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Wildlife Management > Final- New Material > Flashcards

Final- New Material Flashcards

1
Q

A plant, animal, or fungus that is not native to a specific location, and which has a tendency to spread to a degree believed to cause damage to the environment, human economy, or human health

A

Invasive species

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2
Q

About 10% of introduced species that go feral actually establish viable populations; about 10% of established introductions become problematic; they are then known as invasive

A

Law of Tens

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3
Q

Species become introduced via two pathways:

A

Intentional introduction

Accidental introduction

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4
Q

Introduction of desirable alien species

A

Intentional introduction

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5
Q

Introduction associated with commercial activity

A

Accidental introduction

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6
Q

Two main pathways of intentional introductions

A

Utilitarian and aesthetic

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7
Q

To become invasive, an organism must survive two phases:

A

Transport and establishment

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8
Q

To be effectively human-transported, an organism must have to be:

A

Tolerant of humans, a generalist, and not a sensitive species

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9
Q

To be successful as an invader, a species is expected to have at least some of these traits:

A

Good disperser, adaptable, rapid reproduction, large body or propagule size

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10
Q

Tolerant of a variety of environments

A

Adaptable

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11
Q

The economic impact in the US is estimated at over ____________ annually

A

100 billion

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12
Q

Intervention before the invasion

A

Prevention

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13
Q

Intervention after the invasion

A

Control and eradication

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14
Q

First introduced from Japan in 1876, mostly as an ornamental plant

A

Kudzu

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15
Q

Promoted by the Soil Conservation Service in the 1930s for erosion control

A

Kudzu

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16
Q

During the Great Depression, the Civilian Conservation Corps paid hundreds to plant this

A

Kudzu

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17
Q

Farmers were given a cash incentive to plant this in the 1940s

A

Kudzu

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18
Q

Snake that ate Guam

A

Brown treesnake

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19
Q

Led to a decrease in birds, reptiles, and bats

A

Brown treesnake

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20
Q

The brown treesnake arrived in Guam when?

And dispersed when?

A

1950

1960s

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21
Q

The bird declines caused by the brown treesnake were not seen until when?
The problem was not recognized until when?

A

1970s

Early 1980s

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22
Q

Any animal hunted for food and not normally domesticated; also hunted for sport

A

Game

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23
Q

Animals not allowed to be hunted by humans…usually because they’re endangered or protected by the law

A

Nongame Wildlife

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24
Q

Designated by legislative action

A

Game animals

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25
Q

A population of organisms which is at risk of becoming extinct because it is either few in numbers or threatened by changing environmental or predation parameters

A

Endangered species

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26
Q

IUCN has calculated the percentage of endangered species as _______ of al organisms based on the sample of species that have been evaluated through 2006

A

40%

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27
Q

An international organization dedicated to finding “pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development challenges”

A

IUCN

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28
Q

Compiled information from a network of conservation organizations to rate which species are most endangered

A

IUCN Red List

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29
Q

When there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died

A

Extinct (EX)

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30
Q

There is inadequate information to make a direct or indirect assessment of its risk of extinction based on its distribution or population status

A

Data deficient (DD)

31
Q

Has not yet been assessed against the criteria

A

Not evaluated (NE)

32
Q

Causes of endangerment

A 
Natural causes
Hunting pressure
Introduced predators
Non-predatory exotics
Habitat modifications
33
Q

One of the dozens of US environmental laws passed in the 1970s; designed to protect critically imperiled species from extinction as a consequence of economic growth and development untempered by adequate concern and conservation

A

Endangered Species Act of 1973

34
Q

ESA was signed into law by who and when?

A

Richard Nixon in 1973

35
Q

Rarely a simple, one-cause, one-effect situation

A

Disease

36
Q

An abnormal condition affecting the body of an organism which can impair health in many ways

A

Disease

37
Q

Ways disease can impair health

A 
Infectious pathogen
Genetic disorders
Physiological imbalance
Poor nutritional state
Stressed state
Combinations of the above
38
Q

A form of interaction between two species, where one species benefits at the expense of the other

A

Parasitism

39
Q

Living together

A

Symbiosis

40
Q

Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protistans

A

Microparasites

41
Q

Include flatworms or platyhelminths, nematode, ancanthocephalans, and arthropods

A

Macroparasites

42
Q

Any infectious disease that can be transmitted by a vector from non-human animals to humans or vice versa

A

Zoonosis

And reverse zoonosis

43
Q

Has killed more people and has had a greater effect on human history than any other zoonotic diseases

A

Plague

44
Q

Humans bitten by infected flea, bacteria enter lymphatic system, cause swelling of lymph nodes

A

Bubonic plague

45
Q

Bacteria produce toxins causing tiny clots throughout body, reduced clotting ability and uncontrolled bleeding

A

Septicemic plague

46
Q

Least common, secondary spread of bacteria to lungs, spread from human to human by coughing or sneezing

A

Pneumonic plague

47
Q

Spread by flea and rodent hosts

A

Plague

48
Q

An emerging infectious disease caused by at least 3 species of bacteria belonging to the genus Borrelia

A

Lyme disease

49
Q

Symptoms slow to appear (bullseye shaped rash, fever, fatigue, joint pain, etc.)

A

Lyme disease

50
Q

Bacterial pathogen carried by deer ticks

A

Lyme disease

51
Q

A viral disease that causes acute encephalitis in warm blooded animals

A

Rabies

52
Q

Caused by RNA virus, infects mammals, virus present in saliva of infected animal and contacted from bite

A

Rabies

53
Q

Late symptoms include acute pain, uncontrolled movements, aggression, profuse salivation, inability to swallow, eventually coma and death

A

Rabies

54
Q

Main cause of human rabies cases

A

Bats

55
Q

Animals that survive by killing and eating other animals

A

Predators

56
Q

Those individuals with the skills or features better able to avoid capture or capture prey will survive more often than individuals without

A

Natural selection

57
Q

Diverse prey items

A

Facultative

58
Q

Facultative

A

Polyphagus

59
Q

Specialize in one prey item, population growth tightly linked to prey

A

Obligate

60
Q

Obligate

A

Monophagus

61
Q

Joint evolution of two or more species/groups with close ecological relationship

A

Coevolution

62
Q

Meat hunter

A

Utilitaristic

63
Q

Trophy hunters

A

Dominionistic

64
Q

Affection for outdoors

A

Naturalistic

65
Q

Strong affection for individual pets

A

Humanistic

66
Q

Against over-exploitation

A

Moralistic

67
Q

Every increase in hunting results in fewer total animals surviving

A

Additive

68
Q

To some point, increase in hunting does not decrease total number surviving

A

Compensatory

69
Q

Number that could be harvested year after year without causing population declines

A

Sustainable yield

70
Q

Maximum number that could be harvested year after year without population declines

A

Maximum sustainable yield

71
Q

Harvest that will provide the greatest overall benefit

A

Optimum yield

72
Q

Animals harvested for their pelts

A

Furbearers

73
Q

Greater controversy than hunting

A

Trapping

74
Q

Any organism brought in to an area outside its natural range

A

Exotic species

Wildlife Management (3 decks)

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