Final: Nutritional, Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders Flashcards
Three types of osteoporosis
- generalized: age related, post-menopausal, steroid induced, heparin induced, metastasis
- regional: disuse/immobilization
- Localized: Infxn, inflammatory arthritis, neoplasm
What is the most common cause of generalized osteoporosis?
Hyperparathyroidism, OI
What is the standard imaging modality to quantify bone mineral density?
DEXA scan
What causes rickets and osteomalacia?
Rickets: Vit D deficiency, renal osteodystrophy, renal tubular defect
Osteomalacia: Lack of osteoid mineralization that leads to bone softening
Classic radiographic features of rickets
- Generalized osteopenia
- Coarse trabecular changes
- Widened growth plates
- Costal Rosary
- Absent zone of provisional calcification
- Frayed “paintbrush” and cupped metaphyses
What causes scurvy?
Vit C deficiency
Radiographic features of scurvy
- Combo of abnormalities at growing ends of long bones
- osteoporosis
- dense zone of provisional calcification (White Line of Frankel)
- ring epiphysis (Wimberger’s sign)
- Scorbutic zone
- Subperiosteal hemorrhages
Radiographic findings of hyperparathyroidism in the spine
“rugger jersey”
end plate concavities
widened SI joints
Radiographic findings of hyperparathyroidism in the skull
“salt and pepper”, tiny holes in lamina dura
Radiographic findings of hyperparathyroidism in the hands
subperiosteal absorption, acrosteolysis (resorption of distal phalanx)
Face changes seen in acromegaly
sella turcica enlargement d/t pituitary neoplasm, widened mandibular angle (prognatism)
Spine changes seen in acromegaly
increased size
hyperostoses
widened disc heights and posterior body scalloping
Hand changes in acromegaly
Look like a shovel
Widened joint spaced d/t cartilage overgrowth
What osseous changes might long term corticosteroids cause?
Osteoporosis of Cushing’s Dz: cortices thinned, density diminished, deformities evident, fish-shaped vertebrae
