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Pharm 2 Jack > Final Extra Cards > Flashcards

Final Extra Cards Flashcards

1
Q

what slows down re-epithelialization

A

Anesthetic eye drop agents (e.g. Opthane)

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2
Q

what does fluorescein do to contact lenses

A

stains them

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3
Q

class of Cyclosporine/ Restasis

A

Initially marketed and widely used to prevent tissue rejection following transplant surgery, also used in very dilute form as a wetting agent for dry eyes.

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4
Q

MOA of Cyclosporine/ Restasis

A

T-cell inhibition diminishes inflammation which allows for an increase in tear production.

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5
Q

ind. of Cyclosporine/ Restasis

A

chronic dry eyes

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6
Q

class of Tetrahydrozoline/ Visine

A

Ocular astringent, redness reliever

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7
Q

MOA of Tetrahydrozoline/ Visine

A

vascoconstriction

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8
Q

ind. of Tetrahydrozoline/ Visine

A

“Gets The Red Out® “, allergies

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9
Q

class of Azelastine/ Optivar

A

Ocular antihistamine

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10
Q

MOA of Azelastine/ Optivar

A

blocks H1 receptor sites

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11
Q

ind. of Azelastine/ Optivar

A

allergic conjunctivitis

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12
Q

class of Ketorolac/ Acular

A

ocular NSAID

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13
Q

MOA of Ketorolac/ Acular

A

cyclooxygenase inhibitor

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14
Q

ind. of Ketorolac/ Acular

A

ocular discomfort from swelling

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15
Q

side effects of Ketorolac/ Acular

A

Use of ocular NSAIDs does not have increased risk for development of cataracts and drug induced glaucoma associated with ocular steroids.

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16
Q

class of Bacitracin-Polymyxin B/ Polysporin Ophthalmic

A

antibiotic

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17
Q

ind. of Bacitracin-Polymyxin B/ Polysporin Ophthalmic

A

Bacterial conjunctivitis, blepharitis, corneal ulcers, styes, and infected tear ducts. Prophylactic use after corneal abrasion.

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18
Q

MOA of Bacitracin-Polymyxin B/ Polysporin Ophthalmic

A

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. Char: Solutions, ointments. Applied in different time schedules.

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19
Q

class of Vidarabine/ Ara-A

A

antiviral, specific for HSV

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20
Q

ind. of Vidarabine/ Ara-A

A

HSV keratoconjunctivitis

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21
Q

MOA of Vidarabine/ Ara-A

A

inhibits viral DNA synthesis

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22
Q

Glaucoma is usually treated with what drugs

A

Beta blockers and prostaglandin analogs

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23
Q

class of Timolol/ Timoptic

A

Ocular Beta-adrenergic antagonist

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24
Q

ind. of Timolol/ Timoptic

A

glaucoma

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25
Q

MOA of Timolol/ Timoptic

A

Blocks the ocular effects of epinephrine which serves to reduce the production of the aqueous humor.

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26
Q

side effects of Timolol/ Timoptic

A

Systemic absorption may result in several side effects such as the worsening of asthma or emphysema, low blood pressure, fatigue, and impotence.`

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27
Q

class of Latanoprost/ Xalatan

A

selective prostaglandin recepto agonist

28
Q

MOA of Latanoprost/ Xalatan

A

selective prostaglandin receptor agonist that increases uveoscleral outflow thus improving the outflow of aqueous humor and reducing intraocular pressure.

29
Q

side effects of Latanoprost/ Xalatan

A

Generally few side effects, may cause local irritation, possible darkening of the iris to brown (heterochromia), lengthening, thickening and darkening of the eyelashes

30
Q

what is a solution

A

medication dissolved in a solvent

31
Q

what is a lotion

A

powder in water or oil suspension

32
Q

what is a cream

A

water in oil emulsion

33
Q

what is an ointment

A

oil in water emulsion

34
Q

Increased skin penetration of an agent occurs with

A

decreased molecular size, increased lipid content and increased concentration of the agent

35
Q

why do topical doses given to children have potentially greater systemic effect than when given on adults

A

children have greater ratio of surface area to mass than adults

36
Q

class of Polymyxin B - Neomycin/ Neosporin

A

topical antimicrobial

37
Q

ind. of Polymyxin B - Neomycin/ Neosporin

A

Superficial bacterial skin infections, eyes and external ear infection. Used prophylactically against bacterial contamination of abrasions, burns, skin grafts or incisions. Application may prevent infection and permit normal healing.

