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Arthrology > Final OP > Flashcards

Final OP Flashcards

1
Q

Intervertebral

A

Structural: Cartilaginous Symphysis
Funtional: Amphiarthrosis
Articular surface: Inferior body of superior vertebra articulates with superior body of inferior vertebraand intervertebral disc.
Movements: Slight movement
Axis: Unclassified
2 Muscles: Spinalis, Multifidus
1 Nerve: Cervical Plexus
2 ligaments: Anterior Longitudinal Ligament, Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
2 Pathologies: Disc Herniation, Sciatica
Closed Pack: Extension

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2
Q

Zygapophyseal

A

Structural: Synovial Planar
Funtional: Diarthrosis
Articular surface: Between superior articular facets and inferior articular facets of adjacent vertebra
Movements: Small gliding movements
Axis: Uniaxial
2 Muscles: Spinalis, Multifidus
1 Nerve: Cervical Plexus
2 ligaments: Anterior Longitudinal Ligament, Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
2 Pathologies: Disc Herniation, Sciatica
Closed Pack: Full extension

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3
Q

Sacroilliac

A

Structural:
Anterior: Synovial Planar
Posterior: Fibrous Syndesmosis
Funtional:
Anterior: Diarthrotic
Posterior: Amphiarthrotic
Articular surface: convex Ilia articulates with concave Sacrum articular surface of ilium covered with articular fibrocartilage and sacrum is covered with hyaline cartilage
Movements: Slight movement - Nutation and Counternutation
Axis: Uniaxial
2 Muscles: Piriformis, Gluteus Maximus
1 Nerve: Sacral Plexus
2 ligaments: Anterior sacroiliac ligament, posterior sacroiliac ligament
2 Pathologies: SI joint disfunction, SI joint irritation
Closed Pack: Full nutation

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4
Q

Sacrococcygeal

A

Structural: Cartilaginous Symphysis
Funtional: Amphiarthrosis
Articular surface: Base of coccyx articulates with apex of Sacrum
Movements: Slight movements
Axis: Unclassified
2 Muscles: Piriformis, Gluteus Maximus
1 Nerve: Sacral Plexus
2 ligaments: Anterior and Posterior Sacrococcygeal
2 Pathologies: Coccyx sublaxation, coccyx fracture
Closed Pack: N/A

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5
Q

Pubic Symphysis

A

Structural: Cartilaginous Symphysis
Funtional: Amphiarthrotic
Articular surface: Right pubic body with left pubic body, symphyseal surfaces of pubis. Articular surfaces covered in hyaline cartilage.
Movements: Gliding
Axis: Unclassified
2 Muscles: Rectus Abdominis, External Obliques
1 Nerve: Sacral Plexus
2 ligaments: Anterior and Posterior Pubic ligament
2 Pathologies: Pelvic frature, Widened Pubic Symphysis
Closed Pack: N/A

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6
Q

Costovertebral

A

Structural: Synovial Planar
Funtional: Diarthrotic
Articular surface: head of ribs 2-9, articulates with a superior costal facet of the thoracic vertebra of the same number, the inferior costal facet of vertebrae above, and the intervertebral disc between the two vertebrae. Ribs 1, 10, 11 & 12 each
articulate with a single vertebra.
Movements: Gliding
Axis: Uniaxial
2 Muscles: External and Internal Intercostals
1 Nerve: Intercostal nerves
2 ligaments: Radiate ligament of head of rib, Intra-articular ligament
2 Pathologies: Rib fracture, Hyperkyphosis
Closed Pack:

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7
Q

Costotransverse

A

Structural: Synovial Planar
Funtional: Diarthrotic
Articular surface: Costal tubercle articulates with the transverse process of the vertebra of the same number. Present in ribs 1-10
Movements: Gliding
Axis: Uniaxial
2 Muscles: External and Internal Intercostals
1 Nerve: Intercostal Nerves
2 ligaments: Costotransverse ligaments, Lateral Costotransverse ligaments
2 Pathologies: Rib fracture, Hyperkyphosis
Closed Pack:

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8
Q

Manubriosternal

A

Structural: Cartilaginous Symphysis
Funtional: Amphiarthrotic
Articular surface: between the inferior margin of the manubrium and the superior margin of the body of the sternum.
Movements: Flexion and Extension
Axis: Unclassified
2 Muscles: External and Internal Intercostal
1 Nerve: Intercostal nerves
2 ligaments: Manubriosternal, Radiate sternocostal
2 Pathologies: Barrel chest, pectus excavatum
Closed Pack:

