Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Swine Production > Final Material > Flashcards

Final Material Flashcards

Nutrition, Reproduction, Basic facts, management,

1
Q

Top Manure Spreading States

A
  1. ) Iowa
  2. ) Wisconsin
  3. ) Minnesota
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ASF

A

African Swine Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Basic Swine Temperature

A

102.5 F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Means of regulating temperature

A
  1. ) Light hair coat

2. ) Subcutaneous fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

External “welting” of body

A

wallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

blank age group of piglets seek heat

blank age group of piglets still require all access to heat lamps

A

5-6 weeks of age

3 weeks at weaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what aspects of the anatomy of the pig allow for rooting up dirt

A

low center of gravity, strong shoulder, neck muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

national average pigs weaned

A

11.5 pigs weaned

11 pigs weaned live

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

length of estrus

A

21 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

polyestrus

A

year round breeders, a bit of seasonality in the summer (reduced in summer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

gestation length

A

3 months + 3 weeks + 3 days

114-115 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

self synchronizing

A 
post weaning: 3-7 days, vast majority at 5 days 
#1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how many times a day can a mature boar mate

A

2x/day, with decreased semen concentration at second mating.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

artificial insemination semen volume

A

80-100ml for breeding sows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

boar ejaculate

A

around 500ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

turgid

A

uterus is filled with semen=fertile mating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

omnivores

A

eats vegetables + meat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

monogastrics

A

simple stomach, no enzymes to break cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cecum

A

some fiber digetation (microbes in cecum/colon) to break nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How much fiber do sows obtain from forages

A

up to 25% of DMI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How much DDGs can you feed to grow finish pigs

A

up to 30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the top feed ingredient used for energy

A

corn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the most common feed used for protein

A

soybean meal to make corn-soy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

common protein feeds

A

soybean meal
canola meal
linseed meal
sunflower meal (common in Europe)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the relationship with fiber and performance in grow finish pigs

A

increased fiber= decreased performance of grow finish pigs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

name 10 essential amino acids

A
  1. ) arginine
  2. ) histidine
  3. ) isoleucine
  4. ) leucine
  5. ) lysine
  6. ) methionine
  7. ) phenylanine
  8. ) theorine
  9. ) tryptophan
  10. ) valine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What vitamins are supplemented for pigs

A

vitamin A, D, E and b complex + vitamin K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Mineral supplementation of Fe

A

for piglets who are born deficient, sows have the lowest concentration of Fe in mammals
iron dextran for piglets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Manure concerns

A

Lagoons and hurricanes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

genetic selection for

A

litter size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

countries with most pigs

A
  1. ) China–> 456,733,400
  2. ) USA–> 71,500,400
  3. ) Brazil–> 39,950,300
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Countries with highest pork production

A
  1. ) China–> 54,129,762
  2. ) USA–> 11,320,182
  3. ) Germany
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Meat consumption trends

A

beef has gone down
Pork has gone down
lamb is steady
chicken has gone up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Most consumed meat

A

pork, because of China’s population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

When did domestication begin

A

10-13,000 years ago

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what was the first animal to be domesticated

A

dog

12-13,000 years ago

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

When were sheep/goats domesticated?

When were swine domesticated?

A

sheep and goats–> 11,000

Swine–> 11,500

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Advantages of domestication

A
  1. ) better nutrition
  2. ) allowed for political development
  3. ) frees up other resources
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

When were swine domesticated in China?

A

7,000 years ago

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Taxonomy of swine

A

order: Artiodactylia “even toed”
suborder: Suina “large upper canine teeth”
family: Suidae “large upper, outward turning canine teeth
genus: Sus
species: Scrofa
sub species: Domesticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Wild Ancestors: East Indian Pigs (SE Asia)

A

Sus Scrofa Vitatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Wild Ancestors: European Wild Boar ( E. Europe)

A

Sus Scrofa Eurasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

When were the two ancestors crossed?

A

200-300 years ago

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Peccary

A

SE USA

Suina

45
Q

African Warthog

A

Suidae

46
Q

Babirusa

A

Cambodia

47
Q

Characteristics of feral/wild hogs

A

longer noses, thick hair coat, darker hair coat color

48
Q

Seedstock producer

A

produce breeding stock

Primary product: breeding stock-gilts, boars, semen

49
Q

Farrowing (gestation)

A

primary products: weaned pigs

50
Q

Finishing (grow-finish)

A

products: market hogs

51
Q

Farrow-finish

A

Primary products: market hogs

52
Q

Ideal sow bcs

A

3.0-3.5

53
Q

Ideal sow bf

A

.75-.85 inches

54
Q

what happens if sows are too thin

A
  1. ) milk production goes down
  2. ) lighter weaning weights
  3. ) reduced fertility
55
Q

what happens if sows are too fat

A
  1. ) reduced feed intake during lactation
    • ketosis
  2. ) reduced milk, reduced fertility
    • increased pre weaning mortality
    • increased dystocia
56
Q

what does sow loose during lactation

A

lose around 1 from bcs

or around .15 inces of last rb fat

57
Q

Managers must do these when managing breeding sows

A

assess bcs @ weaning

assess bc at 70-80 days and adjust feed

58
Q

ensure each sow gets correct amount of feed because feeding

A

because if fed at libery sows will get too fat

59
Q

feeding: stall systems

A

auger feeding=control feed intake, low maintenancy

60
Q

feeding: group pens

A

electric sow feeder, free access stalls

61
Q

TSI-Terminal Sire Index

A

weighted combination of BF, Days, Lbs, FE. Used to select sires for terminal pigs (pigs for market) Breed average is 100

