final exam vocab

Question 1

chemical process

Answer 1

a series of interconnected units that carries out a chemical transformation, including rxn, separation, and energy transfer, to create a specific product at a desired scale

Question 2

unit operation

Answer 2

basic step in a process, typically involving a physical change or chemical transformation such as separation, crystallization, evaporation, filtration, or rxn

Question 3

flash

Answer 3

a unit operation where a hot, pressurized liquid is quickly depressurized, forming two product streams, one liquid and one vapor, with different composition

Question 4

hazard

Answer 4

chemical or physical CONDITION which has the potential to cause damage to people, property, or the environment

Question 5

risk

Answer 5

measure of human injury, environmental damage, or economic loss in terms of both likelihood and magnitude

Question 6

cts stirred tank rxr

Answer 6

steady-state rxr vessel that has a mixer and receives a cts feed stream, reacts it and outputs output stream

Question 7

plug flow rxr

Answer 7

long cylindrical vessel which is used to carry out a chemical rxn

Question 8

fired heater

Answer 8

heat exchanger where fuel is burned with air or oxygen to release energy and heat a process stream

Question 9

packed bed rxr

Answer 9

reactor which contains a solid material that acts as a catalyst for a rxn

Question 10

equation of state

Answer 10

mathematical model that provides a relation between the pressure, temp, and moar volume of matter. ideal gas law is an example

Question 11

super critical fluid

Answer 11

any substance at a temp and pressure above its critical point, where distinct liquid and gas phases DNE, but below the pressure required to compress it into a solid

Question 12

vapor pressure

Answer 12

pressure of a vapor in equilibrium with its condensed phase (s) (could be a solid or liquid). i may be thought of as the tendency of the condensed phase to evaporate

Question 13

stripping

Answer 13

unit operations where a component of a liquid stream is selectively transferred into a gas stream, typically to recover a valuable molecule/species or to remove a pollutant/undesirable species

Question 14

tie lines

Answer 14

on a Txy or Pxy diagram, these straight lines join the compositions of phases in equilibrium with each other

Question 15

saturation

Answer 15

condition where solute is dissolved in a solvent to its solubility limit - no more could possibly be in solution

Question 16

solvent extraction

Answer 16

process where liquid feed stream is contacted with another liquid stream of solvent, creating a two phase mixture that promotes movement of a solute from the feed stream to the solvent stream

Question 17

thermodynamics

Answer 17

study of heat, work, temp, and their relations to energy, entropy, and the properties of matter

Question 18

state property

Answer 18

property whose value depends only on the current state of the system, not the path that was taken to reach that state

Question 19

reference state

Answer 19

a temp, pressure, and phase chosen as the basis for calculations of change in state properties such as internal energy and enthalpy

Question 20

sensible heat

Answer 20

energy that must be transferred to increase or decrease temp of a substance

Question 21

latent heat

Answer 21

energy that myst be transferred to create a phase change

Question 22

psychrometric chart

Answer 22

graphic representation of concentrations and enthalpies for the air water system that makes drying and evaporation calculations faster and simpler

Question 23

enthalpy concentration diagram

Answer 23

graphic rep of concentration and enthalpies for a 2 component system

Question 24

calorimeter

Answer 24

closed, well insulated rxr immersed in a fluid bath; used to measure heats of rxns by observing the temp increase in the fluid bath

Question 25

catalyst

Answer 25

substance that increases rate of a chemical rxn without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change. may be a liquid sol with reactant, or may be a solid material loaded into rxr

Question 26

fuel

Answer 26

any material which is combusted in order to release heat, which is then used to generate power, provide energy to chem processes, or produce work

Question 27

auto ignition

Answer 27

onset of a combustion rxn due simply to a sufficiently high temp without and external ignition event (such as a spark or other energy input)