Final: Female Repro

Question 1

Define Oogenesis:

Answer 1

is a meiotic process that begins during embryonic development and culinates in the formation of a single haploid oocyte and “three” polar bodies.

Question 2

Where do the primordial germ cells develop from?

Answer 2

from the germinal epithelium of the indifferent gonad early in embryonic development, migrate into the future ovaries to become OOGONIA

Question 3

Oogonia:

Answer 3

are surrounded by a single layer of nongerminal granulosa cells

Question 4

what is a primary follicle?

Answer 4

the oogonium plus granulosa cells

Question 5

The primary oocyte (ovum) becomes arrested during?

Answer 5

the diplotene state of prophase I.

• all primary oocytes are arrested during the diplotene state of meiosis I during embryonic development

Question 6

What happens to most of the primary oocytes before birth?

Answer 6

they become atretic (degenerate)

Question 7

initially there are ~7 million oogonia cells, after birth how many are there?

Answer 7

500,000

Question 8

when does one of the primary oocytes complete the first stage of meiosis?

Answer 8

beginning at puberty

Question 9

once the primary oocyte completes the first stage of meiosis it becomes?

Answer 9

a secondary oocyte + polar body

Question 10

after a seondary oocyte completes the second half of meiosis it becomes?

Answer 10

ootid + polar body

Question 11

where does fertilization occur?

Answer 11

at the second metaphase stage of oogenesis

-meiosis is not complete unless fertilization occurs.

Question 12

What are the ovarian phases of the menstral cycle?

Answer 12

days 5-14: follicular growth
day 14: ovulation
Days 14-23 devel. of corpusluteum
days 24-28: regression of corpus lutem

Question 13

What are the uterine phase of the menstral cycle?

Answer 13

Days 1-5: menstration
Days 4-14: proliferation
Days: 14-28 secretion

Question 14

hypothalamic releasing hormone: gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)

Answer 14

it is secreted in short pules averaging once every 90 minutes, as occurs in males.

Question 15

what are the two anterior pituitary sex hormones

Answer 15

FSH, LH

Question 16

What are the two ovarian hormones

Answer 16

estrogen and progesteron

Question 17

what hormones have almost no secretion throughout childhood and are small glycoproteins with MW of about 30,000?

Answer 17

anterior pituitary sex hormones: FSH, LH

Question 18

what do FSH and LH combine wtih?

Answer 18

highly specific receptors in ovarian target cell membranes

Question 19

Signal transduction from the combination of what hormones involving the cAMP second messenger system leads to the formation of protein kinase and multiple phosphorylations.

Answer 19

FSH, LH

Question 20

what are primordial follicles surrounded by?

Answer 20

single layers of granulosa cells

Question 21

what do granulosa cells do throughout childhood?

Answer 21

provide nourishment for the ovum.

and secrete oocyte maturation-inhibiting factor, keeping ovum suspended in its primordial state.

Question 22

The duration of the menstrual cycle averages 28 days….what is the range

Answer 22

20-45 days

Question 23

Theca interna:

Answer 23

cells become epithelioid and develop the ability to secrete estrogen and progesteron

Question 24

Theca externa

Answer 24

will become the protective capsule of the developing follicle

Question 25

Granulosa cells

Answer 25

• secrete a follicular fluid containing a high concentration of estrogen.
• This cause an antrum to appear.

Question 26

This is referred to as spindle-shaped cells aroudn follicles from multiple layers around each follicle

Answer 26

Theca

Question 27

What is the first state of follicular growth?

Answer 27

moderate enlargement of the ovum itself, which increases in diameter 2-3x

Question 28

after enlargement of the ovum, growth of additional layers of granulosa cells in some of the follicles leads to :

Answer 28

secondary follicles

Question 29

When do concentrations of both FSH and LH increase slightly?

Answer 29

during the first few days of menstrual cycle.

-FSH slightly greater than LH

Question 30

What does an increase in both FSH and LH lead to?

Answer 30

growth of multiple follicles