62
Q

SPI-Sow Productivity Index

A

Weighted economic index incorporating number born alive, number weaned, litter weight. Used when looking for boars to sire gilts as replacements. More likely to choose sows (dams) of replacement gilts

63
Q

MLI-Maternal Line Index

A

weighted economic index that utilizes all EPDs (maternal+terminal) weighted–> 2/3 maternal 1/3 terminal

64
Q

Process for picking breeding females

A
  1. ) go through data
  2. ) visual appraisal: look at gilts who are 150lbs, 5 months old before sexual maturity
  3. ) mate: keep the 1st ones to concieve
65
Q

Criteria list:

A
  1. ) record
  2. ) repro soundness
  3. ) skeletal soundness
  4. ) capacity
  5. ) muscling
66
Q

Underline soundness

A 
# of nipples: 12 total 
commercial: 16 ideal
uniformity and spacing 
functionality 
External genitalia: proper size and structure
67
Q

Underline unsoundness

A

pin nipples
ununiform nipple spacing
none functional nipples
tipped vulva

68
Q

Skeletal correctness

A

big bones
angles on front and rear hocks
uniform and spaced toes

69
Q

Capacity

A

volume, depth, chest cavity and abdomen are deep
wide shoulders, deep chested
deeper capacity= more room to hold big litters

70
Q

single gene traits

A

non-additive traits

71
Q

additive inheritance

A

many of gene loci that affect the trait

72
Q

inbreeding

A

increases homozygosity

73
Q

Topigs Norsvin

A

2nd largest swine genetics coorperation in the world behind the USA company

74
Q

Boar traits

A

fast growing, efficient, uniformity progeny, disease resistance, carcass

75
Q

Boar taint

A

affects meat quality, palatability

76
Q

sow traits

A

large litters, good litter weights, performance, post weaning, fertility, durable

77
Q

piglet processing

A

ear notch: cheap, prominent
dock tails
castration

78
Q

Ear notch- Right

A

Litter Number

79
Q

Ear notch- Left

A

Individual Number

80
Q

Why are tails docked

A

help prevent tail biting

81
Q

Length of dock depends on what

A

history of tail biting in herd
minimal- tuff/end
mild: switch
severe: shorter dock

82
Q

factors contributing to tail biting

A

inadequate water fountain spaces
feed space
ventalation

83
Q

how can one fix the factors that contribute to tail biting

A

add toys
bedding
change genetics

84
Q

Castration

A

reduces aggression

reduce boar taint

85
Q

when do market hogs reach maturity

A

6 months

86
Q

adrostenone

A

metabolite of testostorone
smells like urine
in fat-muscle tissue

87
Q

Skatole

A 
smells like  swine feces 
metabolite of trp
bacteria of colon
stored in fat 
increased amounts in boars because of liver skatole
88
Q

ovary

A

female gonad

produces: oocytes , hormones

89
Q

oocytes

A

follicles (each follicle produces ONE ova)

clear, fluid fill

90
Q

estrogen

A

produced by follicles

91
Q

progesterone

A

produced by corpus luteum (yellow solid mass)

92
Q

oviduct

A

infundibulum
wraps around the ovary
when ovary ovulates, oviduct collects them
SITE OF FERTILIZATION

93
Q

Uterine horns

A

bulk of uterus
carry pregnancy (fetus + placenta)
provides nutrients for fetus

94
Q

endometrium

A

inner lining of uterus

95
Q

Uterine body

A

site where 2 horns meet and join with cervix

96
Q

cervix

A

provides barrier between outside world and uterus

SITE OF SEMEN DEPOSITION IN NATURAL SERVICE

97
Q

spiral arrangment

A

left hand cork screw shape of the cervix

thread ai counter clockwise

98
Q

Vagina

A

birth canal

urinary bladder empties here also

99
Q

vulva

A

external portion of tract

100
Q

sow repro tract

A 
2 ovaries 
2 oviducts 
2 uterine horns 
uterine body (short) 
cervix 
vagina 
vulva
101
Q

non-productive days

A

any day a sow or gilt is not pregnant or lactating

102
Q

objective with non-productive days

A

keep NPDs as low as possible

103
Q

what is the cost of NPD

A

4-5$/NPD/animal

104
Q

How to reduce NPDs

A

1.) good reproduction management program to reproduce NPDs. effective pregnancy detection program (and early)

105
Q

Pregnancy Detection Methods

A
  1. ) non-return to estrus
  2. ) ultrasound (embryo, fetus)
  3. ) endocrine test
106
Q

Non return to estrus

A

average 21 days
daily estrus detection, ideally begin @ 2 weeks
post service until about 3.5 weeks post service
14-25 days: window of opportunity -use boar exposure

107
Q

advantages of nonreturn to estrus

A

inexpensive
resonably accurate- 98%
rebreed if sow is in estrus

108
Q

disadvantages of nonreturn to estrus

A

labor
time
false positives

Swine Production (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions