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Orthopedic Diagnosis Lab > Final Practical Ortho Tests > Flashcards

Final Practical Ortho Tests Flashcards

1
Q

Dugas Test

A

P: Inability to touch the opposite shoulder and/or inability of the elbow to touch the chest.
I: Acute dislocation of the shoulder. (glenohumeral joint).

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2
Q

Anterior Apprehension Test

A

P: Pt will have a noticeable look of apprehension or alarm on their face with possible pain.
I: Chronic anterior dislocation of the shoulder (glenohumeral joint.)

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3
Q

Posterior Apprehension Test

A

P: Pt will have a noticeable look of apprehension or alarm on their face with possible pain.
I: Chronic posterior dislocation of the shoulder (glenohumeral joint)

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4
Q

Codman Drop Arm Test

A

P: Pt will not be able to lower the arm slowly or the arm drops suddenly.
I: Rotator cuff tear, usually supraspinatus.

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5
Q

Dawbarn Test

A

P: Decrease in pain and/or tenderness.
I: Subacromial bursitis.

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6
Q

Yergason Test

A

P: Localized pain and/or tenderness at the bicipital groove.
I: Bicipital tendinitis.

P: Audible click or the biceps tendon subluxes or dislocates.
I: Instability of the biceps tendon possibly associated with a torn transverse humeral ligament.

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7
Q

Abbott-Saunders Test

A

P: Palpable and/or audible click.
I: Subluxation or dislocation of the biceps tendon, rupture of transverse ligament or tendon subluxation beneath subscapularis muscle belly.

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8
Q

Speed Test

A

P: Pain and/or tenderness in the bicipital groove.
I: Bicipital tendinitis.

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9
Q

Medial Collateral Ligament Test Elbow

A

P: Excessive gapping and pain.
I: Medial collateral ligament instability.

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10
Q

Lateral Collateral Ligament Test Elbow

A

P: Excessive gapping and pain.
I: Lateral collateral ligament instability.

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11
Q

Tinel Elbow Sign

A

P: Pain and/or tenderness at the site being tapped and paresthesia in the ulnar nerve distribution area (fingers 4,5)
I: Neuroma of the ulnar nerve.

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12
Q

Cozen Test

A

P: Pain over the lateral epicondyle.
I: Lateral epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)

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13
Q

Mills Test

A

P: Pain over the lateral epicondyle.
I: Lateral epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)

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14
Q

Golfer Elbow Test

A

P: Pain over the medial epicondyle.
I: Medial epicondylitis.

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15
Q

Tinel Wrist Sign

A

P: Reproduction of pain, tenderness and/or paresthesia in the median nerve distribution area (fingers 1,2,3, lateral half of 4)
I: Median neuritis, possibly Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

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16
Q

Phalen Sign

A

P: Reproduction of pain and/or paresthesia in the median nerve distribution area (1,2,3, lateral half of 4)
I: Median neuritis, possibly Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

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17
Q

Reverse Phalen Sign (Prayer Sign)

A

P: Reproduction of pain and/or paresthesia in the median nerve distribution area (1,2,3, lateral half of 4)
I: Median neuritis, possibly Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

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18
Q

Finkelstein Test

A

P: Pain distal to the radial styloid process.
I: Stenosing tenosynovitis of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons (DeQuervain’s Disease).

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19
Q

Bunnel-Littler Test

A

P: Flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joint cannot be achieved.
I: Joint capsule contracture.

P: Flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joint is achieved.
I: tight intrinsic muscles

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20
Q

Retinacular Test

A

P: Flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint cannot be achieved.
I: Joint capsule contracture

P: Flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint is achieved.
I: Tight retinacular ligament.

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21
Q

Allen Test

A

P: A delay of more than 10 seconds (Evans 5 sec) in returning a reddish color to the hand.
I: Radial or ulnar artery insufficiency. The artery held by the examiner is not the artery being tested.

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22
Q

Foraminal Compression Test

A

P: Exacerbation of localized cervical pain.
I: Foraminal encroachment or facet pathology without nerve root compression.

P: Exacerbation of cervical pain with a radicular component.
I: Foraminal encroachment or facet pathology with nerve root compression.

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23
Q

Cervical Distraction Test

A

P: Diminished or absence of localized cervical pain.
I: Foraminal encroachment.

P: Diminished or absence of radicular pain.
I: Nerve root compression.

P: Increase of cervical pain.
I: Muscular strain, ligamentous sprain, myospasm, facet capsulitis.

