Final Exam Study Questions A Flashcards
organisms that are prokaryotes are classified in what domains?
bacteria & archae
what are the properties of life?
order, reproduction, growth, energy processing, regulation, response to environment, & evolutionary adaptation
electrons are subatomic particles that have what charge and are located where?
negative charge; located outside the nucleus in electronic shell
the hydrogen atoms of a water molecule are bonded to the oxygen atom by ………. bonds, whereas neighboring water molecules are held together by ……… bonds.
polar covalent bonds; hydrogen bonds
lactose is composed of a glucose monomer and a galactose monomer that have been linked through what process?
dehydration synthesis
which of the characteristics of protein will remain intact if the protein is denatured and which will be lost?
the primary structure will remain intact; it’s shape and function will be lost
a protein containing more that one polypeptide chain exhibits the ……………… level of protein structure.
quaternary
name the polymer/monomer pair for protein, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates
protein–amino acids
nucleic acids–nucleotides
carbohydrates–monosaccharides
unlike animal cells, plant cells have a ……………. and ……………
unlike plant cells, animal cells have ……………
cell wall & chloroplasts
lysosomes
what’s the function of the nucleolus?
to synthesize rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
an immune system cell called the plasma cell produces thousands of antibodies per second for release into the body. What type of intracellular structure would you expect to be very prominent within this cell?
endoplasmic reticulum (ribosomes)
what is the function of the golgi apparatus?
molecular warehouse and processing station for products from endoplasmic reticulum
cyanide inhibits mitochondrial function; as a result, what happens to the rate of ATP?
the rate of ATP is reduced.
DNA is composed of what three molecules?
phosphates, sugars, nitrogenous base
what is the function of the cytoskeleton and what is it composed of?
structural support; composed of microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments
skin cells are fastened into strong sheets by?
dense connective tissue
what type of substances would have the most trouble crossing a biological membrane by diffusing through the lipid bilayer?
large proteins
according to the …….. law of thermodynamics, energy cannot be created or destroyed.
first
what types of processes are endergonic, provide an example?
they requires an input of energy; photosynthesis
Which part of the ATP molecule breaks free of the rest when an ATP molecule is used for energy
1 phosphate
Where do photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur in the cell?
Photo– choloroplasts
C.R.– mitochondria in cytosol
when a cell uses chemical energy to perform work, it uses the energy released from an ………….. reaction to drive an ……….. reaction.
exergonic; endergonic
Respiration exchanges ……………., and cellular respiration produces ………….
O2 & CO2; glucose and H2O
What are the stages and products of cellular respiration?
glycolysis–pyruvate and ATP
citric acid cycle– NADH, FADH2, ATP
oxidative phosphorylation–ATP
