Final Exam-Old Tests Flashcards
From a herd of 600 American Bison is maintained - over ______ have been dispersed to other ranges or sites.
7,000
Waterfowl prices could go from _____ cents to over a dollar a bird.
10
“Tragedy of Commons” paper by Garrett Hardin (1968) was based on communal pasture in _________.
Medieval England
Gifford Pinchot is the founder of the ______________.
American Society of Foresters
Hypothesis or group of hypotheses that have stood up to repeated and thorough testing is called ___________.
Theory
Collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular species is __________.
Population
Until 1960s, wildlife management was primarily ___________ management
Game
____________ hunting is commercial hunting of wildlife and exploit animals as natural resources.
Market
National Marine Fisheries is located in Department of ____________.
Commerce
President Teddy Roosevelt initiated the _________________ in 1903.
Wildlife Refuge System
The use of evidence to construct testable explanations of natural phenomena is _____________.
Science
Ramsar Convention 1975 deals with ____________________.
Important migratory waterfowl habitat
“Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be converted” is the ________________.
First Law of Thermodynamics
In 1937, the US Congress passed the ______________.
Pittman Robinson Act
A punt gun is a type of extremely large __________ used in the 19th and early 20th centuries for shooting large numbers of waterfowl for commercial harvesting.
Shotgun
____________ development threatens continued species existence.
Economic
The state agency responsible for wildlife management in MS is called _______________________.
Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks
_________________ is a magic number to ensure the continued presence of wildlife populations.
Minimum viable population
____________ populations have a greater chance of going extinct.
Smaller
T/F: wildlife management is the application of ecological knowledge to wildlife populations and communities.
True
T/F: the passenger pigeon was extinct by 1914.
True
T/F: in the past 200 years, higher number of species have become extinct or are threatened with extinction
True
T/F: natural selection creates something new (e.g. new species) all the time.
False
T/F: currently, habitat fragmentation and degradation are the primary causes of species decline.
True
T/F: according to biological species concept, animals are not capable of interbreeding
False
T/F: currently, “fish” is also considered as “wildlife” in the US
False
T/F: out of the estimated 10 to 100 million insect species globally occurred, only ~2 million have been formally described currently.
True
T/F: detoxify and decompose of wastes is not a service provided by earth biological diversity.
False
T/F: energy is defined by the physicists is the ability to do work or cause change.
True
The author of “There’s a Hair in My Dirt” is ________ ____________.
Gary Larson
Habitat must contain these three components:
Food
Shelter
Water
Biological nomenclature has how many parts?
2
Historically, species decline due to __________ and ___________.
Habitat fragmentation
Habitat degradation
An example of a primary producer is
Grass in a Savana
American Game Policy proposed a ___-point program designed to blend the interests of the land and landowners, game and hunters, and the public into a feasible means for restoring game as a natural resources.
7
Intra-specific competition is a competition ___________ species.
Within
The tragedy of the commons is one way of accounting for __________.
Overexploitation
Organism’s functional role in its environment is called ________.
Niche
Unlike other marine mammals, sea otters lack blubber and instead rely solely on their fur for __________.
Insulation
The objective of “Integrated Pest Management” is to maximize influence of beneficial _________
Insects
Major force creating landscapes is ______________\
Soil erosion
In addition to timber and ecological services, forests frequently include considerable areas of high-quality _____________.
Livestock forage
Carrying capacity (k) is dependent on ____________ conditions
Environmental
Discrete signals are sent in a _______ manner
Simple
________ is the specific environmental setting a species occupies and the functional role it plays in the habitat
Niche
More than 80% of the National Park System’s 38 million hectors are in __________
Alaska
Vegetation evolving in the absence of ___________ animals, lack defenses
Herbivorous
A member of one sex within the social group mates with any member of the opposite sex is called
Promiscuity
The harvest of pulpwood as a source of paper has increased ______________ since 1950
Threefold
Only _____% of the earth’s water is freshwater
3
Some urban wildlife, such as house mice are ____________ which means they are ecologically associated with humans
Synanthropic
Aquatic temperatures fluctuate _________ than terrestrial environments
Less
Vegetation usually serves as the link between ________ and animal associations
Soil
Ranchers pay fees for the privilege of grazing their livestock in ___________
National forests
Productivity of soils has ________ effect on habitat quality
Direct
Crops can expose wildlife to ___________________ and, on occasion, to at least one infectious disease
Harmful pesticides
The largest single addition to the refuge system occurred in 1980 when more than 21.8 million hectors of land in ___________ became part of federal system
Alaska
Circadian rhythms have a period of about ______________
24 hours
Eusociality is the _________ level of social organization in a hierarchical classification
Highest
T/F: “number of animals per unit area” is productivity
False
T/F: the US has more than 298 million hectares of forests, covering 33% of the total land area
True
T/F: ethology is the scientific study of animal behavior, and a sub-topic of zoology
True
T/F: some species of wildlife are adapted to certain kinds of soils, others are more generalized
True
T/F: global consumption of wood is ~3.9 cubic m/person/year
False
T/F: Yellowstone was the world’s first national park, established by the US Government in 1979
False
T/F: water is densest at 4 degrees C and freezes at 0 degrees C
True
Currently, 80% of farms loosing soil faster than maximum sustainable rate
True
T/F: game is any animal hunted for food and is normally domesticated
False
T/F: many animals are adaptable than supposed to some form of association with dense human habitation
True
At present, ______________ includes conflicting recommendations from forest managers, game managers, and nongame managers
Forest management
Species distribution limited by soil ____________
Texture
Point at which the population has the highest growth potential is called ______________________
Maximum sustained yield
Forestland is defined by the US Forest Service as land which at least _____% covered by forest trees of any sizes
10
All interactions that transmit information between animals are ______________
Communication
The switch from horse to tractor-drawn machinery produced other effects on _____________ besides clean farming
Wildlife
More than 60% of the elk in the _________________ region find food, cover, and shelter in national forests
Rocky Mountain
An immigrant from Scotland, John Muir, established _________________ in 1892
Sierra Club
US Congress passed the Wilderness Act of 1964 to __________ primitive areas in their natural state
Protect
_____________ is an area that an animal of a particular species consistently defends against cospecifics
Territory
Aldo Leopoldo is regarded as the “father” of _________
Wildlife
