Final from quizzes/tests

Question 1

Which of the following drugs is an endogenous catecholamine that increases the release of norepinephrine?
a. Dopamine
b. Albuterol
c. Prazosin
d. Atropine

Answer 1

a- dopamine

Question 2

Your patient is really on top of their medical care. They know all their medications & even take their BP, HR, and weight daily at home! For the last week or so, they’ve noticed
their HR dropping to the 40s. Thus, they stopped taking their beta blocker. What are they at greater risk of?
a. AV heart block
b. Myocardial infarction
c. Hypotension
d. Bronchoconstriction

Answer 2

B- MI
Normally this pt would have a much lower HR contractility and conduction bc of beta blocker. While on beta blocker, receptors upregulated, so if the beta blocker is stopped, the HR, contractility and conduction will overwhelmingly increase. The heart would then need increased O2 bc it is beating harder and faster, causing a possible MI.

Question 3

Your severely asthmatic patient comes to you on their way out of clinic with concerns because the provider just prescribed them metoprolol, a beta antagonist, and they have always been told to not take a beta blocker with their asthma. What is your first course of action?
a. Have them wait in the waiting room while you consult with their provider
b. Advise them to make another appointment with a different provider for a second opinion
c. Teach them how this medication won’t affect their asthma
d. Tell them to just take their albuterol (B2 agonist) when they take their metoprolol

Answer 3

C - Metropol is a beta 1 blocker, the beta receptors in the lungs are beta 2

Question 4

11. Why is atropine (an anticholinergic) not used for hypotension?
    a. There are no muscarinic receptors on vasculature
    b. It causes too much constipation and urinary retention
    c. The drug is too potent; effects would result in hypertension
    d. The muscarinic receptors on vasculature aren’t innervated

Answer 4

D – nothing is dumping NTs on them anyway

Question 5

Why can ephedrine (mixed indirect & direct acting alpha & beta adrenergic agonist) result in more insomnia than epinephrine (direct acting alpha & beta adrenergic agonist)?
a. Ephedrine is a noncatecholamine, thus it can cross the BBB, whereas epinephrine (a
catecholamine) cannot
b. Ephedrine, since it acts indirectly & directly, is more potent
c. Ephedrine has a higher affinity for CNS adrenergic receptors than epinephrine
d. Ephedrine doesn’t agonize alpha2, which normally would result in decreased SNS outflow from the CNS

Answer 5

a

Question 6

Drug that decreases CV M+M
a. nifedipine
b. amioderone
c. diltiazem
d. lisinopril

Answer 6

d. lisinopril because it is an ACE inhibitor

Question 7

When treating a patient with acute decompensated heart failure, the nurse knows the the rationale for administering inotropes such as digoxin by continuous IV infusion is to (select 2):
improved urine output (UOP)
shift Frank-Starling curve up
reduced afterload
decreased cardiac workload

Answer 7

improved urine output (UOP)
shift Frank-Starling curve up

Question 8

Patients with more mild forms of diabetes insipidus often self-compensate with increased fluid intake. After initiation of intranasal desmopressin therapy, it is crucial that fluid intake is decreased to avoid:
polydipsia & polyuria
drowsiness & convulsions
renal impairment
hypertension

Answer 8

drowsiness & convulsions

Question 9

Select the populations that are especially sensitive to drugs:
older adults
neonates & infants
teenagers
pregnant women

Answer 9

older adults
neonates and infants

Question 10

What step in muscular contraction does succinylcholine prevent?
muscle repolarization
presynaptic nerve action potential
nicotinic-m type receptor agonism
muscle depolarization

Answer 10

muscle repolarization

Question 11

Drug A has a half life of 10 hours. How much drug is left in the body after 50 hours?
0%
12.5%
3.125%
50%

Answer 11

3.125

Question 12

Match the insulin formulation with its peak time of action (can use more multiple times)
Insulins:
aspart, lispro, regular, NPH, U-300 glargine, determire
time: none, 30 min, 1 hr, 4 hr, 10 hr

Answer 12

aspart/lispro: 30 mins
regular: 1 hr
NPH: 4 hr
U-300 glargine: none
determir: 10 hr

Question 13

Which is contraindicated for postpartum hemorrhage in a patient with SEVERE asthma?
methylergonovine (Methergine)
misoprostol (Cytotec)
caboprost tromethamine (Hemabate)
oxytocin (Pitocin)

Answer 13

caboprost tromethamine (Hemabate)

Question 14

Which of the following drugs can precipitate bronchospasm in a severely asthmatic patient?
labetalol
glycopyrrolate
metoprolol
prazosin

Answer 14

labetalol

Question 15

Cessation of effect & metabolism of norepinephrine is primarily via:
enzymatic breakdown in synaptic cleft
reuptake into nerve terminal & repacking into vesicles for future use
metabolism by COMT in the liver
reuptake into the nerve terminal & metabolism by MAO enzymes

Answer 15

reuptake into the nerve terminal & metabolism by MAO enzymes

Question 16

Which is a benefit of raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), when compared with supplemental estrogen?
ERMs do not carry a risk of thrombosis
raloxifene prevents hot flashes and other menopausal symptoms
raloxifene stops bone turnover for 2 years or longer
SERMs are protective against breast cancer

Answer 16

SERMs are protective against breast cancer

Question 17

Concurrent administration of MAO inhibitors and ingestion of tyramine-containing foods can result in:
severe hypertension & tachycardia
generalized tonic-clonic seizures
CNS depression and coma
decreased absorption of the drug

Answer 17

severe hypertension & tachycardia

Question 18

Buspirone is commonly used in the treatment of anxiety because it has minimal side effects and:
administration is once monthly subQ
provides some euphoria
no drug interactions
no abuse potential

Answer 18

no abuse potential

Question 19

Which of the following laxatives would be expected to produce results the FASTEST?
senna
docusate
polyethylene glycol
psyllium

Answer 19

polyethylene glycol

Question 20

Your patient requires NSAIDs to manage chronic inflammation due to rheumatoid arthritis. In order to prevent gastric ulceration development in this patient, a good choice drug would be:
calcium carbonate (Tums)
sucralfate
misoprostol
omeprazole

Answer 20

misoprostol