Final Exam - Weeks 11 & 12

Question 1

What is knowledge translation?

Answer 1

Knowledge translation is the process of bridging the gap between research and practice, with the goal of applying research findings to improve health outcomes and inform policy and practice decisions. It involves moving knowledge from the academic or research setting to the real-world setting, where it can be used to benefit individuals, communities , and society.

Question 2

What is the main goal of KT?

Answer 2

The main goal of KT is to ensure that research findings are translated into practice and policy, with the ultimate aim of improving health outcomes and reducing health inequities. It is particularly important to the health care field, where the adoption of evidence-based practices can improve patient outcomes and quality of care.

Question 3

Contextualization and integration of research findings of individual studies within the larger body of research on the topic.

Answer 3

Knowledge synthesis.

Question 4

Explain dissemination as it relates to knowledge translation process.

Answer 4

Dissemination refers to the process of sharing research findings and information with relevant stakeholders in a way that is accessible and relevant to their needs. Dissemination is an important part of the knowledge translation process, as it helps ensure that research findings are widely shared and used to inform policy and practice decisions.

Question 5

____________ involves identifying the appropriate audience and tailoring the message to that audience.

Answer 5

Dissemination.

Question 6

Knowledge exchange and knowledge dissemination are related but distinct concepts, explain.

Answer 6

Knowledge dissemination refers to the process of sharing information or knowledge with a broader audience, typically through formal or informal means of communication such as publications, presentations, or media. The primary focus is on getting the information out to as many people as possible.

Knowledge exchange, on the other hand, is a more interactive process that involves sharing knowledge between individuals or groups. It involves a two-way flow of information, where both parties contribute to and benefit from the exchange of knowledge. The focus is on creating dialogue and mutual learning, rather than just one-way communication.

Question 7

Participatory action research is an example of knowledge exchange, true or false?

Answer 7

True.

Question 8

Explain end-of-grant knowledge transfer.

Answer 8

End of grant knowledge transfer refers to the process of sharing research findings, outcomes, and other knowledge generated during a research project with relevant stakeholders, such as other researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and the wider public. This process typically occurs at the end of a grant-funded research project when the research team is expected to disseminate the results and share knowledge with others.

Question 9

The goal of ______________________________ is to ensure that the research findings are translated into practical and actionable knowledge that can be used to improve health outcomes and reduce health inequities. This involves identifying the most relevant and appropriate knowledge transfer methods for the specific research project, and ensuring that the knowledge transfer activities are tailored to the needs of the target audience.

Answer 9

End-of-grant knowledge translation

Question 10

_________________________ is an approach to knowledge transfer that seeks to integrate the research process with knowledge translation activities, in order to ensure that research findings are effectively disseminated and used to inform policy and practice decisions.

Answer 10

Integrated knowledge translation (IKT)

Question 11

The __________________ approach involves engaging with stakeholders throughout the research process, building partnerships and collaborations, and ensuring that the research is grounded in real-world practice.

Answer 11

Integrated knowledge translation (IKT)

Question 12

What are the two approaches to knowledge translation according to the CIHR?

Answer 12

End of grant knowledge translation and integrated knowledge translation

Question 13

_______________________________ is a linear approach that focuses on disseminating research findings to relevant stakeholders after the completion of a research project. The goal of ________________________ is to ensure that research findings are accessible, understandable, and relevant to those who could benefit from them.

Answer 13

End-of-grant knowledge translation (EoG KT)

Question 14

_______________________________, is a collaborative approach that involves engaging with stakeholders throughout the research process, from the initial planning stages to the dissemination of research findings. The goal of _______________________________ is to facilitate the co-production of knowledge between researchers and stakeholders, and to ensure that research findings are tailored to the needs of the target audience and are effectively translated into practice.

Answer 14

Integrated knowledge translation (IKT)

Question 15

While both approaches to knowledge translation aim to improve the uptake and use of research findings, __________________ is considered to be more effective in promoting sustainable change in healthcare practice and policy, as it involves ongoing collaboration and engagement with stakeholders. __________________recognizes the importance of building relationships with stakeholders, and involves them as active participants in the research process, which increases the likelihood that research findings will be relevant and useful to them.

