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Chemistry > Final Ka Year 10 Chemistry > Flashcards

Final Ka Year 10 Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is represented at the bottom of the element box on the periodic table?

A

Atomic number (proton and electron number)

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2
Q

What is represented at the top of the element box on the periodic table?

A

Atomic mass

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3
Q

Which two particles always have the same number?

A

Protons and electrons

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4
Q

What is group one of the periodic table and what are some facts about them?

A

1 electron in final shell
Alkaline metals.
Not very dense
Will react with water to form hydrogen
Will react with non metals to form ⁺¹ ionic compounds
As they react with water they form alkaline solutions
Further down the more reactive

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5
Q

What is group 7 of the periodic table and what are some facts about them?

A 
7 electrons in outer shell 
Halogens 
Non-metals 
React with metals to form ⁻¹ ions 
Further down the less reactive
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6
Q

What is group 0 of the periodic table?

A

Full outer shell (8)
Noble gases
Chemically unreactive
Stable

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7
Q

Why are group 0 elements chemically unreactive?

A

They have a full outer shell

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8
Q

What makes two elements not react with each other?

A

They both have full outer shells

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9
Q

What is an ion?

A

An element or molecule that has lost electrons following a reaction

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10
Q

What chemical properties do all metals have?

A

Positive ions. This means they give away electrons in chemical reactions

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11
Q

What chemical properties do all non metals have?

A

Negative ions. This means they receive electrons in chemical reactions

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12
Q

Lithium + water –> hydrogen + ______

A

Lithium hydroxide

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13
Q

What happens when alkali metals react with water?

A

Hydrogen is made and the alkaline solution hydroxide

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14
Q

What happens to group 1 elements the further down they go?

A

They get more reactive

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15
Q

What happens to group 7 elements as they go down?

A

They get less reactive

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16
Q

What is ionic bonding?

A

When a metal reacts with a non-metal. The electron leaves the metal and joins the non-metal

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17
Q

What allows metals to conduct electricity?

A

Free electrons can move through the metals

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18
Q

What are the typical properties of metals?

A

Lustrous (shiny)
Hard
High density (are heavy for their size)
High tensile strength (resist being stretched)
High melting and boiling points
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Malleable (can be bent into shape without breaking)

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19
Q

What is the radius of an atom?

A

1x10⁻¹⁰

20
Q

What are the main uses of noble gases?

A

Helium (balloons) - less dense then air, makes it float up

Neon (lighting) - glows when electricity passes through it

Argon (light bulbs) - argon stops filament burning away cause it’s unreactive

Krypton (lasers) - eye surgery

21
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Isotopes are atoms of an element with the normal number of protons and electrons, but different numbers of neutrons. Isotopes have the same atomic number, but different mass numbers.

22
Q

Answer isotope questions on sheet

A

.

23
Q

Why do metals have high boiling and melting points?

A

Because they have strong metallic bonds

24
Q

What are the periods in the periodic table?

A

Number of shells

25
Q

What are the groups on the periodic table?

A

Number of electrons in final shell

26
Q

Draw the ionic bond of calcium chloride

A

.

27
Q

Draw a diagram for the ionic bond of magnesium oxide (on sheet)

A

.

28
Q

When sodium hydroxide reacts with chlorine it makes a chemical used to make bleach. If we use 100g of sodium hydroxide how much chlorine gas should we use to make the bleach?

A

Answer on sheet

29
Q

Explain what happens in the electrolysis of sodium hydroxide

A
  1. The ions separate (Na⁺ Cl⁻ H ⁺ OH⁻)
  2. The positive ions move to the negative electrode (cathode) and the negative ions move to the positive electrode (anode)
  3. The ions are discharged (follow rules)
  4. Positive electrode: 2Cl⁻ - 2e⁻ –> Cl₂
    Negative electrode: 2H⁺ + 2e⁻ –> 2H₂
  5. The substances are used for different purposes
30
Q

What are the rules of electrolysis?

A

Anode: if ions are halogens the halogen is made. If not, oxygen is made.

Cathode: if more reactive than hydrogen, hydrogen is made. If less reactive, metal is produced

31
Q

What does the law of conservation of mass state?

A

Mass of reactants = mass of products

32
Q

Look over conservation of mass question on sheet

A

.

33
Q

What is a base?

A

An insoluble metal hydroxide or metal metal oxide

33
Q

What does insoluble mean?

A

Doesn’t dissolve in water

33
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A soluble metal hydroxide

33
Q

What is the equations for making salts (including alkali)?

A

AASH

Alkali + acid –> salt + H₂O

33
Q

What is the equation for making salts (including base) ?

A

BASH

Base + acid –> salt + H₂0

33
Q

What is a strong acid?

A

An acid that is fully ionised when dissolved in water.

pH 1-3.

33
Q

What is a weak acid?

A

An acid that is partially ionised when dissolved in water

33
Q

What does ionise mean?

A

The molecule splits up into its ions

33
Q

Draw and label the electrolysis diagram on sheet (learn how to do it)

A

.

33
Q

What is the equation for mass of substance?

A

Mass of substance = number of moles x relative formula mass (Mr)

33
Q

What is the units for moles

A

mol

33
Q

What is the equation for concentration?

A

Concentration = mass ÷ volume(dm³)

33
Q

What is the relative atomic mass of NaOH?

A

(23x1) + (16x1) + (1x1) = 40

33
Q

What is the Mr of CaCO₃ ?

A

(1x40) + (12x1) x (16x3) = 100

Chemistry (5 decks)

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