Final- New Material

Question 1

A plant, animal, or fungus that is not native to a specific location, and which has a tendency to spread to a degree believed to cause damage to the environment, human economy, or human health

Answer 1

Invasive species

Question 2

About 10% of introduced species that go feral actually establish viable populations; about 10% of established introductions become problematic; they are then known as invasive

Answer 2

Law of Tens

Question 3

Species become introduced via two pathways:

Answer 3

Intentional introduction

Accidental introduction

Question 4

Introduction of desirable alien species

Answer 4

Intentional introduction

Question 5

Introduction associated with commercial activity

Answer 5

Accidental introduction

Question 6

Two main pathways of intentional introductions

Answer 6

Utilitarian and aesthetic

Question 7

To become invasive, an organism must survive two phases:

Answer 7

Transport and establishment

Question 8

To be effectively human-transported, an organism must have to be:

Answer 8

Tolerant of humans, a generalist, and not a sensitive species

Question 9

To be successful as an invader, a species is expected to have at least some of these traits:

Answer 9

Good disperser, adaptable, rapid reproduction, large body or propagule size

Question 10

Tolerant of a variety of environments

Answer 10

Adaptable

Question 11

The economic impact in the US is estimated at over ____________ annually

Answer 11

100 billion

Question 12

Intervention before the invasion

Answer 12

Prevention

Question 13

Intervention after the invasion

Answer 13

Control and eradication

Question 14

First introduced from Japan in 1876, mostly as an ornamental plant

Answer 14

Kudzu

Question 15

Promoted by the Soil Conservation Service in the 1930s for erosion control

Answer 15

Kudzu

Question 16

During the Great Depression, the Civilian Conservation Corps paid hundreds to plant this

Answer 16

Kudzu

Question 17

Farmers were given a cash incentive to plant this in the 1940s

Answer 17

Kudzu

Question 18

Snake that ate Guam

Answer 18

Brown treesnake

Question 19

Led to a decrease in birds, reptiles, and bats

Answer 19

Brown treesnake

Question 20

The brown treesnake arrived in Guam when?

And dispersed when?

Answer 20

1950

1960s

Question 21

The bird declines caused by the brown treesnake were not seen until when?
The problem was not recognized until when?

Answer 21

1970s

Early 1980s

Question 22

Any animal hunted for food and not normally domesticated; also hunted for sport

Answer 22

Game

Question 23

Animals not allowed to be hunted by humans…usually because they’re endangered or protected by the law

Answer 23

Nongame Wildlife

Question 24

Designated by legislative action

Answer 24

Game animals

Question 25

A population of organisms which is at risk of becoming extinct because it is either few in numbers or threatened by changing environmental or predation parameters

Answer 25

Endangered species

Question 26

IUCN has calculated the percentage of endangered species as _______ of al organisms based on the sample of species that have been evaluated through 2006

Answer 26

40%

Question 27

An international organization dedicated to finding "pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development challenges"

Answer 27

IUCN

Question 28

Compiled information from a network of conservation organizations to rate which species are most endangered

Answer 28

IUCN Red List

Question 29

When there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died

Answer 29

Extinct (EX)

Question 30

There is inadequate information to make a direct or indirect assessment of its risk of extinction based on its distribution or population status

Answer 30

Data deficient (DD)

Question 31

Has not yet been assessed against the criteria

Answer 31

Not evaluated (NE)

Question 32

Causes of endangerment

Answer 32

``` Natural causes Hunting pressure Introduced predators Non-predatory exotics Habitat modifications ```

Question 33

One of the dozens of US environmental laws passed in the 1970s; designed to protect critically imperiled species from extinction as a consequence of economic growth and development untempered by adequate concern and conservation

Answer 33

Endangered Species Act of 1973

Question 34

ESA was signed into law by who and when?

Answer 34

Richard Nixon in 1973

Question 35

Rarely a simple, one-cause, one-effect situation

Answer 35

Disease

Question 36

An abnormal condition affecting the body of an organism which can impair health in many ways

Answer 36

Disease

Question 37

Ways disease can impair health

Answer 37

