Final Ka Year 10 Chemistry Flashcards
What is represented at the bottom of the element box on the periodic table?
Atomic number (proton and electron number)
What is represented at the top of the element box on the periodic table?
Atomic mass
Which two particles always have the same number?
Protons and electrons
What is group one of the periodic table and what are some facts about them?
1 electron in final shell
Alkaline metals.
Not very dense
Will react with water to form hydrogen
Will react with non metals to form ⁺¹ ionic compounds
As they react with water they form alkaline solutions
Further down the more reactive
What is group 7 of the periodic table and what are some facts about them?
7 electrons in outer shell Halogens Non-metals React with metals to form ⁻¹ ions Further down the less reactive
What is group 0 of the periodic table?
Full outer shell (8)
Noble gases
Chemically unreactive
Stable
Why are group 0 elements chemically unreactive?
They have a full outer shell
What makes two elements not react with each other?
They both have full outer shells
What is an ion?
An element or molecule that has lost electrons following a reaction
What chemical properties do all metals have?
Positive ions. This means they give away electrons in chemical reactions
What chemical properties do all non metals have?
Negative ions. This means they receive electrons in chemical reactions
Lithium + water –> hydrogen + ______
Lithium hydroxide
What happens when alkali metals react with water?
Hydrogen is made and the alkaline solution hydroxide
What happens to group 1 elements the further down they go?
They get more reactive
What happens to group 7 elements as they go down?
They get less reactive
What is ionic bonding?
When a metal reacts with a non-metal. The electron leaves the metal and joins the non-metal
What allows metals to conduct electricity?
Free electrons can move through the metals
What are the typical properties of metals?
Lustrous (shiny)
Hard
High density (are heavy for their size)
High tensile strength (resist being stretched)
High melting and boiling points
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Malleable (can be bent into shape without breaking)
What is the radius of an atom?
1x10⁻¹⁰
What are the main uses of noble gases?
Helium (balloons) - less dense then air, makes it float up
Neon (lighting) - glows when electricity passes through it
Argon (light bulbs) - argon stops filament burning away cause it’s unreactive
Krypton (lasers) - eye surgery
What is an isotope?
Isotopes are atoms of an element with the normal number of protons and electrons, but different numbers of neutrons. Isotopes have the same atomic number, but different mass numbers.
Answer isotope questions on sheet
.
Why do metals have high boiling and melting points?
Because they have strong metallic bonds
What are the periods in the periodic table?
Number of shells
What are the groups on the periodic table?
Number of electrons in final shell
Draw the ionic bond of calcium chloride
.
Draw a diagram for the ionic bond of magnesium oxide (on sheet)
.
When sodium hydroxide reacts with chlorine it makes a chemical used to make bleach. If we use 100g of sodium hydroxide how much chlorine gas should we use to make the bleach?
Answer on sheet
Explain what happens in the electrolysis of sodium hydroxide
- The ions separate (Na⁺ Cl⁻ H ⁺ OH⁻)
- The positive ions move to the negative electrode (cathode) and the negative ions move to the positive electrode (anode)
- The ions are discharged (follow rules)
- Positive electrode: 2Cl⁻ - 2e⁻ –> Cl₂
Negative electrode: 2H⁺ + 2e⁻ –> 2H₂ - The substances are used for different purposes
What are the rules of electrolysis?
Anode: if ions are halogens the halogen is made. If not, oxygen is made.
Cathode: if more reactive than hydrogen, hydrogen is made. If less reactive, metal is produced
What does the law of conservation of mass state?
Mass of reactants = mass of products
Look over conservation of mass question on sheet
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What is a base?
An insoluble metal hydroxide or metal metal oxide
What does insoluble mean?
Doesn’t dissolve in water
What is an alkali?
A soluble metal hydroxide
What is the equations for making salts (including alkali)?
AASH
Alkali + acid –> salt + H₂O
What is the equation for making salts (including base) ?
BASH
Base + acid –> salt + H₂0
What is a strong acid?
An acid that is fully ionised when dissolved in water.
pH 1-3.
What is a weak acid?
An acid that is partially ionised when dissolved in water
What does ionise mean?
The molecule splits up into its ions
Draw and label the electrolysis diagram on sheet (learn how to do it)
.
What is the equation for mass of substance?
Mass of substance = number of moles x relative formula mass (Mr)
What is the units for moles
mol
What is the equation for concentration?
Concentration = mass ÷ volume(dm³)
What is the relative atomic mass of NaOH?
(23x1) + (16x1) + (1x1) = 40
What is the Mr of CaCO₃ ?
(1x40) + (12x1) x (16x3) = 100
