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Esthetics > Final Exam Study Guide II > Flashcards

Final Exam Study Guide II Flashcards

1
Q

TREATING HYPERPIGMENTATION

What is the difference between hyperpigmentation and hypo-pigmentation?

A

Hyper- overproduction
Hypo- lack of pigment

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2
Q

TREATING HYPERPIGMENTATION

What is the biggest external cause of hyperpigmentation?

A

Sun exposure

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3
Q

TREATING HYPERPIGMENTATION

A hormonal form of hyperpigmentation characterized by bilateral patches of brown pigmentation on cheeks, jaw, forehead, lip

A

Melasma

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4
Q

TREATING HYPERPIGMENTATION

What are possible causes for melasma?

A

Birth control pills, pregnancy, hormonal imbalances, etc.

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5
Q

TREATING HYPERPIGMENTATION

What external cause can exacerbate melasma?

A

Sun exposure

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6
Q

TREATING HYPERPIGMENTATION

Name 3 examples of tyrosinase inhibitors

A

Kojic Acid
Azelaic Acid
Hydroquinone

(bearberry, arbutin, niacinamide, vitamin C, licorice)

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7
Q

TREATING HYPERPIGMENATION

Which tyrosinase inhibitor is banned for use in the US in high percentages? (over 3%) Why?

A

Hydroquinone

It can cause cancer and other side effects

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8
Q

TREATING HYPERPIGMENTATION

What are three methods of stopping melanin production?

A

Copper binders
Tyrosine inhibitors
Tyrosinase inhibitors

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9
Q

TREATING HYPERPIGMENTATION

What are 3 ways to prevent hyperpigmentation?

A

Avoid sun exposure
Wear SPF
Tyrosinase inhibitors

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10
Q

UNDERSTANDING MELANIN

Enzyme that stimulates melanocytes and produces melanin

A

Tyrosinase

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11
Q

UNDERSTANDING MELANIN

The process of melanin production is called

A

Melanogenesis

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12
Q

UNDERSTANDING MELANIN

True or False:
Melanin is a protein

A

True

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13
Q

UNDERSTANDING MELANIN

What two components are required in order to form a protein i.e. melanin?

A

Amino Acid + Enzyme

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14
Q

UNDERSTANDING MELANIN

The protein that gives skin its color and provides protection from the sun

A

Melanin

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15
Q

UNDERSTANDING MELANIN

Cells that produce pigment granules in the basal layer?

A

Melanocytes

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16
Q

UNDERSTANDING MELANIN

Pigment-carrying granules

A

Melanosomes

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17
Q

What are the four components of the acid mantel?

A

Sebum (oil)
Water
Lipid (fat)
Sweat

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18
Q

What are the four parts of the “less rule”?

A

Less…

Time
Heat
Pressure
Friction

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19
Q

Rosacea is common in what ages?

A

30-50

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20
Q

What Fitzpatrick skin type is rosacea most frequently seen in?

A

1 & 2

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21
Q

What is the pH range of the skin?

A

4.5-5.5

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22
Q

What is another name for hydrolipidic film?

A

Acid mantel

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23
Q

Anti-aging exfoliant
AHA or BHA?

A

AHA

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24
Q

Clearing exfoliant
AHA or BHA?

A

BHA

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25
Q

Products that are considered negative and are used for desincrustation

A

Alkaline

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26
Q

Products that are considered positive and are mostly used for iontophoresis

A

Acidic

27
Q

The process of using electric current to introduce water-soluble solutions into the skin

A

Iontophoresis

28
Q

Two forms of ionic penetration; which is positive, which is negative?

A

Cataphoresis (+)
Anaphoresis (-)

29
Q

Infusion of a negative product (e.g. multi-active scaling gel)

A

Anaphoresis

30
Q

Infusion of a positive product (e.g. mask)

A

Cataphoresis

31
Q

Ingredients that allow products to spread, give texture, form, but do not necessarily change the appearance of skin

A

Functional ingredients

32
Q

Ingredients that cause the actual change in the appearance of the skin

A

Performance ingredients (actives)

33
Q

Short chains of amino acids; the building blocks of proteins

A

Peptides

34
Q

What are the three most common types of proteins found in the skin?

A

Collagen
Elastin
Keratin

35
Q

Protein fiber found in the dermis; gives skin its elasticity

A

Elastin

36
Q

Fibrous, connective tissue made from protein; gives skin its firmness

A

Collagen

37
Q

Principal component of hair, skin and nails; provides resilience and protection

A

Keratin

38
Q

The study of hair

A

Trichology

39
Q

Excessive hair growth in women where men normally grow hair

A

Hirsutism

40
Q

Excessive hair growth of terminal hair where velds hair grows

A

Hypertrichosis

41
Q

What are the 3 stages of hair growth?

A

Anagen Phase
Catagen Phase
Telogen Phase

42
Q

Transition stage of hair growth.
Mitosis ceases.
Shortest part of hair cycle

A

Catagen Phase

43
Q

Growth stage during which new hair is produced.
Longest part of hair cycle.

A

Anagen Phase

44
Q

Final; or resting stage of hair growth.
Hair is ready to shed.

A

Telogen Phase

45
Q

What is the acronym to remember the stages of hair growth?

A

A.C.T.

46
Q

What are the 4 anatomy elements of the hair?

A

Root
Bulb
Shaft
Papilla

47
Q

Waxing is what form of hair removal?

A

Epilation

48
Q

Shaving is what form of hair removal?

A

Depilation

49
Q

Part of the hair that anchors to the skin

A

Root

50
Q

Club shaped structure surrounding the papilla

A

Bulb

51
Q

Hair above surface

A

Shaft

52
Q

Cone shaped structure inside the club

A

Papilla

53
Q

Describe how micro current works

A

wave therapy that sends electrical current in the skin which signals the brain to contract muscles to lift and firm the skin

54
Q

A pink or flesh-colored precancerous lesion that feels sharp or tough and is a result of sun damage.

A

Actinic keratosis

55
Q

What are the 3 main types of skin cancer

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Malignant Melanoma

56
Q

Which type of skin cancer is the most serious/fatal?

A

Malignant Melanoma

57
Q

Which type of skin cancer is the most common/least severe?

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

58
Q

Acronym for melanoma detection

A

ABCDE

59
Q

What does the A stand for?

A

Asymmetry

60
Q

What does the B stand for?

A

Border

61
Q

What does the C stand for?

A

Color

62
Q

What does the D stand for?

A

Diameter

63
Q

What does the E stand for?

A

Evolving

Esthetics (3 decks)

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