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Final Mock 2 Flashcards

0
Q

The number of useful X-rays in the beam defines X-ray ______.

A

Quantity

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1
Q

Extra focal or off-focus radiation is produced from ______.

A

Rebounding electrons

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2
Q

The discrete portion of the X-Ray emission spectrum would change position with a charge in ______.

A

Target material

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3
Q

A low quality beam would also have low _____.

A

Penetrability

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4
Q

X-rays transmitted without interaction contribute to ______.

A

The image fog

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5
Q

High capacity tube rotors revolve at ______.

A

10,000 rpm

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6
Q

________ occurs only at the very high energies used in radiation therapy and in nuclear medicine PET imaging.

A

Pair production

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7
Q

Each tube has its own tube rating chart to show ______.

A

Maximum exposure times

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8
Q

Because of differential absorption, about ____ of the incident beam from the X-ray tube contributes to the finished image.

A

0.5%

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9
Q

An outer-shell electron is ejected and the atom is ionized with ______.

A

Compton interactions

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10
Q

The heel effect is caused by the ______.

A

Anode angle

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11
Q

The rotating anode is turned by a ______.

A

Magnetic field

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12
Q

The X-ray intensity is lower on the anode side of the ______.

A

Heel effect

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13
Q

Thermionic emission at the filament creates a ______.

A

Space charge

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14
Q

The main purpose of added filtration is to reduce ______.

A

Patient dose

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15
Q

The amplitude of the emission spectrum is ____ with a _____ generator than/as with a three-phase generator.

A

Lower; single-phase

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16
Q

Differential absorption is dependent on the ______, _____ and ______.

A

kVp of the exposure, atomic number of the absorber, and mass density of the absorber

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17
Q

If and exposure is 50 mR at an SID of 40 inches, what would the exposure be at an SID of 60 inches?

A

22.2 mR

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18
Q

A compensating filter is used to create ____ optical density with a body part of ____ thickness.

A

Uniform; non-uniform

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19
Q

The use of contrast agents increases the amount of _______.

A

Photoelectric absorption

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20
Q

Attenuation is caused by ______ and _______.

A

Absorption and scattering

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21
Q

Bremsstrahlung X-rays are produced by ______ at the target.

A

Slowing electrons

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22
Q

Characteristic K-shell X-rays have an effective energy of ___ keV.

A

69

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23
Q

Standard X-ray machines produce about __ mR/mAs at 70 kVp measured at 100 cm SID.

