Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Top 200 I (2020) > Final Exam Week 1-3 > Flashcards

Final Exam Week 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

ACE-I

A 
benazepril (Lotensin®)
enalapril (Vasotec®)
lisinopril (Zestril®, Prinivil®)
lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide (Zestoretic®, Prinizide®)
ramipril (Altace®)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

benazepril

A

Lotensin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

enalapril

A

Vasotec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

lisinopril

A

Zestril, Prinivil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide

A

Zestoretic, Prinizide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ramipril

A

Altace

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Angiotensin-II Receptor Blockers

ARB

A

irbesartan (Avapro®)
irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide (Avalide®)
losartan (Cozaar®)
losartan/hydrochlorothiazide (Hyzaar®)
olmesartan (Benicar®)
olmesartan/hydrohlorothiazide (Benicar HCT®)
valsartan (Diovan®)
valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide (Diovan HCT®)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

irbesartan

A

Avapro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

irbesartan/ hydrochlorothiazide

A

Avalide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

losartan

A

Cozaar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

losartan/ hydrochlorothiazide

A

Hyzaar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

olmesartan

A

Benicar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

olmesartan/hydrohlorothiazide

A

Benicar HCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

valsartan

A

Diovan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

valsartan/ hydrochlorothiazide

A

Diovan HCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ACE-I Ending

A

-pril

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ARB Ending

A

-sartan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ACE-I Indications

A

o High blood pressure
o Heart failure
o Post heart attack
o Myocardial infarction (MI) = heart attack
o Kidney protection in diabetes (Nephropathy = kidney disease, Renal = kidney)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ACE-I Adverse Effects

A

Common

  • Dry cough (increase in bradykinin)
  • Low blood pressure (hypotension; Too low: Dizziness, faintness, fatigue)
  • Increased serum creatinine (SCr) (Marker of kidney function)
  • Elevated potassium (hyperkalemia)
  • Increase in SCr and hyperkalemia are typically high when people 1st start the drug

Serious
- Angioedema (Higher chance in African Americans)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ARB Adverse Effects

A

Common

  • Low blood pressure (hypotension; Too low: Dizziness, faintness, fatigue)
  • Increased serum creatinine (SCr) (Marker of kidney function)
  • Elevated potassium (hyperkalemia)
  • Increase in SCr and hyperkalemia are typically high when people 1st start the drug

Serious
- Angioedema (Decreased Risk!)

  • Dry cough should NOT occur!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ACE-I Drug Interactions

A
  • Should not be administered with ARB or Renin Inhibitor
  • Caution with potassium supplements and potassium-sparing drugs (spironolactone, triamterene)
  • Should not administer with an NSAID (ibuprofen, naproxen; reverse activity on blood flow in the kidney)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ACE-I & ARB Patient Counseling

A
  • Counsel on signs of dry, hacky cough
  • Counsel women of child bearing age about risk of fetal harm and contraception
  • Counsel patients on signs and symptoms of angioedema (Go to ER immediately if occurs)
  • Monitor potassium intake if potassium levels are high on ACE-Is or ARBs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Beta Blockers (BBs) AKA …

A

Beta-adrenergic antagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Beta Blockers (BBs) Ending

A

-olol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Beta Blockers (BBs)

A 
atenolol (Tenormin®)
carvedilol (Coreg®)
metoprolol tartrate (Lopressor®)
short-acting; twice daily
metoprolol succinate (Toprol XL®)
long-acting; once daily
nebivolol (Bystolic®)
propranolol (Inderal LA®, Inderal XL®)
26
Q

atenolol

A

Tenormin

27
Q

carvedilol

A

Coreg

28
Q

metoprolol tartrate

A

Lopressor

29
Q

metoprolol succinate

A

Toprol XL

30
Q

nebivolol

A

Bystolic

31
Q

propranolol

A

Inderal LA, Inderal XL

32
Q

How many times a day should metoprolol tartrate be taken?

A

twice daily (short acting)

33
Q

How many times a day should metoprolol succinate be taken?

A

once daily (long acting)

34
Q

Carvedilol (Coreg) has activity at …

A

alpha receptors

35
Q

Nebivolol (Bystolic) also releases …

A

nitric oxide, causing vasodilation

36
Q

Where are Beta-1 located?

A

heart

37
Q

Where are Beta-2 located?

