FINAL FINAL

Question 1

Capacitaiton

Answer 1

Removal of protective cover off head of sperm.

Activation of sperm motility

Question 2

_____ acts as filter to remove abnormal sperm

Answer 2

Mucus. Must be porous for conception to occur.

Question 3

Areas in hospitable to sperm (2):

Answer 3

Vagina

Uterus

Question 4

Percentage of sperm that reach the oocyte

Answer 4

0.0005% (~200 out of ~40 million)

Question 5

Vulvodynia

Answer 5

Chronic pain in vulvar area

Relieved by removal of some basal tissue

Question 6

Vaginismus

Answer 6

Involuntary contraction of perenial muscle making intercourse painful or impossible

Question 7

Cumulus cells

Answer 7

Cells surrounding and protecting the egg

Question 8

Collective endeavor

Answer 8

Multiple sperm required to pierce through cumulus cells

Question 9

Acrosome reaction

Answer 9

Sperm attaches to reinforced cover (zona pellucida)

Activated chemical drill to penetrate glycoproteins.

Question 10

Cortical reaction

Answer 10

Zona pellucida becomes impenetrable to prevent polyspermy

Question 11

Developmental steps (10)

Answer 11

Fertilization > zygote > 2 cell > 4 cell > 8 cell > 8 cell compacted morula > 16 cell morula > 32 cell morula > early blastocyst > late blastocyst

Question 12

Day 0
Day 3
Day 4
Day 8
Implantation range

Answer 12

Day 0 Amullary region
Day 3 development in fallopian
Day 4 enter uterus
Day 8 late blastocyst
Implantation range 6-14 days

Question 13

Implantation

Answer 13

8 days after conception

Question 14

Embryonic Period

Answer 14

8th week

When organogenesis is initiated

Question 15

Fetus

Answer 15

9-10 weeks

Organogenesis is complete including placenta

Question 16

Epitheliochorial placenta

Answer 16

(Hippos and pigs)

Layer of fetal tissue merely pressed close against the uterus wall

Question 17

Hemochorial

Answer 17

Maternal blood is in direct contact with the chorion

Question 18

Cortisol

Answer 18

Hormone responsible for initiating the birthing process

Question 19

Effacement

Answer 19

Dialation/thinning of cervix

Question 20

Birth: Stage I

Answer 20

Effacement (8-12 hr)

Question 21

Birth: Stage II

Answer 21

Delivery of baby (1-2 hr)

Question 22

Birth: Stage III

Answer 22

Placental expulsion (10-20 min)

Question 23

Episiotomy

Answer 23

Cutting of the vagina to facilitate birth

Question 24

Lochia

Answer 24

Postpartum bleeding

Question 25

Preeclampsia

Answer 25

Unknown cause, affects pregnant women, swollen hands and feet (indentation)

Question 26

Eclampsia

Answer 26

Caused by complications of preeclampsia. convulsions, death

Question 27

Gestational diabetes

Answer 27

Occurs in pregnant women only
Reduced insulin synthesis
7 fold higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes

Question 28

Premature birth

Answer 28

Live infant before 37 weeks

Question 29

Stillborn

Answer 29

fetus in-utero death or during delivery

Question 30

___% of optimal ‘fertile’ cycles lead to live birth

Answer 30

30%

Question 31

Abortion

Answer 31

Termination before 28 weeks

Question 32

Spontaneous abortion

Answer 32

Miscarriage before 20th week

Question 33

2 kinds of induced abortions

Answer 33

Theraputic (mother’s life in danger)

Elective

Question 34

1st state to liberalize abortion laws

Answer 34

Colorado

Question 35

FACE

Answer 35

Freedom of Access to Clinical Entrance 1994

Question 36

Drug abortion

Answer 36

7 wk. 2 pills: first one reduces blood supply to uterus, blocking P4 from interacting with endometrium, the second contracts the uterus to expell the embryo

Question 37

Dilation and curettage

Answer 37

6 wk pregnancy. Embryo is scraped off the uterine wall

Question 38

Manual/Electric vacuum aspiration

Answer 38

12 wk. embryo is suctioned out of the uterus

Question 39

Dilation and extraction

Answer 39

2nd trimester: fetus is chopped up and extracted

Question 40

Abortion method developed in nazi camps

Answer 40

Injection of concentrated salt solution into amniotic sac

Question 41

Hysterotomy

Answer 41

removal of the amniotic sac pre-birth

Question 42

Abortion complications

Answer 42

1. Bleeding
2. Infection
3. Infertility
4. Death

Question 43

Coitus obstructus

Answer 43

intentional retrograde ejaculation

Question 44

Margaret Sanger

Answer 44

Coined the term ‘birth control’

Mother of reproductive freedom, founded American Birth Control League

Question 45

Bill Baird

Answer 45

‘father of contraception’, landmark ruling changed accessibility to contraception

Question 46

Modern birth control pills:

Answer 46

flood system with P4 which impedes ovulation, thins endometrium, removes secretory phase, and thickens cervical mucus. 21 day hormone, 7 days placebo

Question 47

Vaginal hormonal rings

Answer 47

Increase risk of cancer/side effects

Question 48

STDs vs STIs

Answer 48

STDs can be cured, STIs are lifelong and may not manifest physically

Question 49

Chlamydia

Answer 49

Bacterial.
Spread by unprotected sex.
Male: Urethral discharge, burning during urination.
Female: Irritation, discharge, pelvic pain.
Long term: eye infections
TREATABLE

Question 50

Gohorrhea

Answer 50

Bacterial.
Male: malodorous discharge, burning during urination.
Female: inflammation, post coital bleeding
TREATABLE

Question 51

Syphilis - Primary

Answer 51

Bacterial.
Transmitted by contact with syphilis sore
single painless sore in penis, vagina, anus, mouth
TREATABLE

Question 52

Syphilis - Secondary

Answer 52

6 months after initial sore.
Bacterial.
rash, itchy skin, as bacteria spreads through body via blood stream