24
Q

Shoulder Depression

A

P: localized pain on the side being tested.
I: Dural sleeve adhesion, muscular adhesion/contracture, or spasm, or ligamentous injury.

P: Radicular pain on side being tested.
I: Neurovascular bundle compression, dural sleeve adhesions, or Thoracic Outlet Syndrome.

P: Radicular pain on opposite side being tested.
I: Foraminal encroachment with nerve root compression.

25
Q

Valsalva Maneuver

A

P: Radiating pain from site of lesion (usually recreating the complaint in cervical or lumbar area of the spine).
I: Space occupying lesion (i.e. disc pathology).

26
Q

Swallowing Test

A

P: Difficulty in swallowing.
I: Space-occupying lesion at anterior portion of cervical spine. Possibly esophageal or pharyngeal injury, anterior disc defect, muscle spasm or osteophytes etc.

27
Q

Soto-Hall Sign

A

P: Generalized pain in the cervical region, which may extend down to the level of T2.
I: Non-specific test for structural integrity of cervical region.

28
Q

Kernig Sign

A

P: Inability to fully extend the leg and/or pain (usually in the neck region).
I: Meningeal irritation/meningitis.

29
Q

Spinal Percussion Test

A

P: Local pain.
I: Possible fractured vertebrae, ligamentous involvement (spinous pain), and muscular involvement (muscular pain).

P: Radiating pain.
I: Possible disc pathology.

30
Q

O’Donoghue Maneuver

A

P: Pain during passive range of motion.
I: Ligamentous sprain (passive ROM stresses ligaments).

P: Pain during resisted range of motion.
I: Muscle/tendon strain (active ROM stresses muscles and tendons).

31
Q

Hoover Sign

A

Pt supine, examiner instructs pt to life affected leg while examiner has hand under heel of non-affected leg.

P: Lack of counter-pressure on the healthy side.
I: Lack of organic basis for paralysis (Malingering/hysteria). With organic hemiplegia, the pt will still exert downward pressure when attempting to raise paralyzed leg.

32
Q

Straight Leg Raiser

A

P: Radiating pain and/or dull posterior thigh pain.
I: Sciatic radiculopathy or tight hamstrings. Positive between 35-70* = possible discogenic sciatic radiculopathy. >70* = tight hamstrings.

33
Q

Goldthwait Sign

A

Pt supine, examiner has fingers under interspinous spaces of lumbar, SLR each leg.

P: Localized pain, low back or radiating pain down the leg.
I: Lumbo-sacral or sacroiliac pathology. Pain occurring after the lumbar spinouses move = possible lumbo-sacral problem. Pain occurring before the lumbars move = possible sacroiliac problem.

34
Q

Bragard Sign

A

SLR, lower 5 degrees or until pain stops.

P: Radiating pain in posterior thigh.
I: Sciatic radiculopathy.

35
Q

Buckling Sign

A

SLR, knee buckles.

P: Pain in the posterior thigh with sudden knee flexion.
I: sciatic radiculopathy.

36
Q

Bowstring Sign

A

Pt supine, examiner has leg on shoulder, pushes into muscle belly, tendons, popliteal fossa.

P: Pain in the lumbar region or radiculopathy.
I: Sciatic nerve root compression, helps rule out tight hamstrings.

37
Q

Lasegue Test

A

Pt supine. Hip and leg bent to 90. Slowly extend the knee.

P: Reproduction of sciatic pain before 60*
I: Sciatica.

38
Q

Milgram Test

A

Pt supine, examiner raises legs 2-3 inches, has pt hold position.

P: Inability to perform test and/or low back pain.
I: Weak abdominal muscles or space occupying lesion.

39
Q

Bechterew Test

A

Pt seated, extend on knee at a time then together.

P: Reproduction of readicular pain or inability to perform correctly due to tripod sign.
I: Sciatic radiculopathy.

40
Q

Leg Length Discrepancy

A

Pt supine. Mesure from ipsilateral ASIS to medial malleolus, both sides. Measure from umbilicus to medial malleolus of both legs.

P: Different measurements.
I: True = bony abnormality above or below level of trochanter difference (anatomical short leg). Apparent = pelvic obliquity (Tilted pelvis).

41
Q

Anvil Test

A

Pt supine. Examiner elevates affected leg, knee extended, makes a fist and strikes the affected leg’s inferior calcaneus.

P: Localized pain in long bone or in hip joint.
I: Possible fracture of long bones, or hip joint pathology.

42
Q

Patrick Test (Faber Sign)

A

Pt supine, figure 4 position of the leg, extends the hip by pushing proximal to the knee while stabilizing contralateral ASIS.