A

blood vessels, GI tract, lungs

38
Q

How do BBs affect Beta-1 receptors?

A

Prevents an increase in heart rate and frequency of contraction causing decreased heart rate and blood pressure.

39
Q

How do BBs affect Beta-2 receptors?

A

Prevents constriction of vasculature, causing vasodilation

40
Q

Which BBs dilate blood vessels and decrease heart rate?

A

Nebivolol and Carvedilol

41
Q

What is a selective beta blocker?

A

Selectively block beta-1 receptors

42
Q

What is a nonselective beta blocker?

A

Antagonize both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors without preference

43
Q

Selective Beta Blockers

A

atenolol
metoprolol tartrate
metoprolol succinate
nebivolol

44
Q

Nonselective Beta Blocker

A

carvedilol

propranolol

45
Q

Beta Blocker FDA Approved Indications

A 
o	High blood pressure
o	Chest pain (angina)
o	Post heart attack (MI)
o	Abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia)
o	Heart failure (Carvedilol, metoprolol succinate ONLY)
46
Q

Beta Blocker Adverse Effects

A

Common

  • Low blood pressure (hypotension)
  • Low heart rate (bradycardia)
  • Fatigue!!!
  • Decreased sexual ability

Severe

  • Worsening heart failure symptoms
  • Shortness of breath (bronchoconstriction); Risk is greater with nonselective
47
Q

Beta Blocker Drug Interactions

A
  • Antidiabetic agents and insulin (mask the signs and symptoms of low blood sugar - Check blood sugar more often)
  • Decrease heart rate (Non-DHP CCBs, amiodarone, clonidine, digoxin)
48
Q

Beta Blocker Patient Counseling Points

A
  • Patients should be made aware that they will experience fatigue
    (WILL RESOLVE AFTER 2-4 WEEKS)
  • Patients should be counseled to not abruptly discontinue therapy (Counsel on signs and symptoms of low BP and low HR)
  • Counsel patients with diabetes, asthma, or COPD about precautions with associated disease
49
Q

Non-DHP Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs)

A

diltiazem (Cardizem®, Cardizem CD®, Cardizem LA®, Cartia XT®, Tiazac®)
verapamil (Calan®, Calan SR®, Verelan®)

50
Q

Diltiazem

A

Cardizem, Cardizem CD, Cardizem LA, Cartia XT, Tiazac

51
Q

Verapamil

A

Calan, Calan SR, Verelan

52
Q

Non-DHP Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) FDA Approved Indications

A
  • High blood pressure (hypertension)
  • Abnormal heart rate (arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation)
  • Chest pain (angina)
53
Q

Non-DHP Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) Adverse Effects

A
  • Low heart rate and blood pressure symptoms
  • Constipation (42%)
  • Gums overgrowth (gingival hyperplasia
54
Q

Non-DHP Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) Drug Interactions

A
  • Beta blockers, amiodarone, digoxin: dual heart rate slowing
  • Carbamazepine: decreases blood pressure effects of verapamil/diltiazem
  • Statins (atorvastatin, lovastatin, simvastatin): Increases levels of statins
55
Q

Non-DHP Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) Patient Counseling Points

A
  • Sustained release formulations should be taken with food or milk (DO NOT CRUSH; Capsule contents can be sprinkled on food)
  • Counsel patients about likelihood of constipation
  • Counsel patients about signs of low blood pressure
56
Q

Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists

A

clonidine (Catapres®)

57
Q

clonidine

A

catapres

58
Q

Avaliable dosage forms of clonidine (Catapres®) are …

A

tablet (IR, ER) and patch formulations

59
Q

Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists FDA Approved Indications

A

IR and Patch: High blood pressure

60
Q

Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists Adverse Effects

A

Common

  • orthostatic hypertension (drop in blood pressure from moving too quickly)
  • drowsiness
  • dry mouth
  • headache

Serious
- Low heart rate

Patch
- skin reaction to patch adhesive

61
Q

Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists Drug Interactions

A

Additive sedation

  • CNS depressants
  • alcohol

Beta blockers
- high risk of low blood pressure/heart rate (AVOID USE TOGETHER!)

62
Q

Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists Patient Counseling

A
  • Patches should not be cut

- Apply one patch every 7 days

Top 200 I (2020) (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions