final exam vocab 2

Question 1

a series of interconnected units that carries out a chemical transformation, including rxn, separation, and energy transfer, to create a specific product at a desired scale

Answer 1

chemical process

Question 2

basic step in a process, typically involving a physical change or chemical transformation such as separation, crystallization, evaporation, filtration, or rxn

Answer 2

unit operation

Question 3

a unit operation where a hot, pressurized liquid is quickly depressurized, forming two product streams, one liquid and one vapor, with different composition

Answer 3

flash

Question 4

chemical or physical CONDITION which has the potential to cause damage to people, property, or the environment

Answer 4

hazard

Question 5

measure of human injury, environmental damage, or economic loss in terms of both likelihood and magnitude

Answer 5

risk

Question 6

steady-state rxr vessel that has a mixer and receives a cts feed stream, reacts it and outputs output stream

Answer 6

cts stirred tank rxr

Question 7

long cylindrical vessel which is used to carry out a chemical rxn

Answer 7

plug flow rxr

Question 8

heat exchanger where fuel is burned with air or oxygen to release energy and heat a process stream

Answer 8

fired heater

Question 9

reactor which contains a solid material that acts as a catalyst for a rxn

Answer 9

packed bed rxr

Question 10

mathematical model that provides a relation between the pressure, temp, and moar volume of matter. ideal gas law is an example

Answer 10

equation of state

Question 11

any substance at a temp and pressure above its critical point, where distinct liquid and gas phases DNE, but below the pressure required to compress it into a solid

Answer 11

super critical fluid

Question 12

pressure of a vapor in equilibrium with its condensed phase (s) (could be a solid or liquid). it may be thought of as the tendency of the condensed phase to evaporate

Answer 12

vapor pressure

Question 13

unit operations where a component of a liquid stream is selectively transferred into a gas stream, typically to recover a valuable molecule/species or to remove a pollutant/undesirable species

Answer 13

stripping

Question 14

on a Txy or Pxy diagram, these straight lines join the compositions of phases in equilibrium with each other

Answer 14

tie lines

Question 15

condition where solute is dissolved in a solvent to its solubility limit - no more could possibly be in solution

Answer 15

saturation

Question 16

process where liquid feed stream is contacted with another liquid stream of solvent, creating a two phase mixture that promotes movement of a solute from the feed stream to the solvent stream

Answer 16

solvent extraction

Question 17

study of heat, work, temp, and their relations to energy, entropy, and the properties of matter

Answer 17

thermodynamics

Question 18

property whose value depends only on the current state of the system, not the path that was taken to reach that state

Answer 18

state property

Question 19

a temp, pressure, and phase chosen as the basis for calculations of change in state properties such as internal energy and enthalpy

Answer 19

reference state

Question 20

energy that must be transferred to increase or decrease temp of a substance

Answer 20

sensible heat

Question 21

graphic representation of concentrations and enthalpies for the air water system that makes drying and evaporation calculations faster and simpler

Answer 21

psychrometric chart

Question 22

energy that must be transferred to create a phase change

Answer 22

latent heat

Question 23

graphic rep of concentration and enthalpies for a 2 component system

Answer 23

enthalpy concentration diagram

Question 24

closed, well insulated rxr immersed in a fluid bath; used to measure heats of rxns by observing the temp increase in the fluid bath

Answer 24

calorimeter

Question 25

substance that increases rate of a chemical rxn without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change. may be a liquid sol with reactant, or may be a solid material loaded into rxr

Answer 25

catalyst

Question 26

any material which is combusted in order to release heat, which is then used to generate power, provide energy to chem processes, or produce work

Answer 26

fuel

Question 27

onset of a combustion rxn due simply to a sufficiently high temp without and external ignition event (such as a spark or other energy input)

Answer 27

auto ignition

Question 28

process where material crosses the process boundary only at the start and end

Answer 28

batch process

Question 29

steady state processes can:

Answer 29

be continuous, have multiple input streams, have multiple output streams

Question 30

a batch process is one where material streams cross the system boundaries:

Answer 30

only at beginning and end of the process

Question 31

cts process is one where material streams cross the system boundaries

Answer 31

constantly during the process

Question 32

semi- batch process is one where material streams cross the system boundaries:

Answer 32

at various times during the process