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Chem > Final history > Flashcards

Final history Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the first component to daltons atomic theory

A

All matter is made of atoms. Atoms are indivisible and indestructible

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2
Q

What is the second component to daltons atomic theory

A

All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties

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3
Q

What is the third component to daltons atomic theory

A

Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms

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4
Q

What is the fourth component to daltons atomic theory

A

A chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms

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5
Q

Dalton experimented where

A

England during the 1800s

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6
Q

Dalton thought each element had a unique

A

Mass

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7
Q

Daltona atom did not describe any

A

Subatomic particles

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8
Q

Where were Thomson and Millikan educated

A

Oberlin college Ohio

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9
Q

Millikans oil drop experiment determined

A

The mass to charge ratio of the electron by suspending an oil drop of known mass using a magnetic field

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10
Q

What experiment takes Thomson to his plum pudding model

A

Cathode ray tube

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11
Q

What about thomsons plum pudding model that is different from previous models

A

Showed that most of the atom was positively charged

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12
Q

What did James Chadwick discover

A

Neutrons in the nucleus

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13
Q

What observation led Chadwick to conclude there must be something besides just the proton in the nucleus of atoms

A

By hitting the beryllium plate, he discovered some particles were neutral and called them neutrons

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14
Q

The discovery of the neutron led to the discovery and explanation of

A

How the nucleus is held together known as the Nuclear Strong Force

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15
Q

James Chadwick won the Nobel prize in

A

Physics in the year 1935

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16
Q

Rutherfords contribution to the atomic theory is most famously recognized by

A

His gold foil experiment

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17
Q

Rutherfords experimentation led to the discovery and acceptance of

A

The nucleus

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18
Q

Before rutherfords experimentation, the atom was thought to be ——
However after his research it was accepted that an atom is ——

A

A solid particle

Mostly empty space

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19
Q

Where did Bohr work

A

Copenhagen Denmark

In us on manhatten project

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20
Q

Bohr proposed

A

That electrons occupy energy levels thus preventing them from moving into the nucleus

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21
Q

Bohr discovered that electrons absorb only specific amounts of —-. They Lose it in the form of —- that we see as —-

A

Energy
Radiation
Colored light

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22
Q

Bohrs model only worked for

A

Elements with only one electron

23
Q

What was heisenberga first name

A

Werner

24
Q

Heisenberg was rewarded the novel peace price in physics in 1932 for the creation of

A

Quantum mechanics

25
Q

Before de broglie it was thought that electrons moved in orbits around the nucleus, what did his findings change this understanding to be

A

Wave like properties, moving in waves instead of circular orbits around nucleus

26
Q

De broglies findings explained

A

Why there were restrictions on the locations of electrons

27
Q

Schrödinger was born on

A

August 12th, 1887

28
Q

Schrödinger and who had very similar approaches to the description of electron movement

A

Neil’s Bohr

29
Q

Why isn’t schrödingers model easily represented in a picture

A

Predicts the odds of an electrons location and does not give its specific path, so can’t draw it

30
Q

When does heat increase but temp doesn’t on a heating curve

A

When it’s goings through a phase change

31
Q

Why does it take more heat to boil water than to melt water

A

The attraction is stronger between a solid and liquid, distance smaller
Takes more energy because molecules are more spread out in boiling a liquid

32
Q

Formula for determining energy at a phase (solid, liquid, gas) on heating curve

A

Q=mc/\T

33
Q

Formula for determining energy at a phase change (vaporization, melting) on a heat curve

A

Q=moles of sub X /\H of phase change

Q=mol*/\H

34
Q

Specific heat of water

A

4.18j/g•c

35
Q

How do hot and cold packs work

A

Hot packs- chemical reaction release energy (exo)

Cold packs- chemical reaction take in energy (endo)

36
Q

Thermochemistry

A

The study of energy changes associated with chemical reactions

37
Q

Heat

A

The transfer of thermal energy between two bodies at different temps

38
Q

Thermal energy

A

Energy associated with random movement of atoms or molecules

39
Q

System

A

The specific part of the universe that one is studying

40
Q

Surroundings

A

The rest of the universe, everything but the system

41
Q

Universe

A

The combination of the item under investigation and the immediate factors that can influence it

42
Q

Types of systems

A

Open, closed, isolated

43
Q

Open system

A

Allows transfer of both h energy and mass (coffee cup)

44
Q

Closed system

A

Energy can leave but mass can not, soda can

45
Q

Isolated system

A

Mass not energy transfer can happen (doesn’t exist)

46
Q

Enthalpy (h)

A

The total energy of a system; some of which is stored as chemical energy in the chemical bonds

47
Q

In chemical reactions where does energy come from

A

Bonds broken or made

Energy absorbed from break bonds never equal that released in making new bonds

48
Q

Triangle H means

A

Change in enthalpy, heat given off or absorbed during reaction

49
Q

Triangle H formula equals

A

H products minus H reactants

50
Q

Standard enthalpy of reaction is

A

Triangle H ø

Standard conditions

51
Q

Exothermic reaction,

A

Heat released, negative

52
Q

Calorimetry

A

The temp of a liquid inside a well insulated container (calorimetry) is measured before and after a reaction

53
Q

Specific heat capacity

A

The amount of energy required to raise the temp of one gram of a substance by one degree

Chem (14 decks)

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