FINAL LEC 5: The Human Genome Project Flashcards
International, collaborative research program whose goal was the complete mapping and understanding of all the genes of human beings
THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT (HGP)
THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT
Began on _______
- Determining the order, or “sequence,” of all the bases in human genome’s DNA
- Making maps that show the locations of genes for major sections of all human chromosomes
- Producing what are called linkage maps, through which inherited traits (such as those for genetic disease) can be tracked over generations
October 1, 1990 & completed in April 2003
Funded $3 billion dollar by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) & Department of Energy (COE) as authorized by the congress
1988
led by the center’s first director, James D. Watson
1990
2 general approaches used to build the long DNA sequences to initially derive the sequence of the human genome:
- “Clone-by-clone” technique by The International Consortium
- “Whole-genome shotgun” approach by Celera Genomics
An accurate and complete human genome sequence was finished and made available to scientists and researchers
Finished sequence covers about 99% of the human genome’s gene-containing regions, and it has been sequenced to an accuracy of 99.99%
Revealed that there are probably about 20,500 human genes
The human genome is made of 3.2 billion bases of DNA
2003
He has gene variants associated with increased risk of Alzheimer disease & cardiovascular disease.
-He has genotypes that cause or are associated with dry earwax, blue eyes, lactose intolerance, a preference for activities in the evening, & tendencies toward antisocial behavior, novelty seeking, & substance abuse
• He metabolizes caffeine fast, which he also knew.
J. Craig Venter
He carries a dozen rare recessive diseases that would affect glycogen storage, vision, & DNA repair if homozygous, & he is at elevated risk for 20 other diseases
He is a slow metabolizer of beta blockers & antipsychotic medications, indicating that he could overdose on normal weight-based dosages of these medications
James Watson
a Han Chinese, an East Asian population that accounts for 30% of modern humanity
He has no inherited diseases in his family. but his genome includes 116 gene variants that cause recessive diseases, as well as many risk alleles
He has a tendency to tobacco addiction & high-risk alleles for Alzheimer disease
YH
had their cancer genomes sequenced to guide drug choices
Steve Jobs & late journalist Christopher Hitchens
had his genome sequenced to trace his African roots
Scholar Henry Louis Gates Jr.
reportedly did genome sequencing to better understand mental illness in their families
An actress & a rock star
