Chapter 11

Question 1

actual groups

Answer 1

interest groups that have already been formed; they have headquarters, and organization, structure, paid employees, memberships, and the like.

Question 2

collective action

Answer 2

The political action of individuals who unite to influence policy.

Question 3

factions

Answer 3

A number of citizens whether they amount to the majority or minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse, passion or interest.

Question 4

free riders

Answer 4

members who invest no time or money in an interest group but still share in the collective benefits of group action.

Question 5

grassroots activity

Answer 5

the rallying of group members as well as the public behind a lobby’s cause

Question 6

gridlock

Answer 6

a condition in which major government initiatives are impossible because of a closely balanced partisan division in the government structure, accompanied by an unwillingness to work together toward a compromise, produces a stalemate

Question 7

policy networks

Answer 7

networks characterized by a wide ranging discussion of options as issued are resolved, creating a more inclusive and less conspiratorial image of policy practice than iron triangles do.

Question 8

group maintenance

Answer 8

activities by an interest group meant to affect policy including enrolling new members and providing benefits for them

Question 9

iron triangles

Answer 9

informal three-way relationships that form between key legislative committees, the bureaucracy, and interest groups with a vested interest in the policies created by those agencies and committees

Question 10

interest groups

Answer 10

formal organizations of people who share a common outlook or social circumstance and who band together in the hopes of influencing government policy

Question 11

issue advertisements

Answer 11

advertisements in a political campaign funded by an interest group advocating a position on an issue but technically not supporting a specific candidate

Question 12

lobbying

Answer 12

a formal organization attempt to influence legislation, usually through direct contact with legislators and their staffs.

Question 13

netizens

Answer 13

groups of people joined in a cyber-society for political purposes.

Question 14

policy entrepreneurs

Answer 14

leaders who invest in and create the conditions for, a potential group to become and actual interest group.

Question 15

potential groups

Answer 15

interest groups that could form under the right circumstances; as of yet they have no substantive form and may never have one;but they cannot be discounted by political participants

Question 16

public interest groups

Answer 16

groups that focus not on the immediate economic livelihood of their members,but on achieving a broad set of goals that represent their members vision of the collective good.

Question 17

super- PACs

Answer 17

lobbying organizations under IRS regulation 501, in which unlimited amounts of unregulated money can be raised to lobby for issues or candidates so long as their is no coordination with a specific candidate