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9
Q

Xiphisternal

A

Structural: Cartilaginous Symphysis
Funtional: Amphiarthrotic
Articular surface: between the superior margin of the xiphoid process and the inferior margin of the body of the sternum.
Movements: Flexion and Extension
Axis: Unclassified
2 Muscles: External and Internal Intercostals
1 Nerve: Intercostal nerves
2 ligaments: Radiate sternocostal and intra-articular
2 Pathologies: Barrel chest, pectus excavatum
Closed Pack:

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10
Q

Costochondral

A

Structural: Cartilaginous Synchondrosis
Funtional: Synarthrosis
Articular surface: Between rib and costal cartilage
Movements: Unclassified
Axis: Unclassified
2 Muscles: External and Internal Intercostals
1 Nerve: Intercostal Nerves
2 ligaments: Radiate Sternocostal & Intra-articular ligaments
2 Pathologies: Barrel chest and Pectus Excavatum
Closed Pack:N/A

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11
Q

Sternocostal Rib 1

A

Structural: Cartilaginous Sychondrosis
Funtional: Synarthrosis
Articular surface: costal cartilage to the costal notch of the manubrium for rib 1
Movements: Slight gliding
Axis: Unclassified
2 Muscles: Internal and External Intercostals
1 Nerve: Intercostal nerves
2 ligaments: Radiate sternocostal and intra-articular ligametns
2 Pathologies: Pectus excavatum and Barrel Chest
Closed Pack:

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12
Q

Sternocostal Ribs 2-7

A

Structural: Synovial Planar
Funtional: Diarthrotic
Articular surface: costal cartilage to the costal facets on the lateral margin of the sternum
Movements: Gliding
Axis: Uniaxial
2 Muscles: Internal and External Intercostals
1 Nerve: Intercostal nerves
2 ligaments: Radiate sternocostal and Intra-articular ligaments
2 Pathologies: Pectus Excavatum and Barrel Chest
Closed Pack:

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13
Q

Median Atlantoaxial

A

Structural: Synovial Pivot
Funtional: Diarthrotic
Articular surface: between the fovea dentalis of the atlas (C1) and the anterior articular facet of the dens (C2).
Movements: Rotation
Axis: Uniaxial
2 Muscles: Splenius Cervicis and Capitis
1 Nerve: Cervical Plexus
2 ligaments: Anterior and Posterior Atlantoaxial ligaments
2 Pathologies: Whiplash, Rheumatoid Arthritis
Closed Pack: Full extension

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14
Q

Lateral Atlantoaxial

A

Structural: Synovial Planar
Funtional: Diarthrotic
Articular surface: an inferior articulating facet of the lateral masses of the atlas (C1) to the superior articulating facet of the axis (C2).
Movements: Gliding
Axis: Uniaxial
2 Muscles: Splenius Cervicis and Capitis
1 Nerve: Cervical Plexus
2 ligaments: Anterior and Posterior Atlantooccipital membranes
2 Pathologies: Whiplash, Rheumatoid Arthritis
Closed Pack: Full extension

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15
Q

Atlantooccipital

A

Structural: Synovial Condyloid
Funtional: Diarthrotic
Articular surface: condyles of the occiput to the superior articular facets of the lateral masses of the atlas (C1).
Movements: Flexion, extension, lateral flexion, circumduction and rotation
Axis: Triaxial
2 Muscles: Splenius Cervicis and Capitis
1 Nerve: Cervical Plexus
2 ligaments: Anterior and Posterior Atlantooccipital membranes
2 Pathologies: Whiplash, Rheumatoid arthritis
Closed Pack: Full extension

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16
Q

Temporomandibular

A

Structural: Synovial Hinge
Funtional: Diarthrotic
Articular surface: the convex condyle of the mandible articulates with the concave anterior part of the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone; the articular tubercle above, and the articular disc divides the joint into two cavities
Movements: Elevation, depression, Proteaction/protrusion, retraction/retrusion, Lateral deviation
Axis: Uniaxial
2 Muscles: Mylohyoid and Masseter
1 Nerve: Trigeminal
2 ligaments: Lateral ligament and stylomandibular ligament
2 Pathologies: TMJ Disorder, Dislocation
Closed Pack: Full occlusion

17
Q

Glenohumeral

A

Structural: Synovial Ball and Socket
Funtional: Diarthrotic
Articular surface: Convex head of Humerus articulates with Concave glenoid fossa of Scapula
Movements: Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation, circumduction
Axis: Triaxial
2 Muscles: Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus
1 Nerve: Axillary
2 ligaments: Glenohumeral, Transverse
2 Pathologies: Slap tear, rotator cuff strain
Closed Pack: Maximal abduction and lateral rotation

