Final Flashcards Part 2
Branches of which cranial nerve are desensitized by a dentist giving a shot of Novocain to block pain transmission from the teeth
trigeminal
Which of the following are general somatic senses?
touch, pain, and pressure
The vagus nerve __________
shares responsibility for swallowing with the glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal nerves
Cutting or damaging one of the abducens nerves would result in what deficit(s)? Choose all answers that are correct
The eye turning medially when at rest and the inabillity to move the eye laterally.
In which region do ventral rami of spinal nerves not form plexuses?
T2-T12
Cindy’s physician noted her recent difficulties in speaking and swallowing, as well as tongue deviation toward the left side. The physician is not a neurologist, but she suspected nerve damage. What was the physician’s educated guess? Cindy’s physician noted her recent difficulties in speaking and swallowing, as well as tongue deviation toward the left side. The physician is not a neurologist, but she suspected nerve damage. What was the physician’s educated guess? Cindy’s physician noted her recent difficulties in speaking and swallowing, as well as tongue deviation toward the left side. The physician is not a neurologist, but she suspected nerve damage. What was the physician’s educated guess?
Hypoglossal
Which type of receptor is located in musculoskeletal organs such as skeletal muscles, tendons, joints, and ligaments?
proprioceptors
Which cranial nerve(s) is/are involved in innervating the eye? Which cranial nerve(s) is/are involved in innervating the eye? Which cranial nerve(s) is/are involved in innervating the eye?
trochlear
Why is the sense of touch not considered a “special sense”?
Its receptors are widespread throughout the body.
Why can corneas be transplanted from one person to another, with minimal risk of rejection?
There are no blood vessels in the cornea, so it is out of reach of the immune system.
In describing the distribution of photoreceptors on the retina, which of the following statements is true
Cones are more concentrated on the posterior retina, particularly at the fovea centralis
The basal parts of the hair cells in the crista ampullaris of the semicircular canals synapse with the fibers of the_________________ nerve
vestibular
True or False. Olfactory sensory neuron axons form cranial nerve II.
FALSE
True or False. Olfactory sensory neurons synapse with mitral cells in the olfactory bulbs
TRUE
True or False. Olfactory sensory neurons can be replaced throughout life
TRUE
True or False. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar neurons.
TRUE
If Renée needs her glasses in order to see faraway objects clearly, is she nearsighted or farsighted? Discuss the condition and how her glasses correct it
She is near sighted. She can’t see faraway because her eye is longer than her focal point.
Which auditory ossicle vibrates against the oval window
Stapes
True or False: The fifth taste sensation, umami, is elicited by glutamate, a substance naturally found in some foods to enhance other taste qualities.
TRUE
What is the function of the vitreous humor?
helps maintain intracular pressue & transmits light & holds the neural layer firmly against the pigmented layer & suports the posterior surfaces of the lens
What happens to hormonal secretion of a certain hormone in a negative feedback loop if the level of that hormone falls below its set point
More of that hormone is secreted, and when the hormonal level reaches its maximum set point, secretion is halted
The ability of a target cell to respond to a hormone depends on the presence of specific ______________ molecules on the target cell to which that hormone can bind
Receptor
The pars nervosa, median eminence, and infundibular stalk are all part of the __________.
neurohypophysis
Which of the following sequences correctly traces the hormonal pathway after the brain perceives a stressful situation?
Hypothalamus secretes CRH; CRH signals ACTH to be released; adenohypophysis secretes ACTH; ACTH travels to the adrenal cortex; ACTH signals glucocorticoid secretion from adrenal cortices
What do all adrenal gland hormones (adrenal cortex and adrenal medullary hormones) have in common?
They help people cope with extreme situations associated with danger, terror, or stress
The various endocrine cells of the body are stimulated to make and secrete hormones by which type(s) of stimuli?
neural, hormonal, Humoral
Oxytocin, the “cuddle hormone,” is produced in which structure(s)?
suprachiasmatic nucleus
Examples of steroid hormones include all of the following, except _____
Insulin
Hematopoiesis is __________, and it occurs in the __________ of a fetus less than 7 months old
the process by which blood cells are formed / liver and spleen
Platelets are membrane-enclosed fragments of cytoplasm that form by breaking off from large cells called ___________________.
Mega Karyocytes
______________________________is the ability of leukocytes to actively squeeze between endothelial cells that form capillary walls
Diapedesis
What causes the red color of blood?
Oxidation of iron atoms in hemoglobin
Andrew, a 15-year-old, undergoes weekly sessions of removal of approximately half a liter of his blood. He is not suffering from an infection, and his condition is actually quite common. As a matter of fact, both his parents have the same condition. What is a possible explanation for his condition
He has hematoposis, where his blood thickens.This runs in Families
The pericardial cavity
Lies between the parietal and Visceral layers of the serous pericardium
Where does blood flow directly after being in the pulmonary veins
left atrium
The blood supply to the heart itself is delivered by the
right and left coronary arteries
Parasympathetic innervation of the heart __________.
Slows the hearts rate. Occurs through branches of the vagus nerve
Muscular arteries _
range from 1 cm to 0.3 mm in diameter and supply groups of organs, individual organs, and parts of organs
_____________________are wide, leaky capillaries that occur in regions where there is exchange of large materials, such as proteins or cells, between blood and tissue
Stnuiods
The arteries most directly supplying the occipital lobes and inferior and middle temporal lobes are the _____
posterior cerebral arteries
Methods by which veins counteract low venous pressure and help move the blood back to the heart include ______
valves and the skeletal muscle pump
Where does external respiration take place
between oxygen in alveoli and the capillaries in the lungs
____________________is a slippery substance secreted in the lungs that reduces surface tension and prevents collapse of the alveoli
Surfantant
In blowing out a candle, which respiratory muscles would you be using
primarily the external and internal oblique muscles and the transversus abdominis
air passageway; prevents food from entering the lower respiratory tract
Larynx
air passageway; filters, warms, and moistens incoming air
Trachea
passageway for air and food
Pharynx
produces mucus; filters, warms, and moistens incoming air; resonance chambers for speech
Nose