P: Pain in the hip region.
I: Hip joint pathology.

43
Q

Laguerre Test

A

Laguerre is Faber in the air.

P: Pain in the hip joint.
I: Hip joint pathology.

P: Pain in the sacroiliac joint.
I: Mechanical problem of the sacroiliac joint.

44
Q

Hibb Test

A

Pt prone, stabilize pelvis on same side while grasping the opposite ankle, flex leg to 90*, internally rotate the leg.

P: Pain in the hip region.
I: Hip joint pathology.

P: Pain in the buttock/pelvic region.
I: Sacroiliac joint lesion.

45
Q

Pelvic Rock Test (Iliac Compression Test)

A

Pt on side. Both hands on lateral portion of ilium, push down and rock.

P: Pain in either sacroiliac joint.
I: Sacroiliac joint lesion.

46
Q

Trendelenburg Test

A

Pt stands on one foot, observe level of hips.

P: High iliac crest on supported side and low crest on side of elevated leg.
I: Weak gluteus medius muscle on the supported side.

47
Q

McMurray Sign

A

Knee at 90*, externally rotate ankle with forearm, apply force lateral to medial on knee, extend the knee. Repeat with internal rotation and medial to lateral force.

P: Clicking sound or pain by knee joint.
I: Tear of medial meniscus if positive on external rotation. Tear of lateral meniscus if positive on internal rotation. the higher the leg is raised during extension when positive is elicited, the more posterior the meniscal injury.

48
Q

Medial Collateral Ligament Test Knee

A

Pt supine, stabilize lateral thigh, grasp proximal to medial ankle, push lateral.

P: Gapping and/or elicited pain above/at/or below joint line.
I: Torn medial collateral ligament.

49
Q

Lateral Collateral Ligament Test Knee

A

Pt supine, stabilize medial thigh, grasp proximal to lateral ankle, push medial.

P: Gapping an/or elicited pain above/at/or below joint line.
I: Torn lateral collateral ligament.

50
Q

Apley Compression Test

A

Pt prone, flex knee to 90*, stabilize thigh with knee, put downward pressure into tibia in neutral, internally and externally rotated.

P: Patient points to side of pain.
I: Pain on medial side is medial meniscus tear. Pain on lateral side indicates lateral meniscus tear.

51
Q

Apley Distraction Test

A

Pt prone, flex knee to 90*, stabilize thigh with knee, put upward pressure into tibia in neutral, internally and externally rotated.

P: Patient points to side of pain.
I: Pain on medial side is medial meniscus tear. Pain on lateral side indicates lateral meniscus tear.

52
Q

Drawer Sign

A

Pt seated. Grasp proximal to ankle with one hand and grasp calcaneus in other hand. Pull calcaneus anterior and push tibia posterior, then push calcaneus posterior and pull tibia anterior.

P: Translation with the talus moving away from or toward the tibia.
I: With tibia pushed/foot pulled; a tear/instability of the anterior talofibular ligament. Wit tibia pulled/foot pushed; a tear/instability of posterior talofibular ligament.

53
Q

Ankle Dorsiflexion Test

A

Pt seated, examiner tries to dorsiflex foot, first with knee extended, then again with knee flexed.

P: The foot cannot dorsiflex with knee extended, but is able to with knee flexed.
I: Contracture of the gastrocnemius muscle.

P: The foot cannot dorsiflex in either knee position.
I: Contracture of the soleus muscle.

54
Q

Rigid or Supple Flat Feet Test

A

Pt seated then stands. Examiner palpates arch of foot.

P: Absence of medial longitudinal arch in both positions.
I: Rigid flat feet.

P: Presence of medial longitudinal arch while seated with a loss of medial longitudinal arch while standing.
I: Supple flat feet.

55
Q

Homans Sign

A

Pt supine, raise legs 12” off table, knee in extension. Dorsiflex foot.

“Some sources say to squeeze the calf, others warn against it due to danger of releasing DVT”
P: Deep pain in the calf.
I: Deep vein thrombophlebitis.

56
Q

Thompson Test

A

Pt prone, leg at 90*. Squeeze belly of calf.

P: Absence of foot plantarflexion motion.
I: Achilles tendon rupture.

57
Q

Morton Test

A

Pt supine, grasp affected forefoot in sandwich and apply transverse pressure.

P: Sharp pain in the forefoot.
I: Metatarsalgia or neuroma (usually at the 3rd and 4th metatarsal interspace).

Orthopedic Diagnosis Lab (6 decks)

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