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Intro to Human Development and Family Studies > Final Exam Terms (weeks 6-12) > Flashcards

Final Exam Terms (weeks 6-12) Flashcards

1
Q

Growth

A

Increase in physical size.

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2
Q

Development

A

Acquisition of skills and function.

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3
Q

Maturation

A

Total process in which skills and potentials emerge regardless of practice or training.

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4
Q

Physical Development

A

Body size and functions, appearance, motor development, physical health.

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5
Q

Cognitive Development

A

Thought processes and intellectual abilities.

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6
Q

Social and Emotional Development

A

Interpersonal skills, formation and maintenance of relationships, self-knowledge, emotions, temperament/personality.

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7
Q

What are the child periods of development?

A

Prenatal period (conception to birth), infancy and toddlerhood (birth to 2/3), early childhood (3-6), middle childhood (6/7-11).

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8
Q

What are the adult periods of development?

A

Adolescence (11-early 20s), young adulthood (early 20s - 40s), middle adulthood (early 40s to 60s), late adulthood (65+).

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9
Q

Prenatal Period Problems

A

Baby is too small/large, postpartum depression, smoker in the house.

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10
Q

Infancy Problems

A

Abuse, Trust v. Mistrust, malnutrition, neglect, brain damage.

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11
Q

Early Childhood Problems

A

Malnutrition, speech issues, not dependent/too dependent, memorization, understanding emotions.

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12
Q

Middle Childhood Problems

A

Gender Identity, puberty, problem-solving skills, bullying.

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13
Q

Characteristics of Development

A

A lifelong continuous process, orderly manner/follows a certain sequence, production of interaction and environment, implies growth/change.

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14
Q

Theory

A

Set of assumptions, principles, propositions, or interrelated concepts that explain and predict behavior or events.

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15
Q

How are theories helpful?

A

Framework for organizing and interpreting the information that is acquired, a basis for designing prevention and remedial strategies, a basis for identifying problems, problem-solving alternatives, and interventions.

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16
Q

Psycho-Sexual Theory Basic Assumptions

A
  • Painful experiences during early childhood buried in the unconscious.
  • The unconscious is the key to understanding behavior.
  • Sigmund Freud
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17
Q

Unconscious

A

Thoughts, feelings, motives, impulses, and events that are kept out of awareness.

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18
Q

Three Main parts of Freud’s Stages

A

A physical focus, a psychological theme, fixation.

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19
Q

A Physical Focus

A

Where the child’s energy is concentrated from where gratification is obtained.

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20
Q

A Psychological Theme

A

Related to both the physical focus and the demands made on the child by the outside world as the child develops.

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21
Q

Fixation

A

Being stuck in a particular stage.

22
Q

Psycho-sexual theory’s stages

A

oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital.

23
Q

Oral

A

(0-18 months) Pleasure centers on the mouth.

24
Q

Anal

A

(18-36 months) Pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with demands for control.

25
Q

Phallic

A

(3-6 years) Pleasure zone is the genitals (Oedipus/Electra complexes)

26
Q

Latency

A

(6 to puberty) Dormant sex feelings.

27
Q

Genital

A

(puberty on) Maturation of sexual interests.

28
Q

Oral Stage Fixations

A

Too Much: Oral receptive traits (dependent), oral aggressive traits
Too Little: Oral retentive traits (overeating)

29
Q

Anal Stage Fixations

A

Strict: Anal retentive traits (obsessively clean)
Lax: Anal expulsive traits (poor organizations)

30
Q

Id

A

“The Demanding Child” (0-3 years)

  • Primary resource of energy and instincts
  • Ruled by pleasure principle
  • Never matures
31
Q

Ego

A

“The Cop” (by 3 years)

  • Controls/regulates behavior
  • Ruled by reality principle
  • mediates between Id and Superego
32
Q

SuperEgo

A

“The Judge” (by 5 years)

  • Internalization of parental/societal morals and values
  • Ruled by moral principal
  • Strives for perfection
33
Q

Psychosocial Basic Principles

A

-Erikson
-Social environment impacts lives across the whole lifespan
-Each new stage poses a challenge that may help/hinder further development
(ego strength/ego quality vs. inadequacy)

34
Q

Ego Identity

A

The conscious sense of self.

35
Q

Trust v. Mistrust

A

[Infancy: 1st year] If needs met, develop a sense of basic trust (hope).

36
Q

Autonomy v. Shame and Doubt

A

[Todder: 2nd year] Toddlers learn to exercise will and things for themselves, or they will doubt their abilities (will).

37
Q

Initiative v. Guilt

A

[Preschool: 3-5 years] Learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or they feel guilty about efforts to be independent (purpose).

38
Q

Industry v. Inferiority

A

[Elementary: 6 to puberty] Learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks, or they feel inferior (competence).

39
Q

Identity v. Role Confusion

A

[Adolescence: teens to 20s] Refining a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about why they are (fidelity).

40
Q

Intimacy v. Isolation

A

[Young Adult: 20s to early 40s] Struggling to form close intimate relationships, or they feel socially isolated (love).

41
Q

Generativity v. Stagnation

A

[Middle Adult: 40s to 60s] Discovering a sense to contributing to the world, and work, or they may feel lack of purpose (care).

42
Q

Integrity v. Despair

A

[Late Adult: Late 60s +] Reflecting on life and feeling sense of satisfaction or failure (wisdom).

43
Q

Ecological Systems Theory

A

[Bronfenbrenner]

  • Environmental systems shape human and family development.
  • Systems do not determine human behavior but pose limitations as well as possibilities for individuals and families.
  • Individuals and families need to adapt to their environments in order to survive and to improve quality of life.
44
Q

Microsystem

A

Activities and interactions in the individual’s immediate surroundings: parents, friends, school

45
Q

Mesosystem

A

Relationships and interactions between or among the entities involved in the individual’s microsystem.

46
Q

Exosystem

A

Social institutions which affect children indirectly: Parents’ work setting and policies, extended family networks, mass media, community resources

47
Q

Macrosystem

A

Broader cultural views, laws, governmental resources

48
Q

Chronosystem

A

Changes which occur during an individual’s life, both personally and culturally

49
Q

Attachment

A

Enduring emotional tie to a special person characterized by a tendency to seek and maintain closeness, especially in times of stress.

50
Q

Attachment Theory

A

Formulated by John Bowlby and elaborated by Mary Ainsworth.

51
Q

Characteristics of Attachment

A

Safe haven, secure base, proximity maintenance, separation distress.

52
Q

“Strange Situation” Attachment Styles

A

Secure, avoidant, ambivalent/resistant, disorganized.

Intro to Human Development and Family Studies (2 decks)

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