Final Prep - PennHIP

Question 1

_________ is the cartilaginous surface of the end of a bone, which contributed to function of a joint

Answer 1

Articular Cartilage

Question 2

What is another name for Osteroarthritis and what does it mean?

Answer 2

Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD) is degeneration/breakdown of the articular cartilage, hypertrophy of the bone and changes in the synovial membrane and joint capsule

Question 3

What is Joint laxity? Why is this important?

Answer 3

Amount of looseness in a joint. Generally, the more laxity, the greater the potential for DJD

Question 4

Another term for dislocation is ______

Answer 4

luxation

Question 5

Compare Passive Hip Laxity and Functional Hip Laxity.

Answer 5

Passive - relative looseness of the hip joint as measured in the sedated dog, with no active muscle or weight bearing.
Functional - pathological form of laxity occuring during weight bearing

Question 6

What is CHD?

Answer 6

Chronic Hip Dysplasia, abormal development of the hip

Question 7

Excessive wear of the hips can lead to the development of arthritis which can lead to ________

Answer 7

DJD/Osteoarthritis

Question 8

Are dogs with hip dysplasia born with hip dysplasia?

Answer 8

No, HD is genetic, not congenital. They develop HD between 6 and 24 months

Question 9

How old is a dog generally if they show symptoms of the severe form of Hip Dysplasia

Answer 9

5-12 months

Question 10

What are 3 symptoms of Severe Hip Dysplasia?

Answer 10

Abnormal gait, bunny-hoping when running, thigh muscle atrophy, pain, low exercise tolerance, reluctance to climb stairs

Question 11

How old must a dog be to be OFA hip certified?

Answer 11

2 years

Question 12

How old must a dog be to be GDC hip certified?

Answer 12

12 months

Question 13

How old must a dog be to be OVC hip certified?

Answer 13

18 months

Question 14

What is the main objective of PennHIP?

Answer 14

To reduce the frequency of Canine Hip Dysplasia

Question 15

____% of Shepherds have Chronic Hip Dysplasia

Answer 15

23

Question 16

What are the 3 major advantages of the PennHIP system?

Answer 16

1. Ability to identify dogs that are not at risk to develop DJD
2. Predict those dogs that are going to develop DJD
3. Evaluate dogs earliest, as young as 16 weeks

Question 17

PennHIP looks at the relationship between the ______ hip laxity and expression of Degenerative Joint Disease

Answer 17

Passive

Question 18

Chronic Hip Dysplasia with coxofemoral instability along with rapid growth and weight gain translates to:

Answer 18

Degenerative Joint Disease

Question 19

The hip is a ball and sacket joint where the ______ is the ball and the ______ is the socket

Answer 19

Femoral head, acetabulum

Question 20

What is the joint capsule?

Answer 20

Envelope that surrounds the joint from the neck of the femur to the pelvic bones and is filled with viscous, lubricating fluid called synovial fluid

Question 21

_______ is the most common inherited orthopedic condition

Answer 21

Chronic Hip Dysplasia

Question 22

PennHIP uses the DI or _________ scoring system

Answer 22

Diagnostic Index

Question 23

What are the 3 views for PennHIP radiographs?

Answer 23

Standard, Compression or Distraction

Question 24

The Standard PennHIP view is used to __________ while the Compression and Distraction views are used to __________

Answer 24

Diagnose osteoarthritis, obtain accurate and precise measurements of joint laxity and conformation

Question 25

What are the 5 criteria for a PennHIP radiograph (Standard view)?

Answer 25

1. Labelled 2. Femurs parellel 3. Patellae between femoral condyles 4. Symmetry (wings of ilia, obturator foramen, acetabulum, sacroiliac joints) 5. Include entire pelvis, femurs and stifles

Question 26

For the Compression view, the beam is centered over the ______

Answer 26

midline between both hips

Question 27

True or false: For the compression view, you grab the hocks so the tibias are parallel to the table and to each other, and the stifles are in approximate 90 degree flexion

Answer 27

True

Question 28

True or false: For the compression view, the entire pelvis, hips and stifles need to be included.

Answer 28

False. The hips and stifles are required, but entire pelvis is not.

Question 29

What is the difference between the Distraction and Compression views?

Answer 29

The distraction view requires a "distractor" between the rear legs with the rod spacing adjusted approximately equal to the distance between femoral heads

Question 30

The Distractor Rods are able to help predict _________

Answer 30

susceptibility to develop Hip Dysplasia/DJD

Question 31

Distraction Index is an indication of what?

Answer 31

The percent out of a joint that the femoral head is displaced from the acetabulum

Question 32

A DI close to 0 means it is =

Answer 32

tight

Question 33

A DI close to 1 means it is =

Answer 33

loose

Question 34

A Distraction Index of 0.58 means the femoral head comes out of the joint by ______%

Answer 34

58

Question 35

For the distraction view, the animal does not need to be sedated. (T or F)

Answer 35

False. For all PennHIP rads, the patient must be deeply sedated in order to relax musculature needed to properly diagnose

Question 36

A ball and socket joint such as the hip has the ability to rotate in what 3 orthogonal axes?

Answer 36

1. Flexion/extension (back and forth) 2. Adduction/abduction (medial and lateral) 3. Internal/external rotation (toe in/toe out(

Question 37

More synovial joint fluid means _______ hip laxity (more or less)

Answer 37

more

Question 38

Why does the Standard Hip-extendid view tend to hide true hip joint laxity?

Answer 38

Because the joint capsule is wound up into a tightened orientation when the hips are exntended.