18
Q

Acromioclavicular

A

Structural: Synovial Planar
Funtional: Diarthrotic
Articular surface: Concave acromion process of scapula articulates with the convex lateral/acromial end of clavicle
Movements: Small gliding movements
Axis: Uniaxial
2 Muscles: Deltoids, supraspinatus
1 Nerve: Axillary nerve
2 ligaments: Superior and inferior acromioclavicular
2 Pathologies: Separated shoulder,AC sprain
Closed Pack: Arm abducted to 90 degrees

19
Q

Sternoclavicular

A

Structural: Synovial double planar
Funtional: Diarthrotic
Articular surface: sternal end of the clavicle articulates with the clavicular notch of the manubrium. Incongruent articulation due to 4 articulating surfaces
Movements: elevation, depression, protration, retraction
Axis: bi or triaxial
2 Muscles: SCM and subclavius
1 Nerve: Nerve to subclavius muscle
2 ligaments: Anterior and Posterior sternoclavicular
2 Pathologies: Dislocation and fracture
Closed Pack: Maximum shoulder elevation

20
Q

Humeroulnar

A

Structural: Synovial Hinge
Funtional: Uniaxial
Articular surface: Concave trochlear notch of the ulna articulates with the convex trochlea of the humerus
Movements: Flexion, Extension
Axis: Uniaxial
2 Muscles: Brachialis, Biceps Brachii
1 Nerve: Brachial Plexus
2 ligaments: Ulnar collateral and Radial collateral
2 Pathologies: Lateral Epicondylitis, Medial Epicondylitis
Closed Pack: Extension with Supination

21
Q

Humeroradial

A

Structural: Synovial Atypical ball and socket
Funtional: Diarthrosis
Articular surface: Concave head of the radius articulates with the convex capitulum of the humerus
Movements: Flexion and Extension
Axis: Biaxial
2 Muscles: Brachialis, Biceps Brachii
1 Nerve: Brachial Plexus
2 ligaments: Ulnar and Radial Collateral
2 Pathologies: Lateral and Medial Epicondylitis
Closed Pack: 90 degrees flexion, forearm supinated to 5 degrees

22
Q

Proximal Radioulnar

A

Structural: Synovial Pivot
Funtional: Diarthrotic
Articular surface: Convex head of the radius articulates with the concave radial notch of the ulna
Movements: Pronation and Supination
Axis: Uniaxial
2 Muscles: Brachialis and Biceps Brachii
1 Nerve: Brachial Plexus
2 ligaments: Radial and Ulnar Collateral
2 Pathologies: Lateral and Medial Epicondylitis
Closed Pack: 5 degrees of supination

23
Q

Distal Radioulnar

A

Structural: Synovial Pivot
Funtional: Diarthrosis
Articular surface: Concave distal end/ulnar notch of the radius articulates with the convex head of ulna
Movements: Supination and pronation
Axis: Uniaxial
2 Muscles: Flexor carpi ulnaris, Flexor carpi radialis
1 Nerve: Median nerve
2 ligaments: Palmar and Doral radioulnar ligament
2 Pathologies: Fracture, Fall on outstretched hand
Closed Pack: 5 degrees forearm supination

24
Q

Radiocarpal

A

Structural: Synovial Ellipsoid
Funtional: Diarthrotic
Articular surface: Convex proximal ends of scaphoid and lunate articulate with the concave distal end of radius
Movements: Flexion, Extension, Radial/Ulnar Deviation
Axis: Biaxial
2 Muscles: Flexor carpi Radialis and Ulnaris
1 Nerve: Median nerve
2 ligaments: Radial collateral ligament of wrist, flexor retinaculum
2 Pathologies: Dislocation, Fracture
Closed Pack: Full extension

25
Q

Ulnomeniscotriquetral

A

Structural: Synovial Ellipsoid
Funtional: Diarthrotic
Articular surface: Convex proximal surface of the triquetrum articulates with the concave distal end of the ulna, with a meniscal disc between the two bones
Movements: Flexion, Extension, Radial/Ulnar Deviation
Axis: Biaxial
2 Muscles: Flexor Carpi Radialis/Ulnaris
1 Nerve: Ulnar
2 ligaments: Ulnar collateral ligament, Flexor Retinaculum
2 Pathologies: Dislocation, Fracture
Closed Pack: Full extension

26
Q

Intercarpals

A

Structural: Synovial Planar
Funtional: Diarthrosis
Articular surface: Scaphoid, Lunate, Pisiform, Triquetrium, Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, Trapezium
Movements: Small gliding
Axis: Uniaxial
2 Muscles: Palmar and Dorsal Interossei
1 Nerve: Median
2 ligaments: Palmar Intercarpal, Dorsal Intercarpal
2 Pathologies: Fracture, Bouchards Nodes
Closed Pack: Extension