38
Q

MOA of Polymyxin B - Neomycin/ Neosporin

A

Polymyxin disrupts the structure of the bacterial cell membrane by interacting with phospholipids. Bacitracin interferes with the peptidoglycans of the bacterial cell wall.

39
Q

serious side effect of Polymyxin B - Neomycin/ Neosporin

A

Avoid use of otic solution when perorated TM is known or suspected because of potential ototoxicity from Neomycin.

40
Q

Polymyxin B - Neomycin/ Neosporin may also be prepared w/ a

A

corticosteroid

41
Q

class of Mupirocin/ Bactroban

A

Topical antibiotic

42
Q

ind. of Mupirocin/ Bactroban

A

Impetigo as well as other skin infections caused by bacteria. Highly active against Staph and Strep. Usually used in conjunction with oral or IV antibiotics in the treatment of MRSA. It is not effective against fungal or viral infections.

43
Q

MOA of Mupirocin/ Bactroban

A

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

44
Q

class of Ketoconazole/ Nizarol

A

topical antifungal

45
Q

ind. of Ketoconazole/ Nizarol

A

Superficial fungal infection such as tinea pedis, tinea cruris and tinea corporis (ring worm), superficial yeast infections and seborrheic dermatitis.

46
Q

MOA of Ketoconazole/ Nizarol

A

inhibits sterol synthesis

47
Q

most potent class of topical glucocorticoids

A

class 1

48
Q

least potent class of topical glucocorticoids

A

class 7

49
Q

most potent form of topical steroids

A

halogenated corticosteroids

50
Q

class of Hydrocortisone/ Cortef

A

Glucocorticoid/corticosteroid

51
Q

MOA of Hydrocortisone/ Cortef

A

Anti-inflammatory. Affects gene transcription to either stimulate or repress protein production.

52
Q

MOA of retinoids

A

Cellular proliferation and differentiation, immune function, inflammation and sebum production may all be modified by retinoid treatment.

53
Q

when treating MRSA with it is recommended that ____ be applied to the ____

A

Mupirocin/Bactroban applied to the nares

54
Q

class of Tretinoin/ Retin A

A

Vitamin A derivative

55
Q

ind. of Tretinoin/ Retin A

A

acne and treatment of photo-damaged skin

56
Q

MOA of Tretinoin/ Retin A

A

Reduction of hyperkeratinization that leads to microcomedone formation, the initial lesion in acne. Retin A also increases epidermal thickness and increases dermal collagen synthesis.

57
Q

class of Isotretinoin/ Accutane

A

vitamin A derivative

58
Q

ind. of Isotretinoin/ Accutane

A

Acne, acne rosacea and hidradenitis supperativa

59
Q

MOA of Isotretinoin/ Accutane

A

Reduction of hyperkeratinization, reduction in sebaceous gland number and sebum production and reduction of Propionibacterium acne, the organism that is believed to contribute to acne associated inflammation.

60
Q

Side effects of Isotretinoin/ Accutane

A

Teratogenicity – most noted in the first three weeks of gestation. Pregnancy is an absolute contraindication to the use of isotretinoin. Two forms of birth control are usually recommended in all females of child bearing years who are using this drug.

61
Q

what condition would you not want to use a topical corticosteroid with

A

perioral dermatitis

62
Q

step-wise progression of treating psoriasis

A
  • Topical corticosteroids
  • Topical vitamin D (ex. Calciprotriene)
  • Topical vitamin A analogs (ex. Tazarotine)
  • Phototherapy
  • Systemic therapy including oral steroids, chemotherapy agents (i.e. Methotrexate) and TNF-α inhibitors (i.e. Infliximab/ Remicade, and Etanercept/ Enbrel)
63
Q

what is phototherapy?

A
  • Phototherapy is the term used to describe the use of electromagnetic non-ionizing radiation (usually ultraviolet A or B) as a therapeutic agent.
  • Phototherapy generally involves the use of UVB although psoralen + UVA (PUVA) is still used.
  • Photochemotherapy implies that an agent such as a psoralen drug (i.e. Methoxsalen) is added to the treatment.
64
Q

what is PUVA?

A

PUVA stands for psoralen (P) and ultraviolet A (UVA) therapy in which the patient is first given a psoralen (a drug containing chemicals that react with ultraviolet light) and then exposed to UVA light.

Used to treat psoriasis.

65
Q

MOA of PUVA

A

The mechanism of action of PUVA therapy is not fully understood. There is evidence that the therapy induces an anti-inflammatory affect through immunosuppression as well as an inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis.

66
Q

Most serious side effect of PUVA

A

The most serious chronic side effect of PUVA therapy is an increased risk for the development of skin cancer.

Pharm 2 Jack (7 decks)

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