Final: L4- Ch. 11 Flashcards
All of the following are considered major electrolytes EXCEPT _____.
a. calcium
b. sodium
c. potassium
d. chloride
a. calcium
Which of the following is considered a major mineral in the body?
a. iron
b. sodium
c. selenium
d. iodine
b. sodium
Which mineral is the most abundant cation in the human body?
a. phosphorus
b. magnesium
c. calcium
d. potassium
c. calcium
Calcitriol can stimulate the absorption of calcium from the intestines by regulating _____and related proteins.
a. calsequestrin
b. calcitonin
c. calmodulin
d. calbindin
d. calbindin
Paracellular absorption of calcium
a. relies on transmembrane proteins called claudins.
b. requires a membrane channel protein called TRPV6.
c. requires energy and is saturable.
d. increases with low dietary calcium intakes.
a. relies on transmembrane proteins called claudins.
What substance can improve calcium absorption?
a. lactose
b. unabsorbed fatty acids
c. phytic acid
d. magnesium
a. lactose
_____ is secreted in response to low plasma calcium concentrations and acts on the kidney to increase synthesis of _____, which promotes renal reabsorption of calcium.
a. Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin
b. Parathyroid hormone, calcitriol
c. Calcitonin, calcitriol
d. Calcitriol, calmodulin
b. Parathyroid hormone, calcitriol
Which cells are considered the bone-building cells?
a. osteonectins
b. osteopontins
c. osteoclasts
d. osteoblasts
d. osteoblasts
During which period of the life cycle does peak bone mass occur?
a. childhood
b. puberty
c. early adulthood
d. middle age
c. early adulthood
The binding protein that regulates many of the calcium-dependent enzymes is:
a. calcitonin.
b. calmodulin.
c. albumin.
d. globulin.
b. calmodulin.
Which mineral, when combined with unabsorbed dietary fat, forms soaps that cannot be absorbed and are excreted in the feces?
a. calcium
b. sulphur
c. potassium
d. chloride
a. calcium
In the renal system, which mineral regulates body fluid pH by reacting with secreted hydrogen ions, releasing sodium ions in the process?
a. sulphur
b. magnesium
c. calcium
d. phosphorus
d. phosphorus
Which two minerals are the major part of the crystal, hydroxyapatite, formed in ossification of bone?
a. sodium, chloride
b. sulphur, magnesium
c. calcium, phosphorus
d. calcium, potassium
c. calcium, phosphorus
Which hormone both increases release of bone phosphorus into the blood and promotes urinary excretion of phosphorus?
a. calcitonin
b. calcitriol
c. parathyroid hormone
d. insulin
c. parathyroid hormone
Phosphate balance is achieved largely by _____.
a. renal excretion
b. fecal excretion
c. control of absorption by vitamin D
d. control of absorption by phytates
a. renal excretion
Which of the following minerals plays a major role in regulating body fluid pH?
a. calcium
b. magnesium
c. sulphur
d. phosphorus
d. phosphorus
Malnourished individuals being refed who exhibit the “refeeding syndrome” may have low serum concentrations of _____.
a. calcium
b. sodium
c. phosphorus
d. chloride
c. phosphorus
Which mineral is LEAST likely to be deficient in anyone’s diet?
a. calcium
b. phosphorus
c. iodine
d. chromium
b. phosphorus
Which mineral is part of the green chlorophyll pigment in green leafy vegetables?
a. magnesium
b. sodium
c. potassium
d. sulfur
a. magnesium
Which mineral participates in all aspects of energy metabolism including glycolysis, beta-oxidation, and the TCA cycle?
a. calcium
b. iron
c. magnesium
d. sulphur
c. magnesium
Which mineral has as its primary function to bind phosphate groups in ATP and ATP-dependent enzyme reactions?
a. calcium
b. magnesium
c. potassium
d. sodium
b. magnesium
Which statement is false?
a. About half of magnesium in the body is associated with the bones.
b. Intracellular and serum magnesium levels are rigidly maintained.
c. Magnesium in cells is associated with phospholipids and proteins.
d. Magnesium metabolism is regulated by several hormones.
d. Magnesium metabolism is regulated by several hormones.
Which of the following statements is true?
a. In muscle contraction, the roles of calcium and magnesium are antagonistic, with calcium promoting the process and magnesium being the inhibitor.
b. Magnesium promotes phosphorus absorption.
c. Calcium and magnesium promote each other’s reabsorption in the kidney.
d. Calcium may cause an alteration in magnesium distribution by changing the flux of magnesium across the cell membrane or displacing it on its
binding sites.
a. In muscle contraction, the roles of calcium and magnesium are antagonistic, with calcium promoting the process and magnesium being the inhibitor.
Deficiency of which major mineral is usually associated with muscular weakness, neuromuscular hyperexcitability, and tetany?
a. magnesium
b. calcium
c. sulphur
b. chloride
a. magnesium
What mineral functions in:
forms a complex with ATP for use in glycolysis
Magnesium
What mineral functions in:
required for blood clotting
Calcium
What mineral functions in:
forms part of the linear backbone of DNA
Phosphorus
