Final- Figurative Terms

Question 1

the inclusive term for words that are used in ways that depart conspicuously from their literal applications, such as to achieve special meanings or effects.

Answer 1

figurative language

Question 2

designates what most speakers would perceive as the standard meaning of words, or as their standard order or syntactical sequence

Answer 2

literal language

Question 3

words or phrases used in ways that effect an obvious change in their standard meaning

Answer 3

trope

Question 4

a figure of thought in which one kind of thing is compared to a markedly different object, concept, or experience; the comparison is made explicit by the word “like” or “as”

Answer 4

simile

Question 5

a word or phrase that in literal use, designates one kind of thing is applied to a conspicuously different object, concept or experience, without asserting an explicit comparison

Answer 5

metaphor

Question 6

the aspect that holds the meaning

Answer 6

tenor

Question 7

the part that conveys the comparison

Answer 7

vehicle

Question 8

occurs when two or more incongruous vehicles are applied to the same tenor

Answer 8

mixed metaphor

Question 9

a trope that is sustained through several lines, ringing changes on the multiple relevance of the vehicle to the tenor

Answer 9

extended metaphor

Question 10

the underlying meaning or set of meanings that provide one of the chief challenges and gratifications of literature

Answer 10

subtext

Question 11

a figure of thought (or trope) in which an abstract concept, animal, or inanimate object is treated a though it were alive or had human attributes

Answer 11

personification

Question 12

an extended form of of personification, in which an abstract concept is presented as though it were a character who speaks and acts as an independent being

Answer 12

allegory

Question 13

a special type of personification, in which inanimate aspects of nature, such as the landscape or the weather, are represented as having human qualities or feelings

Answer 13

pathetic fallacy

Question 14

a figure of thought in which the term for part of something is used to represent the whole, or less commonly, the term for the whole is used to represent a part

Answer 14

synecdoche

Question 15

a trope which substitutes the name of an entity with something else that is closely associated with it

Answer 15

meonymy

Question 16

consists of implying a meaning different from, and often the complete opposite of, the one that is explicitly stated

Answer 16

verbal irony

Question 17

refers to an implication of alternate or reversed meaning that pervades a work

Answer 17

structural irony

Question 18

occurs when the audience is privy to knowledge that one or more of the characters lacks

Answer 18

dramatic irony

Question 19

refers to an implied worldview in which characters are led to embrace false hopes of aid or success, only to be defeated by some larger force, such as God or fate

Answer 19

cosmic irony

Question 20

a trope in which a point is stated in a way that is greatly exaggerated

Answer 20

hyperbole

Question 21

a form of irony in which a point is deliberately expressed as less, in magnitude, value, or importance, than it actually is

Answer 21

understatement

Question 22

a trope in which a statement that appears on the surface to be contradictory or impossible turns out to express an often striking truth

Answer 22

paradox

Question 23

a compressed paradox that closely inks two seemingly contrary elements is a way that, on further consideration, turns out to make good sense.

Answer 23

oxymoron

Question 24

a figure of thought in which a point is affirmed by negating its opposite

Answer 24

litotes

Question 25

a figure of thought in which a point is stated by deliberate circumlocution, rather than directly

Answer 25

periphrasis

Question 26

a figure of thought that plays on words that have the same sound (homonyms), or closely similar sounds, but have sharply contrasted meaning

Answer 26

pun

Question 27

a special form of the pun, in which a word or phrase that has disparate meanings is used in a way that makes each meaning equally relevant

Answer 27

equivoque

Question 28

an address to a dead or absent person or to an inanimate object or abstract concept

Answer 28

apostrophe

Question 29

a special form of apostrophe, in which the poet addresses an appeal to a muse or god to inspire the creative endeavor

Answer 29

invocation

Question 30

a figure of speech in which a question is posed not to solicit a reply but to emphasize a foregone or clearly implied conclusion

Answer 30

rhetorical question

Question 31

the intentional repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of successive lines, stanzas, sentences, or paragraphs

Answer 31

anaphora

Question 32

a figure of speech in which words or phrases that are parallel in order and syntax express opposite or contrasting meanings

Answer 32

antithesis

Question 33

a figure of speech in which two successive phrases or clauses are parallel in syntax, but reverse the order of the analogous words

Answer 33

chiasmus