Final > Infectious Agents: Bacteria Flashcards
What are the 2 phyla of gram-positive bacteria?
- Actinobacteria
2. Firmicutes
What are some examples of gram-negative bacterial phyla?
- Proteobacteria
- Cyanobacteria
- Chlamydiae
- Bacteroidetes
- Spirochaetes
- etc.
What is the largest taxonomic group of bacteria? What are the 5 classes within this group?
Proteobacteria can be divided into:
- alphaproteobacteria
- betaproteobacteria
- gammaproteobacteria
- deltaproteobacteria
- epsilonproteobacteria
What are some common traits of alphaproteobacteria?
Capable of growing with very little nutrients. Many have stalks or buds known as prosthecae.
Which alphaproteobacteria is closely related to the mitochondrion 16S rRNA?
Pelagibacter.
Which alphaproteobacteria is an obligate intracellular parasite which is insect-transmitted and can cause spotted fevers?
Rickettsia.
Which alphaproteobacteria is an obligate parasite that can cause brucellosis in humans?
Brucella.
Which betaproteobacteria can cause whooping cough in humans?
Bordetella pertussis.
Which betaproteobacteria can cause gonorrhoea? What about meningitis?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis.
Which gammaproteobacteria can cause tularemia?
Francisella tularensis.
Which gammaproteobacteria can cause wound and urinary tract infections?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Which gammaproteobacteria is resistant to antibiotics and is typically a respiratory pathogen?
Acinetobacter baumanii.
What gammaproteobacteria most commonly causes conjunctivitis?
Moraxella lacunata.
Which gammaproteobacteria found in streams, warm-water pipes, and cooling towers is known to cause legionellosis?
Legionella.
Which gammaproteobacteria can cause cholera?
Vibrionales cholerae.
Which 2 gammaproteobacteria in the order enterobacteriales commonly cause foodborne diseases?
- Escherichia coli
2. Salmonella
Which gammaproteobacteria in the order enterobacteriales causes bacillary dysentery?
Shigella.
Which gammaproteobacteria in the order enterobacteriales produces red pigment and is a common cause of nosocomial infections?
Serratia.
Which gammaproteobacteria in the order enterobacteriales causes plague?
Yersinia pestis! The most memorable one! Wow! So cool!
Which 2 gammaproteobacteria in the order enterobacteriales can cause urinary tract infections and nosocomial infections?
- Enterobacter cloacae
2. Enterobacter aerogenes
Which gammaproteobacteria in the order pasteurellales can cause meningitis, earaches, and epiglottitis? Why is it called this?
Haemophilus influenzae. It was called this because people thought it was the source of influenza. That is, until the actual viral source of influenza was discovered. Now those people look stupid.
Which class of proteobacteria has no known human pathogens?
Deltaproteobacteria!
Which epsilonproteobacteria has a single polar flagellum and can cause foodborne intestinal disease?
Campylobacter jejuni.
Which epsilonproteobacteria has multiple glagella and can cause peptic ulcers/stomach cancer? How was its connection to ulcers confirmed? By who?
Helicobacter pylori. Cause of ulcers confirmed when Barry Marshall drank some H. pylori, developed ulcers, and then treated them with antibiotics. What a mad lad!
What are the 2 types of Chlamydia that we should know? (Hint: one causes trachoma/urethritis and the other causes respiratory psittacosis)
- Chlamydia trachomatis
2. Chlamydia psittaci
Which nonproteobacteria Gram -ve bacteria is found in the mouth and can cause dental abcesses?
Fusobacteria.
Which spirochaete is the cause of syphilis?
Treponema pallidum.
Which spirochaete is the cause of Lyme disease?
Borrelia burgdorferi.
With regards to nucleotide composition, what differentiates the firmicutes from the actinobacteria?
Firmicutes: low G+C ratios
Actinobacteria: high G+C ratios
Which genus of firmicute causes tetanus? What other well-known species also exist in this same genus.
Clostridum tetanus. Along with C. botulinum and C. difficile.
What firmicute in the order Bacillales causes anthrax? What about food poisoning?
Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax while Bacillus cereus causes food poisoning.
What firmicute in the order Bacillales is often antibiotic resistant, causes wound infections, and produces an enterotoxin?
Staphylococcus aureus.
What firmicute in the order Bacillales can contaminate food and cause meningitis?
Listeria monocytogenes.
What firmicute in the order lactobacillales can cause pneumonia?
Streptococcus pneumoniae.
What 2 firmicutes in the order lactobacillales can infect surgical wounds and can be found in the intestinal tract and hospital contaminants.
Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium.
What actinobacteria can cause tuberculosis? What is specific to this bacteria that is a good target for identification?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Contains IS6110 which can be used for identification.
What actinobacteria can cause leprosy? It doesn’t grow well on artificial media, so how do we culture it?
Mycobacterium leprae. Cultured in armadillos (which are immune I guess?).
What actinobacteria causes diptheria? How is it prevented?
Corynebacterium diptheriae (produces an exotoxin). Prevented by a toxoid vaccine based on an inactivated toxin.
How many bacterial species are present - on average - in a gram of soil?
~ 10 000.
What % of bacteria do we think we’ve identified?
~1-5%
