Final M/C Flashcards
In an alluvial channel, medium sand grains tend to move by:
a) saltation
b) suspended materials
c) sliding/rolling not he bed
A
In an alluvial channel, cobbles tend to move by:
A) saltation
B) dissolved load
C) suspension
D) rolling/sliding on the bed
D
Water is moving along the thalweg of a channel that has a meandering pattern. Near the inner bank of a meander loop:
A) the water velocity tend to be lower
B) the water velocity increase
C) sediment is removed and deposited in deep pools found near the outer bank
D) erosion processes create a steep undercut bank
A
On a meandering river floodplain, which one of the following landforms is associated with the position of a former channel?
A) oxbow lake
B) point bar
C) crevasse splay
D) back swamp
A
Water infiltrates into the soil zone and then experiences lateral movement parallel to surface on a hillslope. That shallow lateral movement of water in the soil zone is called:
A) interflow/throughflow
B) baseflow
C) channel flow
D) saturated return flow
A
A levee adjacent to a meandering stream can develop over time through repeated cycles of flooding. During an overbank event sand carried in suspension in the flow leaves the channel and is deposited on the levee because:
A) velocity increases
B) velocity decreases
B
An Intrazonal soil is one that has its distribution dominated by local soil forming factors, such as poor drainage. Which one of the following types of soil has its distribution very strongly influenced by local conditions
A) brunisol
B) podzol
C) cryosol
D) gleysol
D
In the Boreal Forest there are many locations where the parent materials for soils are acidic and the climate is relatively wet. In such regions the predominant soil order is
A) gleysol
B) podzolic
C) luvisolic
D) brunisolic
B
A soil has the following profile: there is 4 cm of litter on the surface, there is a 10 cm thick Ah horizon and a 20 cm Bm horizon over a calcareous C horizon. The parent material for the soil is a silty sand textured glacial till. The vegetation is a mixed forest, the climate is cool with 550 mm of precipitation per year (relatively dry for a forest). The most likely soil type to fit this description is:
A) luvisol
B) brunisol
C) cryosol
D) gleysol
B
“Ah” indicates the horizon has:
A) illuviation
B) elluviation
C) calcerous horizon
D) humus
E) iron/aluminum
F) high salt
G) no alkaline earth carbonates
D
Bm:
A) illuviation
B) elluviation
C) calcerous horizon
D) humus
E) iron/aluminum
F) high salt
G) no alkaline earth carbonates
G
Ae:
A) illuviation
B) elluviation
C) calcerous horizon
D) humus
E) iron/aluminum
F) high salt
G) no alkaline earth carbonates
B
Cs / Csa:
A) illuviation
B) elluviation
C) calcerous horizon
D) humus
E) iron/aluminum
F) high soluble salts
G) no alkaline earth carbonates
H) cemented layer
F
Bc:
A) illuviation
B) elluviation
C) calcerous horizon
D) humus
E) iron/aluminum
F) high salt
G) no alkaline earth carbonates
H) cemented layer
H
Bt:
A) illuviation
B) elluviation
C) calcerous horizon
D) humus
E) iron/aluminum
F) high salt
G) no alkaline earth carbonates
H) clay-rich
H
A Solonetzic soil has a very hard dry consistency and B horizon that is enriched in:
A) salt
B) clay
C) calcium
D) humus
A) Bn / Bnt horizon
“f” is appended to the uppercase “B” to denote:
A) humus present in the horizon
B) gleying of the soil layer
C) frequent flooding
D) ferric horizon
D
A soil is described as follows: “A grassland soil with a thick dark coloured A horizon enriched in organic matter over a calcareous Bm and C horizon”. Which one of the following is the appropriate Soil Order
A) Brunisolic
B) Chernozemic
C) Cryosolic
D) Luvisolic
B
Periodic flooding events bring water with suspended sediment onto a floodplain, some of these sediments are deposited on the surface of the A horizon. With respect to the soil, which one of the following terms is used to describe this situation?
A) losses
B) transformation
C) translocation
D) addition
D
Podzolization is:
A) downward movement of iron, aluminum and organic compounds from the A horizon to the B horizon
B) downward movement of soluble mineral compounds that are dissolved in moisture from percolating rainwater in a soil
A
Which type of mass wasting involves a slow, downward movement of water-saturated soil over permafrost or an impermeable layer?
A) Earthflow
B) Solifluction
C) Debris Flow
D) Rockfall
B
A sudden and rapid movement of a water-saturated mix of fine sediment, clay, and silt, often occurring in dry regions after heavy rainfall, is called:
A) Earthflow
B) Mudflow
C) Topple
D) Creep
B
Which type of mass wasting occurs along a planar (flat) surface, causing material to move as a solid unit?
A) Rotational Slide
B) Debris Flow
C) Translational Slide
D) Slump
C
Which of the following is the fastest type of mass wasting?
A) Solifluction
B) Debris Avalanche
C) Earthflow
D) Creep
B
