Final for Government

Question 1

Civil disobedience

Answer 1

Breaking the law in a nonviolent fashion and being willing to suffer the consequences, even to the point of going to jail, in order to publicly demonstrate that the law is unjust.

Question 2

deviating election

Answer 2

election in which the minority party captures the white house because of short-term intervening forces, and thus a deviation from the expectation that power will remain in the hands of the dominant party.

Question 3

federal matching funds

Answer 3

system under which presidential candidates who raise enough money in the required way may apply for and receive matching federal grants.

Question 4

Good-Character Test

Answer 4

a requirement that voting applicants wishing to vote produce two or more registered voters to vouch for their integrity

Question 5

Initiative

Answer 5

a proposal submitted by the public and voted on during the elections

Question 6

Political Violence

Answer 6

violent actions motivated primarily by political aims ans intended to have political impact

Question 7

Poll Tax

Answer 7

a fee that had to be paid before one could vote

Question 8

Protest

Answer 8

expression of dissatisfaction; may take the form of demonstrations, or simple “opting out” of the system by not voting or participating

Question 9

Referendum

Answer 9

a proposal submitted by state legislature to the public for popular vote. Often focusing on whether a state should spend money a certain way

Question 10

split-ticket ballots

Answer 10

ballots on which people vote for candidates from more than one party

Question 11

straight-party ticket

Answer 11

ballots on which people vote for candidates from only one party

Question 12

De jure equality

Answer 12

Equality before the law. It disallows legally mandated obstacles to equal treatment, such as laws that prevent people from voting, living where they want to, or taking advantage of all the laws of the federal, state and, and local government.

Question 13

De facto equality

Answer 13

Equality of results, which measures real world obstacles to equal treatment. For example; do people actually live where they want? Do they work under similar conditions?

Question 14

Black Codes

Answer 14

Laws restricting the civil rights of African Americans.

Question 15

Suffrage

Answer 15

The right to vote.

Question 16

State Action

Answer 16

Action taken by state officials or sanctioned by the state law.

Question 17

Jim Crow laws

Answer 17

Laws passed by southern states that separated the races in public places such as railroads, streetcars, schools, and cemeteries.

Question 18

Desegregation

Answer 18

The elimination of laws and practices that mandate racial separation.

Question 19

Integration

Answer 19

Government efforts to valence the racial composition in schools and public places.

Question 20

Boycott

Answer 20

Refusal to patronize any organization that practices policies perceived as politically economically, or ideologically unfair.

Question 21

Sit-In

Answer 21

A protest technique in which protesters refuse to leave an area.

Question 22

sexism

Answer 22

Prejudice against the female gender.

Question 23

Public Policies

Answer 23

The decision, action, and commitments of government.

Question 24

Public Agenda

Answer 24

The set of topics that concern policy elites, the general public, or both.

Question 25

Triggering Mechanism

Answer 25

A critical development that converts a routine problem into a widely shared, negative public response.

Question 26

Policy Evaluation

Answer 26

The required period of monitoring and analysis of federal policies following their implementation.

Question 27

Poverty Level

Answer 27

The federally determined income below which a family of four is considered poor.

Question 28

Entitlements

Answer 28

Government-sponsored benefit and cash payment of those who meet eligibility requirements.

Question 29

Economic Policy

Answer 29

Policy aimed at producing a vibrant, healthy, and growing economy.

Question 30

Defecit

Answer 30

A shortage between the monies a government takes in and spends.

Question 31

Tariffs

Answer 31

The imposition of import taxes on foreign goods in an attempt to protect a nation’s industry and/or labor.

Question 32

Progressive Tax

Answer 32

System of taxation in which those who make more money are taxed at a higher rate. Example: income tax

Question 33

Regressive Tax

Answer 33

System of taxation in which taxes take a higher fraction of the income of lower income taxpayers. Example: taxes in gas, alcohol, cigarettes, etc.

Question 34

Capital Gains Tax

Answer 34

Tax on unearned income from rents, stocks, and interest.

Question 35

Excise Taxes

Answer 35

Charges on the sale or manufacture of products such as cigarettes, alcohol, and gas.

Question 36

National Debt

Answer 36

The cumulative total of all budget deficits.

Question 37

Discretionary Spending

Answer 37

The spending congress actually controls; 33 percent of all spending.

Question 38

Issue Advocacy

Answer 38

the process of campaigning to persuade the public to take a position on an issue

Question 39

Maintaining Election

Answer 39

election in which the majority party of the day wins both the white house and congress maintaining its control on the government

Question 40

Policy Entrepreneurs

Answer 40

leaders who invest in and create the conditions for, a potential group to become and actual interest group.

Question 41

Civil Rights

Answer 41

The constitutionally guaranteed rights that the government may not arbitrarily remove. Among those rights are the right to vote and equal protection under the law.

Question 42

Culture Theory

Answer 42

A theory that individual preferences emerge from social interaction in defending or opposing different ways of life.

Question 43

Fighting Words

Answer 43

certain expressions so volatile that they are deemed to incite injury and are therefore not protected under the 1st Amendment.

Question 44

Gender Gap

Answer 44

a difference in the political opinions of men and women

Question 45

Generational Effect

Answer 45

socialization patterns in which a generation of adults who grew up during certain decade or period appear to have their own outlook, differentiating themselves from the previous age.

Question 46

Hate Speech

Answer 46

speech or symbolic actions intended to inflict emotional distress, to defame, or intimidate people.

Question 47

Intensity

Answer 47

in public opinion, a measure of the depth of feeling associated with a given opinion.

Question 48

Libel

Answer 48

published material that damages a person’s reputation or good name in an untruthful and malicious way. Libelous material is not protected under the 1st Amendment.

Question 49

Literacy Test

Answer 49

a requirement that voting applicants had to demonstrate an understanding of national and state constitutes. Primarily used to keep African Americans from voting in the south.

Question 50

Party Identification

Answer 50

a psychological orientation, or long term propensity to think and vote regularly for a particular party

Question 51

socialization

Answer 51

the process by which people learn about the world of politics.