Final Exam Study Questions A

Question 0

organisms that are prokaryotes are classified in what domains?

Answer 0

bacteria & archae

Question 1

what are the properties of life?

Answer 1

order, reproduction, growth, energy processing, regulation, response to environment, & evolutionary adaptation

Question 2

electrons are subatomic particles that have what charge and are located where?

Answer 2

negative charge; located outside the nucleus in electronic shell

Question 4

the hydrogen atoms of a water molecule are bonded to the oxygen atom by ………. bonds, whereas neighboring water molecules are held together by ……… bonds.

Answer 4

polar covalent bonds; hydrogen bonds

Question 5

lactose is composed of a glucose monomer and a galactose monomer that have been linked through what process?

Answer 5

dehydration synthesis

Question 6

which of the characteristics of protein will remain intact if the protein is denatured and which will be lost?

Answer 6

the primary structure will remain intact; it’s shape and function will be lost

Question 7

a protein containing more that one polypeptide chain exhibits the ……………… level of protein structure.

Answer 7

quaternary

Question 8

name the polymer/monomer pair for protein, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates

Answer 8

protein–amino acids
nucleic acids–nucleotides
carbohydrates–monosaccharides

Question 9

unlike animal cells, plant cells have a ……………. and ……………

unlike plant cells, animal cells have ……………

Answer 9

cell wall & chloroplasts

lysosomes

Question 10

what’s the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 10

to synthesize rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

Question 11

an immune system cell called the plasma cell produces thousands of antibodies per second for release into the body. What type of intracellular structure would you expect to be very prominent within this cell?

Answer 11

endoplasmic reticulum (ribosomes)

Question 12

what is the function of the golgi apparatus?

Answer 12

molecular warehouse and processing station for products from endoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

cyanide inhibits mitochondrial function; as a result, what happens to the rate of ATP?

Answer 13

the rate of ATP is reduced.

Question 14

DNA is composed of what three molecules?

Answer 14

phosphates, sugars, nitrogenous base

Question 15

what is the function of the cytoskeleton and what is it composed of?

Answer 15

structural support; composed of microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments

Question 16

skin cells are fastened into strong sheets by?

Answer 16

dense connective tissue

Question 17

what type of substances would have the most trouble crossing a biological membrane by diffusing through the lipid bilayer?

Answer 17

large proteins

Question 18

according to the …….. law of thermodynamics, energy cannot be created or destroyed.

Answer 18

first

Question 19

what types of processes are endergonic, provide an example?

Answer 19

they requires an input of energy; photosynthesis

Question 20

Which part of the ATP molecule breaks free of the rest when an ATP molecule is used for energy

Answer 20

1 phosphate

Question 21

Where do photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur in the cell?

Answer 21

Photo– choloroplasts

C.R.– mitochondria in cytosol

Question 22

when a cell uses chemical energy to perform work, it uses the energy released from an ………….. reaction to drive an ……….. reaction.

Answer 22

exergonic; endergonic

Question 23

Respiration exchanges ……………., and cellular respiration produces ………….

Answer 23

O2 & CO2; glucose and H2O

Question 24

What are the stages and products of cellular respiration?

Answer 24

glycolysis–pyruvate and ATP
citric acid cycle– NADH, FADH2, ATP
oxidative phosphorylation–ATP

Question 25

oxidation is the …… of electrons, and reduction is the …… of electrons

Answer 25

loss; gain

Question 26

which metabolic pathway is common in aerobic and anaerobic metabolism?

Answer 26

glycolysis

Question 27

what is the purpose of chemiosmosis and how is it accomplished?

Answer 27

the H+ gradient drives H+ back through ATP synthase complexes in the inner membrane, synthesizing ATP

Question 28

During cellular respiration in the election transport chain, the final electron acceptor is …….

Answer 28

O2

Question 29

the energy yield from the complete aerobic breakdown of a single molecule of glucose is an average of ……. ATP

Answer 29

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