27
Q

Carpometacarpal Digit 1

A

Structural: Synovial Saddle
Funtional: Diarthrotic
Articular surface: The base of the metacarpal articulates with the
trapezium. Concave on convex in the coronal plane while convex on concave in the sagittal plane
Movements: Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction
Axis: Bi or Triaxial
2 Muscles: Adductor Pollicis, Flexor Pollicis Brevis
1 Nerve: Median
2 ligaments: Palmar and Dorsal Carpometacarpals
2 Pathologies: DeQuervains Tenosynovitis, Gamekeepers Thumb
Closed Pack: Full opposition

28
Q

Metacarpophalangeal

A

Structural:
Digit 1: Synovial Hinge
Digit 2-5: Synovial Condyloid
Funtional: Diarthrotic
Articular surface: Concave bases of the proximal phalanges articulate with the convex head of the metacarpals
Movements: Digit 1: Flexion and Extension
Digit 2: Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction, Circumduction
Axis: Digit 1: Uniaxial
Digit 2-5: Biaxial
2 Muscles: Flexor Digitorum superficialis, Extensor Digitorum
1 Nerve: Median
2 ligaments: Palmar, Collateral
2 Pathologies: Dislocation, Fracture
Closed Pack:
1 MCP: Full extension
2-5 MCP: Full Flexion

29
Q

Acetabulofemoral

A

Structural: Synovial Ball and Socket
Funtional: Diarthrotic
Articular surface: Convex head of the femur articulates with the concave acetabulum of the pelvis
Movements: Flexion/Extension, Abduction/Adduction, Internal/External rotation
Axis: Triaxial
2 Muscles: Gluteus Maximus, Gluteus Medius
1 Nerve: Sciatic
2 ligaments: Iliofemoral, Ischiofemoral
2 Pathologies: Dislocation, Fracture
Closed Pack: Full extension, abduction, medial rotation

30
Q

Tibiofemoral

A

Structural: Synovial Modified Hinge
Funtional: Diarthrotic
Articular surface: Concave condyles of the tibia articulate with the convex
femoral condyles
Movements: Flexion, Extension, limited rotation
Axis: Biaxial
2 Muscles: Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis
1 Nerve: Sciatic
2 ligaments: Tibial Collateral, Fibular Collateral
2 Pathologies: Torn Meniscus, Terrible Triad
Closed Pack: Full extension w/ lateral rotation

31
Q

Patellofemoral

A

Structural: Synovial Planar
Funtional: Diarthrotic
Articular surface: The concave superior/inferior surface of the patella and the convex medial/lateral surfaces of the patella articulate
with the patellar surface of the femur
Movements: Small gliding
Axis: Uniaxial
2 Muscles: Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis
1 Nerve: Sciatic
2 ligaments: Patellar and Tibial Collateral ligament
2 Pathologies: Torn Meniscus, Patellar Tendonitis
Closed Pack: Full flexion

32
Q

Proximal Tibiofibular

A

Structural: Synovial Planar
Funtional: Diarthrotic
Articular surface: Convex facet on the head of the fibula and concave facet on the lateral condyle of the tibia
Movements: Small gliding
Axis: Uniaxial
2 Muscles: Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis
1 Nerve: Sciatic
2 ligaments: Tibial and Fibular Collateral
2 Pathologies: Torn Meniscus, Terrible Triad
Closed Pack: Full Dorsiflexion

33
Q

Talocrural

A

Structural: Synovial Hinge
Funtional: Diarthrotic
Articular surface: Convex trochlea of the talus articulates between the concavity formed by
the medial and lateral malleoli, and the distal end of the tibia.
Movements: Dorsiflexion, Plantarflexion
Axis: Uniaxial
2 Muscles: Tibialis Posterior and Anterior
1 Nerve: Tibial
2 ligaments: Anterior and Posterior Tibiotalar
2 Pathologies: Inversion sprain, Fracture
Closed Pack: Full dorsiflexion

34
Q

Subtalar

A

Structural: Synovial Planar
Funtional: Diarthrotic
Articular surface: Convex facets on the superior surface of the calcaneus articulate with the concave posterior, anterior and middle articular surface for the calcaneus on the talus.
Movements: Small gliding movements
Axis: Uniaxial
2 Muscles: Tibialis Anterior and Posterior
1 Nerve: Tibial
2 ligaments: Anterior and Posterior Tibiotalar
2 Pathologies: Inversion Sprain, Fracture
Closed Pack: Full supination

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