``` Infectious pathogen Genetic disorders Physiological imbalance Poor nutritional state Stressed state Combinations of the above ```

Question 38

A form of interaction between two species, where one species benefits at the expense of the other

Answer 38

Parasitism

Question 39

Living together

Answer 39

Symbiosis

Question 40

Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protistans

Answer 40

Microparasites

Question 41

Include flatworms or platyhelminths, nematode, ancanthocephalans, and arthropods

Answer 41

Macroparasites

Question 42

Any infectious disease that can be transmitted by a vector from non-human animals to humans or vice versa

Answer 42

Zoonosis | And reverse zoonosis

Question 43

Has killed more people and has had a greater effect on human history than any other zoonotic diseases

Answer 43

Plague

Question 44

Humans bitten by infected flea, bacteria enter lymphatic system, cause swelling of lymph nodes

Answer 44

Bubonic plague

Question 45

Bacteria produce toxins causing tiny clots throughout body, reduced clotting ability and uncontrolled bleeding

Answer 45

Septicemic plague

Question 46

Least common, secondary spread of bacteria to lungs, spread from human to human by coughing or sneezing

Answer 46

Pneumonic plague

Question 47

Spread by flea and rodent hosts

Answer 47

Plague

Question 48

An emerging infectious disease caused by at least 3 species of bacteria belonging to the genus Borrelia

Answer 48

Lyme disease

Question 49

Symptoms slow to appear (bullseye shaped rash, fever, fatigue, joint pain, etc.)

Answer 49

Lyme disease

Question 50

Bacterial pathogen carried by deer ticks

Answer 50

Lyme disease

Question 51

A viral disease that causes acute encephalitis in warm blooded animals

Answer 51

Rabies

Question 52

Caused by RNA virus, infects mammals, virus present in saliva of infected animal and contacted from bite

Answer 52

Rabies

Question 53

Late symptoms include acute pain, uncontrolled movements, aggression, profuse salivation, inability to swallow, eventually coma and death

Answer 53

Rabies

Question 54

Main cause of human rabies cases

Answer 54

Bats

Question 55

Animals that survive by killing and eating other animals

Answer 55

Predators

Question 56

Those individuals with the skills or features better able to avoid capture or capture prey will survive more often than individuals without

Answer 56

Natural selection

Question 57

Diverse prey items

Answer 57

Facultative

Question 58

Facultative

Answer 58

Polyphagus

Question 59

Specialize in one prey item, population growth tightly linked to prey

Answer 59

Obligate

Question 60

Obligate

Answer 60

Monophagus

Question 61

Joint evolution of two or more species/groups with close ecological relationship

Answer 61

Coevolution

Question 62

Meat hunter

Answer 62

Utilitaristic

Question 63

Trophy hunters

Answer 63

Dominionistic

Question 64

Affection for outdoors

Answer 64

Naturalistic

Question 65

Strong affection for individual pets

Answer 65

Humanistic

Question 66

Against over-exploitation

Answer 66

Moralistic

Question 67

Every increase in hunting results in fewer total animals surviving

Answer 67

Additive

Question 68

To some point, increase in hunting does not decrease total number surviving

Answer 68

Compensatory

Question 69

Number that could be harvested year after year without causing population declines

Answer 69

Sustainable yield

Question 70

Maximum number that could be harvested year after year without population declines

Answer 70

Maximum sustainable yield

Question 71

Harvest that will provide the greatest overall benefit

Answer 71

Optimum yield

Question 72

Animals harvested for their pelts

Answer 72

Furbearers

Question 73

Greater controversy than hunting

Answer 73

Trapping

Question 74

Any organism brought in to an area outside its natural range

Answer 74

Exotic species