final lecture 1 Flashcards
factor 2a
thrombin
factor 2
prothrombin
factor 1a
fibrin
what factors need Ca to be activated?
9->9a, 10->10a, 2->2a, 7->9a
neutropenia
abnormally low number of neutrophils
mild neutropenia
1000<1500- minimal risk of infection
moderate neutropenia
500<1000- moderate risk of infection
severe neutropenia
ANC<500- severe risk of infection
thrombocytopenia
decrease in plts <100,000
causes of decreased plts
decreased production
increased destruction
medication induced-myelosuppression
hematopoietic growth factors are active at ____
low concentrations
networking
hematopoietic growth factors interacting synergistically with other factors
proteins produced in prokaryotes(bacteria)
show no glycosylation (Carb moiety)
proteins produced in eukaryotes(yeast, mammals)
are glycosylated
stem cell factor (SCF) is a
cytokein/hematopoietic growth factor involved in regulation of early stages of hematopoeisis
SCF exerts its effects by binding to the
c-Kit receptor (CD117)
soluble c-kit receptor
is a naturally occurring molecule that counteracts effects of SCF
ancestim
soluble SCF made from e.coli; SQ; kidneys
G-CSF actions
protects neutrophils from apoptosis & enhances their function & controls migration of mature neutrophils from the marrow->blood
most abundant G-CSF
174
filgrastim
recombinant G-CSF; e.coli; treat severe neutropenia; kidneys; may damage spleen
pegfilgrastin
pegylated recombinant G-CSF through conjugation w/ polyethylene glycol moiety; minimizes glomerular filtration; >T1/2
GM-CSF stimulates production of
all granulocytes & monocytes
GM-CSF receptor
CD116
sargramostim
recombinant GM-CSF; yeast
sargramostim uses
myeloid recostitiution after bone marrow transplant; treatment of neutropenia induced chemo
____ stimulates hematopoiesis
IL-11
oprelvekin
non-glycosylated IL-11; prevention of thrombocytopenia & reduction of platelet transfusions; fluid retention & cardiac symptoms
thrombopoietin (TPO) is produced by
liver & kidney
TPO blood levels are ____ related to blood platelet count
inversely
rHuMGDF
truncated version of TPO; bacteria
rHuTPO
full length TPO; human
romiplostim
fusion protein analog of TPO; indicated for long-term treatment for chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)- antibodies against platelets
elfrombopag
agonist of c-mpl receptor CD110; ORAL; ITP treatment & thrombocytopeinia in pts w/ chronic Hep C; hepatotoxicity
EPO is produced in
the kidney in response to anemia & hypoxia; can cause iron deficiency
epoietin alpha
human EPO nearly identical to endogenous form
dabepoietin alpha
modified form of epoietin alpha in which 4 amino acids have been mutated to increase Carb side chains-> longer T1/2
