Final - Presbyterianism Flashcards
What was the Scottish disruption of 1843?
The Disruption of 1843, also known as the Great Disruption was a schism or division within the established Church of Scotland, in which 450 evangelical ministers of the church broke away, over whether the church or the state is the ultimate arbiter of its clerical appointments and benefits, to form the Free Church of Scotland. It came at the end of a bitter conflict within the established church and had major effects on the church and upon Scottish civic life.
Who was Horatius Boner?
Horatius Bonar (1808-1889), a contemporary and acquaintance of Robert Murray M’cheyne was a Scottish churchman and poet. He is principally remembered as a prodigious hymnodist. Friends knew him as Horace Bonar. He came from a long line of ministers who served a total of 364 years in the Church of Scotland. One of eleven children, his brothers John James and Andrew Alexander were also ministers of the Free Church of Scotland He married Jane Catherine Lundie in 1843 and five of their young children died in succession. Towards the end of their lives, one of their surviving daughters was left a widow with five small children and she returned to live with her parents.
Who was Francis Makemie?
Francis Makemie (1658–1708), was an Ulster Scots clergyman, considered to be the founder of Presbyterianism in United States of America. Makemie was born in Ramelton, County Donegal, part of the Province of Ulster in the north of Ireland. He attended the University of Glasgow, where he underwent a religious conversion and enrolled as “Franciscus Makemus Scoto-Hyburnus”. He went on to become a clergyman and be ordained by the Presbytery of Laggan, in West Ulster, in 1681.
Ten years after emigrating to America in 1682, as discussed below, Makemie married Naomi Anderson, the daughter of a successful Maryland businessman and landowner. Francis and Naomi had two daughters, Anne and Elizabeth.
When was the first Presbyterian church established?
It was established by Francis Makemie in 1706.
When and where does the first Presbytery meet?
In Philadelphia in 1706.
What is a Presbytary?
It’s a regional gathering of church Elders.
What is a Presbyterian Synod?
It is a meeting of several regional Presbyteries.
When was the first Presbyterian Synod?
In 1716. It was held in Philadelphia comprised of NY, Philadelphia, and Long Island Presbyteries.
What was the Robert Cross affair about?
Robert Cross, Presbyterian Pastor was accused of Fornication and his case was sent to the first Presbyterian Synod in Philadelphia. Cross was banned from the pulpit for 4 Sundays by the Synod.
What are the main functions of a Synod?
To develop norms on thins such as how to evaluate young ministers, transfers, requirements for new ministers, confessions, creeds, and beliefs.
Who was Jonathan Dickinson?
Jonathan Dickinson (April 22, 1688 – October 7, 1747) , was a Congregational, later Presbyterian, minister, a leader in the Great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s, and a co-founder and first president of the College of New Jersey, which later became Princeton University. The Great Awakening that started in the 1730s profoundly changed religion in the American colonies. The Presbyterians were divided into “New Sides” and “Old Sides”, supporters and opponents, respectively, of the great revival meetings and the fervent preaching that accompanied them. Dickinson was a moderate “New Sider”, supporting the revivals while opposing their more violent excess. His pulpit oratory was centered on “temperance and harmony” and “devoid of antagonizing divisions, but which at the same time was appealing and innovative”.[2] In 1738, Dickinson joined with other “New Siders” to form the Presbytery of New York. When the Presbytery of New Brunswick was expelled from the Synod of Philadelphia over its support for the more extreme “New Siders” in 1741, Dickinson and others tried to negotiate a reconciliation. In 1745 the Presbytery of New York withdrew from the Synod of Philadelphia and joined with the Presbytery of New Brunswick to form the Synod of New York. Dickinson was elected the first moderator of the new synod. In general, Dickinson “longed for an experimental and vital religion but not at the expense of social and religious order
What was the adopting act of 1729?
The Adopting Act of 1729 is an act of the Synod of Philadelphia that made the Westminster Standards, particularly the Westminster Confession of Faith, the official confessional statements for Presbyterian churches in colonial America.
When was the old side/new side split?
This was in 1741. Old Presbyterians were complaining about the new awakening. Whitefield and Tennent would seize congregations for more “awakened” ones.
Who was William Tennant?
William Tennent was probably born in Scotland, though he may have been born in Ireland. He earned an MA from the University of Edinburgh in 1695 and was later ordained as a Presbyterian minister. In 1701 he moved to Northern Ireland to serve as a minister. After a few years, Tennent left the Presbyterian church to join the Church of Ireland—the Irish version of the established Church of England.
In 1718 Tennent, his wife Katherine, and their five children moved from Ireland to the British colonies in North America. There he again became a Presbyterian. Tennent ministered for a few years in New York and then secured a permanent position as pastor of two churches in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Like many frontier clergymen, he split his time between multiple churches in order to minister to scattered settlers.
Tennent made his most important contribution as an educator. Having already taught his sons, in 1735 he bought land and established a school for ministers in Neshaminy, Pennsylvania. Some derided the school as a “Log College,” but Tennent provided a fine ministerial education. Tennent was following the tradition of Presbyterians in Northern Ireland who, because non-Anglicans were barred from the universities, had long run their own schools for ministers. Tennent’s Log College was influential in that it provided a model for later institutions, including similar log colleges and the College of New Jersey (later Princeton). But perhaps more important, Tennent’s school became a training ground for the ministers who would preach the revivals that made up the Great Awakening. From Tennent’s preaching and teaching they learned to emphasize personal conversion—an inner work of grace in the heart—a doctrine they would preach during the Awakening.
What were the 4 main factors for pro-revival taking root?
- Creation of a divide. Old vs. New.
- Awakening ministers were to target vacant churches.
- Low view of education.
- Low view of confessional subscription.
