Final Exam Terms

Question 1

a term for the attribution of human behavior or characteristics to inanimate objects, animals, natural phenomena, or deity

Answer 1

anthropomorphism

Question 2

the type of poetic parallelism where the second line of a poetic couplet echoes part of the first line and adds a phrase to it, thereby extending and completing its sense

Answer 2

climactic parallelism

Question 3

the formal organization and practice of worship usually associated with a sanctuary and involving a regular cycle of sacrifices, prayers, and hymns under the direction of priests and other leaders

Answer 3

cult

Question 4

Greek for “scattering”; the technical term for the Dispersion of the Jewish people, a process that began after defeats in 721 and 587 BCE and resulted in the growth of sizable Jewish communities outside Palestine

Answer 4

Diaspora

Question 5

the type of poetic parallelism in which the second line of a poetic couplet completes the thought of the first line

Answer 5

formal parallelism (synthetic parallelism)

Question 6

Hebrew for “dedication”; the Jewish festival of lights that commemorates the rededication of the Jerusalem temple to more traditional modes of Jewish worship by Judah the Maccabee around 164 BCE after its desecration in the time of the Seleucid King Antiochus IV Epiphanes

Answer 6

Hanukkah

Question 7

the term may refer to Jews in various periods: (1) a group that resisted the policies of Antiochus IV Epiphanes in the second century BCE at the start of the Maccabean revolt; (2) pietists in the thirteenth century CE; (3) followers of the movement of Hasidism founded in the eighteenth century CE by Baal Shem Tov

Answer 7

Hasids

Question 8

the literary type of psalm that expresses a cry of help, either of an individual or a community; expresses the pain and alienation of the writer and asks God for help

Answer 8

lament psalm or complaint

Question 9

Hebrew for “Writings”; the last of the three main divisions of the Hebrew Bible, including Psalms, Proverbs, Job, the Five Scrolls, Daniel, and the Chronicler’s History

Answer 9

Ketuvim

Question 10

a song praising God, the king, Zion, or Torah that contains a description of why the object of praise is wonderful; a speech form where the psalmist extols the greatness of God

Answer 10

praise psalm or hymn

Question 11

a Jewish festival commemorating the deliverance of Jews in Persia who were threatened with genocide, as described in the book of Esther; held in late winter on the fourteenth of Adar

Answer 11

Purim

Question 12

the Hebrew name of the book of Ecclesiastes; the term used of the purported writer of the book of Ecclesiastes

Answer 12

Qohelet

Question 13

the outlook found in Deuteronomic and wisdom literature that a supreme being punishes wrongdoers for their bad deeds

Answer 13

retribution theology

Question 14

the seventh day of the week, a day of rest and worship; it extends from sunset Friday to sunset Saturday; it was the sign of the Mosaic covenant and became especially important as an identifier of Jewishness beginning in the Babylonian exile

Answer 14

Sabbath

Question 15

the early period of the formation of Judaism, sometimes also called Early Judaism

Answer 15

Second Temple Judaism

Question 16

one of the divisions of a poem, composed of two or more line, usually characterized by a common pattern of meter, rhyme, and number of lines

Answer 16

stanza

Question 17

Hebrew for “booths, tabernacles”; a seventh day Jewish fall festival beginning on the fifteenth day of the month Tishri commemorating the sukkot where Israel lived in the wilderness after the Exodus

Answer 17

Sukkoth

Question 18

the psalm label that may contain musical directions, performance notes, historical setting, and an ascription of authorship of dedication

Answer 18

superscription

Question 19

a type of poetic parallelism in which the notion of the first line of a couplet is repeated or seconded in the second line

Answer 19

synonymous parallelism

Question 20

a major literary type of psalm that thanks God for individual or corporate deliverance

Answer 20

thanksgiving psalm

Question 21

a constitution in which God is regarded as ruler or sovereign

Answer 21

theocracy

Question 22

a term that denotes the issue of God’s justice in relation to the problem of human suffering, used often in discussions of the book of Job relating to the attempt to justify God in the face of evil

Answer 22

theodicy

Question 23

in general, it refers to study of the whole gamut of Jewish tradition or to some aspect thereof; in its special sense, it refers to the “five books of Moses,” the first main division of the Hebrew Bible

Answer 23

Torah

Question 24

a series of poetic lines or verses whose initial letters form the alphabet, a word, or a regular pattern

Answer 24

acrostic psalm

Question 25

hymns in praise of God’s revelation in Torah; the writer recommends a life of Torah keeping as the path to wellness

Answer 25

Torah psalm

Question 26

psalms that offer practical advice for living; they operate with a black-and-white contrast between the wicked and the righteous; affirm God’s blessing upon the righteous

Answer 26

wisdom psalm

Question 27

a hymn to Israel’s king; praises Israel’s earthly king as the representative of God; perpetuated the messianic ideal–namely Israel’s hope in the Davidic line to provide national leadership and resurrect an independent nation

Answer 27

royal psalm

Question 28

the Hebrew word for wisdom; feminine in gender

Answer 28

hokmah

Question 29

marrying outside a community, clan, or tribe

Answer 29

exogamy