Final flashcards part 1
The median plane is the same as the __________.The median plane is the same as the __________.
midsagittal plane
Which system of the body forms blood cells?
Skeletal
The knee is ______ to the hip
distal
Visceral peritoneum covers the ______.
liver
Which set of orientation and directional terms is not a pair of anatomical opposites?Which set of orientation and directional terms is not a pair of anatomical opposites?
inferior : lateral
The right upper quadrant contains all or part of the __________.
liver, stomach, and gallbladder
Someone studying anatomy by the regional approach could study __________.Someone studying anatomy by the regional approach could study __________.
all the muscles, nerves, and blood vessels of individual areas of the body
The mediastinum contains ______.
the heart, esophagus, and trachea
Which substance is found between visceral serosa and parietal serosa of all serous cavities?
serous fluid
The assembly of proteins from amino acids by ribosomes is called:
translation
Phase in which cells are growing vigorously and are metabolically active.
G1
Phase in which chromosomes align at the middle of the cell.
Metaphase
When ring of contractile actin and myosin filaments constrict to pinch the cell into two daughter cells.
Cytokinesis
When centromeres of chromosomes split; each chromatid becomes a chromosome
Anaphase
Phase in which DNA replicates
S Phase
When mitotic spindle formation occurs, and fragmentation of the nuclear envelope occurs.
Prophase
Functionally, cells that connect body parts or cover and line organs include all of the following except__________.
Fat Cells
If a cell lacked lysosomes, what vital process would not occur?
digestion of unwanted substances by enzymes such as acid hydrolase
If we disrupt the microtubules of a cell, name one process that would be disrupted
Intracellular transport would be disrupted
How might we disrupt those microtubules?
Drugs*
The control center for the cell, which is responsible for transmitting genetic information and providing instructions for protein synthesis, is:
the nucleus
Which of the following are characteristic shapes of epithelial tissues?
columnar, cuboidal, and squamous
The functions of simple squamous epithelial tissues include which of the following:
diffusion, filtration, and secretion
Which muscle tissue type primarily occurs in walls of the digestive and urinary organs, the uterus, and blood vessels?
smooth muscle
Hyaline cartilage is distinguished from other types of cartilage by what characteristic(s)?
Its collagen fibers are imperceptible
Which cell type secretes the fibers of areolar connective tissue?
Fibroblast
The primary role of transitional epithelial tissue is
Strectching
Gastric glands are of which type?
simple branched tubular
What is true of all epidermal cell layers superficial to the stratum granulosum?
They are dead.
What is the “Rule of Nines”?
a quick way to determine how much of the skin’s surface has been burned
Which type of cell is found in all layers of the epidermis?
keratinocytes
Pre-keratin filaments are abundantly found in which epidermal stratum?
stratum granulosum
This type of skin cancer is marked by asymmetry, irregular border, color (pigmentation) and diameter larger than a pencil eraser
Melanoma
How worrisome is that type of skin cancer?
It is the most Aggesive
Sebaceous glands are simple branched alveolar glands with several alveoli opening into a simple duct, but the alveoli are actually filled with cells, so there is no lumen. True or False
TRUE
the body hair of women and children is of what type?
vellus
What is the importance of the perichondrium that surrounds cartilage?
It functions in growth and repair of cartilage and It resists outward expansion when cartilage is subjected to pressure
Put the steps of intramembranous ossification in the correct order
3142
Cartiliage types: glassy, imperceptible collagen fiber
hyaline cartilage
Cartiliage types: annulus fibrosus of intervertebral discs and meniscus
fibrocartilage
Cartiliage types: tolerates repeated bending
elastic cartilage
After secondary ossification centers have appeared in endochondral bone, where are the only places that hyaline cartilage remains?
epiphyseal plates and articular cartilage
The child of an acquaintance suffers pain when weight is placed on affected bones, accompanied by weakened and bowed leg bones. What is a possible diagnosis, and why does this condition occur?
Rickets
The epiglottis consists of which type of tissue?
elastic cartilage
Put the stages of bone healing in order.
Hematoma, Internal callus, Bony callus of spongy bone, Bone remodeling
Cartilage-forming cells in the perichondrium actively secrete matrix in a process called
appositional growth
Most of the articulation of which structures enable the head to nod up and down (that is, to nod “yes”)?
occcipital condyles and superior articular facets of the atlas vertebra C1
Which of the above is the principal articulation that allows you to shake your head “no”?
inferior articular facets of the atlas vertebra C1 and the dens of the axis vertebra C2
Mastoid air cells are located in the mastoid process of the ________________
Temporal bone
What does your book identify as the purpose of the sutural bones? Are they the same in different individuals?
The purpose is unknown, same individuals don’t have them, they are typically in the sutures.
The posterior longitudinal ligament functions in __________.
preventing hyperflexion
Peter was born with a condition where the soles of his feet turn medially and the toes point inferiorly. What condition is this, and what is the probable cause? Are there treatments for this condition?
This is club feet and is caused by the feet turning inward and down. A surgrey would fix this but in same sounmes the surgery istn’t as easily availble.
Which statement best describes the ease of movement of lower versus upper limbs?
Lower limbs are more stable, and they have less freedom of movement
Which feature of the ulna is separated from the bones of the wrist by a disc of fibrocartilage but plays little or no role in hand movements?
head of unlna and styloid process
The _________________, during childhood, consists of three separate bones: ilium, ischium and pubis
Pelvis
The largest bone of the human body is the ______________________. Would the same be true of a dog? Explain.
Femur: no they do not stand uprite so their legs are short compaired to the rest of their body.
Gomphoses, sutures, and syndesmoses __________.
are all types of fibrous joints
Structures common to all synovial joints are __________. Select all answers that are correct
nerves, blood vessels, and articular cartilage
In which joints are articulating surfaces a major contributor to joint stability?
Elbow joint, hip joint
type of movement: movement of a limb away from the body midline
Elevation
type of movement: increases the angle between the joining bones
Abduction
type of movement: turning the sole of the foot laterally
Extesion
type of movement: movement of a limb or finger so it describes a cone in space
Exersion
type of movement: rotating the forearm so the palm faces posteriorly
Circumduction
___ arthritis is a disorder characterized by uric acid buildup in body fluids and urate crystals precipitating in synovial membranes
Gout
Which of the following is a syndesmosis?
the glenohumeral joint
The metacarpophalangeal joint allows which of the following movements?
flexion of fingers
Which of the following are important similarities among skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle?
All three depend on myofilaments for contraction and their plasma membrane is called a sarcolemma
Endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium __________.
Are each continous with tendons, Are the connective tissue sheaths around skeletal muscle fibers, muscle sascicles, and whole muscle, respectively.
Slow oxidative muscle fibers ____________.
have abundant myoglobin and numerous mitochondria, are prevalent in postural muscles of the back.
T tubules ____________.
are deep invaginations of the sarcolemma, conduct impulses into the deepest region of muscle fibers
Third-class levers always______
Third-class levers always operate at a mechanical disadvantage
the levator scapulae is a muscle that is named for its ____________.
location , Action
class of fascicle arrangement: Extensor digitorum longus(leg)
Unipennate
class of fascicle arrangement: Rectus Femoris
Bipennate
class of fascicle arrangement: Biceps brachii
Parallel
class of fascicle arrangement: Pectorallis Major
Convergent
________are muscles that help the prime mover by adding force or reducing undesirable movements that the prime mover produces
Synergist