A

5

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24
The cathode side of the tube should be towards the ____ part of the patient.
Thicker
25
X-ray intensity is proportional to ______.
kVp squared
26
Projectile electrons travel from ________.
Cathode to anode
27
The half value layer (HVL) of an X-ray beam is a measurement of beam ______.
Quality
28
The efficiency of X-ray production increases as _____ increases.
kVp
29
If 5% of an incident beam is transmitted through a body part, then 95% if that beam was _______.
Attenuated
30
Compton interactions, photoelectric absorption, and transmitted X-rays all contribute to ________.
Differential absorption
31
K-shell binding energy increases with increasing _______.
Atomic number
32
Localized pitting or cracking on the anode can occur from _______.
Long exposure times
33
Which X-ray interaction involves the ejection of the K-shell electron?
Photoelectric absorption
34
Beam quality is affected by _____ and _____.
kVp and filtration
35
A negative contrast agent is _____.
Air
36
Compton scatter is directed at ______ angle from the incident beam.
Any
37
At the target, the projectile electrons interact with __________.
Outer and inner shell electrons
38
The filament is made of ______.
Tungsten
39
The inverse square law has the same effect on optical density and X-ray _____, ______, and ______.
Intensity, exposure, and quantity
40
The penetrability of an X-ray beam is called X-ray ______.
Quality
41
A dual focus tube has two ______.
Filaments
42
Only at energies above 10 mEv can ___________ take place.
Photodisintegration
43
An increase in mAs ________ of the emission spectrum.
Would increase the amplitude only
44
The efficiency of X-ray production is ______ the tube current.
Directly proportional to
45
There is a complete absorption of the incident X-ray photon with ______.
Photoelectric effect
46
Because of the line focus principle, the effective focal spot size decreases with decreasing _________.
Target angle
47
Most of the heat generated at the target is due to ________.
Inner-shell ionization
48
Image fog in diagnostic imaging is caused by _________.
Compton scatter
49
Added filtration will ____ beam quality and _____ beam quantity.
Increase; decrease
50
At 55% kVp ____ of the X-rays produced are Bremsstrahlung.
100%
51
If filter thickness is ________, then X-ray intentisy is ________.
Increased/reduced; reduced/increased
52
Electron interaction at the inner shell of the target atoms produce _______ radiation.
Characteristic
53
A 15% increase in kVp is equivalent to _________.
Halving the mAs
54
X-ray bean quality is improved by __________.
Increasing filtration
55
The _____ is the source of radiation in the X-ray tube.
Focal spot
56
If X-ray quantity is doubled, the optical density on the finished radiograph will be _________.
Increased by a factor of two
57
The effective focal spot size is ____ than the actual focal spot size
Smaller
58
What is the formula for heat units for a three-phase, six-pulse X-ray machine?
1.35 x kVp x mA x seconds
59
Changes in ___ result in directly proportional changes in the amplitude of the emission spectrum.
mA
60
High kVp technique reduce __________.
Differential absorption
61
When the mass denisty of the absorber is _____, it results in ______ Compton scatter.
Increased; decreased
62
Approximately ___ of the kinetic energy of the projectile electrons is converted to X-rays at the target.
1%
63
Barium is a good contrast agent because of its _________.
High atomic number
64
The production of heat at the anode is directly proportional to _______.
Tube current
65
What has the greatest mass density?
Bone
66
The useful characteristic X-rays from tungsten targets are _____ x-rays.
K-shell
67
A 10% increase in kVp has ____ effect on x-ray intensity than/as a 10% increase in mAs.
Less
68
The scattered x-ray from a Compton interaction usually retains ____ of the energy of the incident photon.
Most
69
Most of the x-ray produced at the target are _________.
Bremsstrahlung
70
As kVp ______, the probability of photoelectric absorption ______.
Increases; decreases
71
How does added filtration affect the emission spectrum?
Reduced amplitude and a shift to the right
72
An x-ray beam that could pass through dense tissue would have high _______ and _______.
Penetrability and quality
73
An increase of 15% in kVp is equivalent to increasing mAs _____.
30%
74
If a technologist changes the technique from 70 kVp @ 200 mAs to 70 kVp @ 400 mAs, then the x-ray intensity will ______ and optical density will ______.
Remain the same; double
75
The _____ of an x-ray beam is higher when the peak of the emission spectrum is farther to the ____.
Quality; right
76
The ____ are outside the glass envelope.
Stators
77
Roentgens (or Grays) is the measurement of x-ray _____, ______, and _______.
Quantity, exposure and intensity
78
X-ray quantity increases in direct proportion to increase in _____.
kVp
79
Characteristic x-ray are produced by _________.
Released binding energy
80
When electrons bombard the target, ____ of their kinetic energy is converted to heat.
99%
81
An exposure taken at 100 kVp would have a continuous emission spectrum with a maximum energy of ____ keV
69
82
The two primary forms of x-ray interaction in the diagnostic range are _______ and ________.
Compton scattering and photoelectric absorption
83
The quantity of Bremsstrahlung radiation increases proportionately with increased _____.
mAs
84
The HVL is lowered by a decrease in _____.
kVp
85
An incident x-ray interacts with an atom without ionization during _______.
Coherent scattering
86
If the intensity of 70 kVp exposure at 20 mAs is 100 mR, what would it be at 5 mAs?
25 mR
87
The filament in a x-ray tube is about ______ in length.
1-2 cm
88
Each tube has its own tube chart to show ________.
Maximum exposure times
89
The target of the rotating anode is usually coated with a ______ alloy
Tungsten
90
At energies below 40 keV, the predominant x-ray interaction is soft tissue and bone is ________.
Photoelectric absorption
91
Tube failure can occur from _________.
Long exposure times
92
Image contrast is affected by _____ and ____.
Beam quality and kVp
93
During an exposure most of the _____ energy of the projectile electrons is converted to ______.
Kinetic; heat

Physics (5 decks)

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