CV Flashcards
Adverse effects of Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypochloridemia
hypotension, hypovolemia
can increase uric acid levels
Effects/uses of Mannitol
strong diuresis,
rapid volume excretion needed for increased: ICP and IOP, renal fxn preservation
Blood is hypotonic: meaning, what is given
meaning: low solutes in blood, fluid going into cells,
give: hypertonic fluids (3% or 5% NaCl, 10% dextrose water (D10W)
Blood is isotonic: meaning, what is given
meaning: blood = same as cells about 280-300
give: isotonic (NS (0.9%), D5W)
Blood is hypertonic: meaning, what is given
Meaning: blood has high solutes (>300), risk for cellular dehydration
give: hypotonic (1/2 NS 0.45% NaCl)
Potassium Salts: uses, AE
Use: hypokalemia
AE: rapid can cause cardiac arrest, can be irritating to veins
Magnesium Salts: uses, nursing considerations
use: hypomagnesemia
considerations: dilute and infuse slowly, monitor for s/s of hyperMg (less activity - breathing, HR, muscles)
Effects of ARBs and direct renin inhibitors (remember they work in slightly different ways)
decreased vasoconstriction
increased Na+/H20 excretion and K+ retention
Decreased CV remodeling
AE of ARBs and Direct renin inhibitors
hypotension, dehydration, hyperK+
cough (less than ACE)
angioedema
fetal injury
AE of nondihydropyridines
constipation, dizziness, facial flushing, head ache, edema
bradycardia, heart block, decreased contractility –> decreased CO
drug interactions with nondihydropyridines
beta blockers
digoxin
AE of dihydropyridines
flushing, dizziness, HA, peripheral edema, increased myocardial O2 demand
drug interaction with dihydropyridines
beta blockers
AE of Hydralazine
SLE like syndrome, HA, dizziness, fatigue r/t hypotension
Drug interactions with nitroglycerin
hypotensive drug effects can be intensified
Contraindicated w/ PDE5 inhibitors
Caution w/: BB, calcium channel blockers, diuretics
What class are Quinidine and procainamide
class Ia antidysrhythmic
use of class Ia antidyrthmics
atrial and ventricular arrhythmias
AE of class Ia antidysrhythmics
anticholinergic (interact with M receptors)
What class is lidocaine
IB antidysrhythmic
Indications for lidocaine
post MI and other ventricular arrythmias
Uses of Class IC antidysrhythmics
supraventricular tachycardia, and a fib
Can we give desmopressin (DDAVP) for hemophilia A? Why or why not? Describe the mechanism of action of the drug.
This drug releases factor 8 clotting factors from the vasculature into the blood, it can be given for hemophilia A because the issue is producing/releasing these factors, so it increases the amount of factor 8 in the blood. It is preferred for mild forms
Understand the general ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of blood cholesterol. (In general, I don’t need you to memorize little details).What is the purpose of these guidelines?
The purpose of the guidelines is how to decide who to treat and to what intensity they need to be treated. It separates patients into two categories (high and very high risk), and subdivides high risk by age to determine who should receive the most aggressive statins
Who should be screened
Who is at risk (ASCVD 10 yr risk assessment)
Treatment: lifestyle modifications + low/med/high drug therapy
How should your patient’s HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor dosing be adjusted with acute renal failure?
Their CK should be checked, if it is elevated (which it will be) the drug should be discontinued