Answer 15

Integrated knowledge translation.

Question 16

What is planned change theory in the context of knowledge translation?

Answer 16

A framework that can be used to guide the implementation of evidence-based practices into healthcare settings. The planned change theory proposes a systematic approach to change management, which involves several stages that must be completed to ensure successful implementation of research findings into practice.

Question 17

The ______________________ in knowledge translation emphasizes the importance of involving stakeholders in the implementation process, as well as ensuring that the implementation plan is tailored to the needs of the target audience. It also recognizes the importance of effective communication, leadership, and support in implementing successful change.

Answer 17

Planned change theory.

Question 18

In the knowledge-to-action cycle, the knowledge funnel represents what steps?

Answer 18

Knowledge inquiry, knowledge synthesis, knowledge tools/products.

Question 19

What is a evidence-to-practice gap?

Answer 19

Refers to the disparity between what scientific evidence suggests is an effective intervention, and what is actually implemented in real-world practice. This gap exists when research findings are not fully or effectively integrated into clinical or public health policy.

Question 20

How are evidence-to-practice gaps identified?

Answer 20

Systematic reviews: Systematic reviews of the literature can identify gaps between what scientific evidence suggests is effective and what is actually being implemented in practice.

Health needs assessments: Health needs assessments can identify areas where evidence-based practices are needed and where gaps may exist in current practice.

Performance measurement: Performance measurement can identify areas where there is a gap between desired and actual performance.

Clinical audits: Clinical audits can identify gaps between the care provided and best practice guidelines.

Patient feedback: Patient feedback can identify areas where patients perceive a gap between the care they received and their expectations.

Expert opinion: Expert opinion can be used to identify areas where there is a need for new research or where current research is not being translated into practice effectively.

Question 21

The knowledge to action process starts by identifying…

Answer 21

An evidence-to-practice gap.

Question 22

Explain stakeholders in research.

Answer 22

In research, a stakeholder is any individual, group, or organization that has a direct or indirect interest in the research project or its outcomes. Stakeholders may include patients, healthcare providers, policymakers, researchers, advocacy groups, or others who are impacted by the research or who can influence its implementation.

Question 23

Name some ways to assess barriers/facilitators to knowledge use.

Answer 23

• Individual interview methods
• Group interview methods
• Literature studies
• Questionnaire survey methods
• Direct observation
• Mixed methods

Question 24

As a therapist understanding your ___________________ will help determine which knowledge translation interventions can work for you.

Answer 24

practice style

Question 25

Knowledge translation interventions should be developed in direct response to identified __________________________.

Answer 25

Barriers and facilitators.

Question 26

Three elements should be considered when designing a Knowledge translation intervention, what are they?

Answer 26

• What component of the intervention is meant to address the identified facilitators/barriers?
• Why was the intervention component selected?
• How is the intervention component expected

Question 27

________________ component knowledge translation strategies for intervention are better than ____________________ component knowledge translation strategies.

Answer 27

Multi-component
Single-component

Question 28

Passive dissemination is ineffective, why?

Answer 28

Ineffective. Passive dissemination of research findings, such as publishing research papers or presenting findings at conferences, can be ineffective in promoting the use of research evidence in practice. This is because passive dissemination does not actively engage potential users of the evidence, nor does it provide guidance on how the evidence can be integrated into practice.

Question 29

Active dissemination is more effective than passive, why?

Answer 29

Active dissemination strategies that engage stakeholders and provide guidance on how to use research evidence have been shown to be more effective in promoting the uptake and use of evidence in practice. By using active dissemination strategies, researchers can increase the likelihood that their research will have an impact on improving healthcare delivery and patient outcomes.

Question 30

Explain the implementation model used to inform evidence-based practice.

Answer 30

1. Once a clinical problem or issue is identified, write as a clinical question (PICO).
2. Search for evidence related to the question.
3. Critically appraise evidence to determine the evidence that best inform the clinical question.
4. Speak with the client and their family and decide in partnership with them whether to act upon the evidence.
5. Evaluate the outcomes of these actions.
6. Save the evidence-based information you have acquired for the future reference for you and your colleagues.