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Human Sexuality > FINAL FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

Capacitaiton

A

Removal of protective cover off head of sperm.

Activation of sperm motility

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2
Q

_____ acts as filter to remove abnormal sperm

A

Mucus. Must be porous for conception to occur.

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3
Q

Areas in hospitable to sperm (2):

A

Vagina

Uterus

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4
Q

Percentage of sperm that reach the oocyte

A

0.0005% (~200 out of ~40 million)

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5
Q

Vulvodynia

A

Chronic pain in vulvar area

Relieved by removal of some basal tissue

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6
Q

Vaginismus

A

Involuntary contraction of perenial muscle making intercourse painful or impossible

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7
Q

Cumulus cells

A

Cells surrounding and protecting the egg

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8
Q

Collective endeavor

A

Multiple sperm required to pierce through cumulus cells

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9
Q

Acrosome reaction

A

Sperm attaches to reinforced cover (zona pellucida)

Activated chemical drill to penetrate glycoproteins.

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10
Q

Cortical reaction

A

Zona pellucida becomes impenetrable to prevent polyspermy

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11
Q

Developmental steps (10)

A

Fertilization > zygote > 2 cell > 4 cell > 8 cell > 8 cell compacted morula > 16 cell morula > 32 cell morula > early blastocyst > late blastocyst

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12
Q 
Day 0
Day 3
Day 4
Day 8
Implantation range
A 
Day 0 Amullary region
Day 3 development in fallopian
Day 4 enter uterus
Day 8 late blastocyst
Implantation range 6-14 days
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13
Q

Implantation

A

8 days after conception

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14
Q

Embryonic Period

A

8th week

When organogenesis is initiated

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15
Q

Fetus

A

9-10 weeks

Organogenesis is complete including placenta

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16
Q

Epitheliochorial placenta

A

(Hippos and pigs)

Layer of fetal tissue merely pressed close against the uterus wall

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17
Q

Hemochorial

A

Maternal blood is in direct contact with the chorion

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18
Q

Cortisol

A

Hormone responsible for initiating the birthing process

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19
Q

Effacement

A

Dialation/thinning of cervix

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20
Q

Birth: Stage I

A

Effacement (8-12 hr)

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21
Q

Birth: Stage II

A

Delivery of baby (1-2 hr)

22
Q

Birth: Stage III

A

Placental expulsion (10-20 min)

23
Q

Episiotomy

A

Cutting of the vagina to facilitate birth

24
Q

Lochia

A

Postpartum bleeding

25
Q

Preeclampsia

A

Unknown cause, affects pregnant women, swollen hands and feet (indentation)

26
Q

Eclampsia

A

Caused by complications of preeclampsia. convulsions, death

27
Q

Gestational diabetes

A

Occurs in pregnant women only
Reduced insulin synthesis
7 fold higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes

28
Q

Premature birth

A

Live infant before 37 weeks

29
Q

Stillborn

A

fetus in-utero death or during delivery

30
Q

___% of optimal ‘fertile’ cycles lead to live birth

A

30%

31
Q

Abortion

A

Termination before 28 weeks

32
Q

Spontaneous abortion

A

Miscarriage before 20th week

33
Q

2 kinds of induced abortions

A

Theraputic (mother’s life in danger)

Elective

34
Q

1st state to liberalize abortion laws

A

Colorado

35
Q

FACE

A

Freedom of Access to Clinical Entrance 1994

36
Q

Drug abortion

A

7 wk. 2 pills: first one reduces blood supply to uterus, blocking P4 from interacting with endometrium, the second contracts the uterus to expell the embryo

37
Q

Dilation and curettage

A

6 wk pregnancy. Embryo is scraped off the uterine wall

38
Q

Manual/Electric vacuum aspiration

A

12 wk. embryo is suctioned out of the uterus

39
Q

Dilation and extraction

A

2nd trimester: fetus is chopped up and extracted

40
Q

Abortion method developed in nazi camps

A

Injection of concentrated salt solution into amniotic sac

41
Q

Hysterotomy

A

removal of the amniotic sac pre-birth

42
Q

Abortion complications

A
  1. Bleeding
  2. Infection
  3. Infertility
  4. Death
43
Q

Coitus obstructus

A

intentional retrograde ejaculation

44
Q

Margaret Sanger

A

Coined the term ‘birth control’

Mother of reproductive freedom, founded American Birth Control League

45
Q

Bill Baird

A

‘father of contraception’, landmark ruling changed accessibility to contraception

46
Q

Modern birth control pills:

A

flood system with P4 which impedes ovulation, thins endometrium, removes secretory phase, and thickens cervical mucus. 21 day hormone, 7 days placebo

47
Q

Vaginal hormonal rings

A

Increase risk of cancer/side effects

48
Q

STDs vs STIs

A

STDs can be cured, STIs are lifelong and may not manifest physically

49
Q

Chlamydia

A

Bacterial.
Spread by unprotected sex.
Male: Urethral discharge, burning during urination.
Female: Irritation, discharge, pelvic pain.
Long term: eye infections
TREATABLE

50
Q

Gohorrhea

A

Bacterial.
Male: malodorous discharge, burning during urination.
Female: inflammation, post coital bleeding
TREATABLE

51
Q

Syphilis - Primary

A

Bacterial.
Transmitted by contact with syphilis sore
single painless sore in penis, vagina, anus, mouth
TREATABLE

52
Q

Syphilis - Secondary

A

6 months after initial sore.
Bacterial.
rash, itchy skin, as bacteria spreads through body via blood stream

Human Sexuality (5 decks)

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