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24
Q

Edict of Nantes

A

300K Protestants left France

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25
Q

War of Spanish succession

A

cost France territory/ prestige, also a huge debt

1st demonstration of the“balance of power” concept in Europe

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26
Q

Raison d’etat

A

reason of state

Richelieu’s principle

supersedes any moral violations

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27
Q

7 year’s war

A

fought in three locations: North America, Europe & India

essentially the first world war

France battled Britain for supremacy

Peace of Paris was the end

28
Q

results of the 7 year’s war

A

Prussia gained international prestige, considered a major European power

France largely expelled from N. America

Britain secured colonies of the NA, eastern seaboard, much of Canada, sections of India

29
Q

Romanovs

A

dynasty depended on serfdom

middle class was tiny

30
Q

naturalism

A

excludes consideration of the supernatural or spiritual

only takes into account natural elements/forces

one level of reality

31
Q

Francis Bacon

A

advocated an inductive methodology grounded in experience

scientist should be a collector of facts

inductive reasoning

32
Q

Rene Decartes

A

asserted that all knowledge is the product of clear reasoning based on self-evident premises

deductive reasoning

33
Q

Inductive reasoning

A

a conclusion based on a set of observations

34
Q

deductive reasoning

A

a conclusion based on previously known facts

35
Q

Galileo

A

advocated heliocentrism

was basically silenced by the Inquisition & put under house arrest

The Inquisition condemned the Copernican system & forbade Galileo from teaching it as fact

36
Q

Newton

A

scientific genius & deeply religious thinker

his theology clearly heretical at points

37
Q

Adam Smith

A

laissez-faire

leave the market to its own devices

his thoughts represent the a challenge to the mercantilist approach

38
Q

laissez-faire

A

to let do

39
Q

Salons

A

mostly found in Paris, often run by women

evening receptions for discussion

a gathering where men/women could educate themselves & openly discuss ideas

40
Q

Deists

A

individuals whose god was the great architect/clock maker that created the universe and then withdrew from it

leaving humans to act within it, guided only by the light of reason

41
Q

Enlightenment

A

Age of Reason

international philosophical movement that stressed human reason&criticized monarchial/clerical absolutists

in this age, human reason became the “best” method for learning truth

reached its full expression in France

42
Q

Enlightenment outlook on life

A

what Christians saw as the effects of sin in a fallen world, Enlightenment thinkers saw as the corruption of naturally good people by history, poor education, & faulty institutions

Enlightenment thinkers believed in progress, people using reason could correct faulty institutions, create utopia

Enlightenment based its optimism on the illusion that humans are good

43
Q

Causes of the French Revolution

A

immediate cause: practical bankruptcy of the state

other causes: poor administration

inefficient and unjust tax system

clergy and nobility did not pay their fair share

44
Q

Estates General

A

France’s representative assembly

45
Q

Jacobins

A

faction in the French National Convention

more willing to listen to the economic & political demands of the sans-culottes

46
Q

Trafalgar

A

site of Napoleon’s first defeT

47
Q

Admiral Nelson

A

defeated Napoleon at Trafalgar

48
Q

Waterloo

A

site of Napoleon’s final defeat

49
Q

the Duke of wellington

A

defeated Napoleon at Waterloo

50
Q

Estates in France

A

1st: church
2nd: Nobles
3rd: Commoners

51
Q

Liberalism

A

outlook attaching supreme importance to safeguarding the freedom of the individual

52
Q

Urbanization

A

accelerated by industrialization

53
Q

socialism

A

system of social & economic organization in which the means of production are owned not by private individuals, but by the community, in order that all may share more fairly in the wealth produced

54
Q

Romanticism

A

movement in the arts/literature that originated in the late 18th century

55
Q

Dialectic

A

Thesis-Antithesis-Synthesis

idea of Hegel

this mechanism explains the totality of experience –how one comprehends history: past/present/future

56
Q

Marxism (goal and outcome)

A

seizure of power by the working class and the destruction of capitalism

capitalist system would eventually be replaced by a communist society

57
Q

Marxism (observations and critiques)

A

economic forces alone will not explain all of history

in no country where communist revolutionaries seized power have people achieved the liberty that Marx desired

58
Q

Nationalism

A

a conscious bond shared by people who feel attached to a particular land & possess a common language, culture, & history

59
Q

Italian unification

A

more a union of provinces than a single country

60
Q

Kaiser William 2

A

supported building a navy to rival GB

DT now dominated industrial & weaponry production

61
Q

Bismark

A

Iron Chancellor

united Germany

62
Q

Franco-Prussian war

A

French forces decisively defeated

completed unification of Germany

began 2nd reich

63
Q

Queen Victoria

A

began rule at age 18

64
Q

Great Britain and suffrage

A

gave voting rights to middle class men & distributed parliamentary seats on a more fair basis

65
Q

Boxer Rebellion

A

anti-Western uprising and a bid to restore Qing Dynasty

66
Q

Welfare state

A

state that takes responsibility for the health/subsistence of its citizens

World History 2 (6 decks)

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