Final Exam Study Guide II

Question 1

TREATING HYPERPIGMENTATION

What is the difference between hyperpigmentation and hypo-pigmentation?

Answer 1

Hyper- overproduction
Hypo- lack of pigment

Question 2

TREATING HYPERPIGMENTATION

What is the biggest external cause of hyperpigmentation?

Answer 2

Sun exposure

Question 3

TREATING HYPERPIGMENTATION

A hormonal form of hyperpigmentation characterized by bilateral patches of brown pigmentation on cheeks, jaw, forehead, lip

Answer 3

Melasma

Question 4

TREATING HYPERPIGMENTATION

What are possible causes for melasma?

Answer 4

Birth control pills, pregnancy, hormonal imbalances, etc.

Question 5

TREATING HYPERPIGMENTATION

What external cause can exacerbate melasma?

Answer 5

Sun exposure

Question 6

TREATING HYPERPIGMENTATION

Name 3 examples of tyrosinase inhibitors

Answer 6

Kojic Acid
Azelaic Acid
Hydroquinone

(bearberry, arbutin, niacinamide, vitamin C, licorice)

Question 7

TREATING HYPERPIGMENATION

Which tyrosinase inhibitor is banned for use in the US in high percentages? (over 3%) Why?

Answer 7

Hydroquinone

It can cause cancer and other side effects

Question 8

TREATING HYPERPIGMENTATION

What are three methods of stopping melanin production?

Answer 8

Copper binders
Tyrosine inhibitors
Tyrosinase inhibitors

Question 9

TREATING HYPERPIGMENTATION

What are 3 ways to prevent hyperpigmentation?

Answer 9

Avoid sun exposure
Wear SPF
Tyrosinase inhibitors

Question 10

UNDERSTANDING MELANIN

Enzyme that stimulates melanocytes and produces melanin

Answer 10

Tyrosinase

Question 11

UNDERSTANDING MELANIN

The process of melanin production is called

Answer 11

Melanogenesis

Question 12

UNDERSTANDING MELANIN

True or False:
Melanin is a protein

Answer 12

True

Question 13

UNDERSTANDING MELANIN

What two components are required in order to form a protein i.e. melanin?

Answer 13

Amino Acid + Enzyme

Question 14

UNDERSTANDING MELANIN

The protein that gives skin its color and provides protection from the sun

Answer 14

Melanin

Question 15

UNDERSTANDING MELANIN

Cells that produce pigment granules in the basal layer?

Answer 15

Melanocytes

Question 16

UNDERSTANDING MELANIN

Pigment-carrying granules

Answer 16

Melanosomes

Question 17

What are the four components of the acid mantel?

Answer 17

Sebum (oil)
Water
Lipid (fat)
Sweat

Question 18

What are the four parts of the “less rule”?

Answer 18

Less…

Time
Heat
Pressure
Friction

Question 19

Rosacea is common in what ages?

Answer 19

30-50

Question 20

What Fitzpatrick skin type is rosacea most frequently seen in?

Answer 20

1 & 2

Question 21

What is the pH range of the skin?

Answer 21

4.5-5.5

Question 22

What is another name for hydrolipidic film?

Answer 22

Acid mantel

Question 23

Anti-aging exfoliant
AHA or BHA?

Answer 23

AHA

Question 24

Clearing exfoliant
AHA or BHA?

Answer 24

BHA

Question 25

Products that are considered negative and are used for desincrustation

Answer 25

Alkaline

Question 26

Products that are considered positive and are mostly used for iontophoresis

Answer 26

Acidic

Question 27

The process of using electric current to introduce water-soluble solutions into the skin

Answer 27

Iontophoresis

Question 28

Two forms of ionic penetration; which is positive, which is negative?

Answer 28

Cataphoresis (+) Anaphoresis (-)

Question 29

Infusion of a negative product (e.g. multi-active scaling gel)

Answer 29

Anaphoresis

Question 30

Infusion of a positive product (e.g. mask)

Answer 30

Cataphoresis

Question 31

Ingredients that allow products to spread, give texture, form, but do not necessarily change the appearance of skin

Answer 31

Functional ingredients

Question 32

Ingredients that cause the actual change in the appearance of the skin

Answer 32

Performance ingredients (actives)

Question 33

Short chains of amino acids; the building blocks of proteins

Answer 33

Peptides

Question 34

What are the three most common types of proteins found in the skin?

Answer 34

Collagen Elastin Keratin

Question 35

Protein fiber found in the dermis; gives skin its elasticity

Answer 35

Elastin

Question 36

Fibrous, connective tissue made from protein; gives skin its firmness

Answer 36

Collagen

Question 37

Principal component of hair, skin and nails; provides resilience and protection

Answer 37

Keratin

Question 38

The study of hair

Answer 38

Trichology

Question 39

Excessive hair growth in women where men normally grow hair

Answer 39

Hirsutism

Question 40

Excessive hair growth of terminal hair where velds hair grows

Answer 40

Hypertrichosis

Question 41

What are the 3 stages of hair growth?

Answer 41

Anagen Phase Catagen Phase Telogen Phase

Question 42

Transition stage of hair growth. Mitosis ceases. Shortest part of hair cycle

Answer 42

Catagen Phase

Question 43

Growth stage during which new hair is produced. Longest part of hair cycle.

Answer 43

Anagen Phase

Question 44

Final; or resting stage of hair growth. Hair is ready to shed.

Answer 44

Telogen Phase

Question 45

What is the acronym to remember the stages of hair growth?

Answer 45

A.C.T.

Question 46

What are the 4 anatomy elements of the hair?

Answer 46

Root Bulb Shaft Papilla

Question 47

Waxing is what form of hair removal?

Answer 47

Epilation

Question 48

Shaving is what form of hair removal?

Answer 48

Depilation

Question 49

Part of the hair that anchors to the skin

Answer 49

Root

Question 50

Club shaped structure surrounding the papilla

Answer 50

Bulb

Question 51

Hair above surface

Answer 51

Shaft

Question 52

Cone shaped structure inside the club

Answer 52

Papilla

Question 53

Describe how micro current works

Answer 53

wave therapy that sends electrical current in the skin which signals the brain to contract muscles to lift and firm the skin

Question 54

A pink or flesh-colored precancerous lesion that feels sharp or tough and is a result of sun damage.

Answer 54

Actinic keratosis

Question 55

What are the 3 main types of skin cancer

Answer 55

Basal Cell Carcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma Malignant Melanoma

Question 56

Which type of skin cancer is the most serious/fatal?

Answer 56

Malignant Melanoma

Question 57

Which type of skin cancer is the most common/least severe?

Answer 57

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Question 58

Acronym for melanoma detection

Answer 58

ABCDE

Question 59

What does the A stand for?

Answer 59

Asymmetry

Question 60

What does the B stand for?

Answer 60

Border

Question 61

What does the C stand for?

Answer 61

Color

Question 62

What does the D stand for?

Answer 62

Diameter

Question 63

What does the E stand for?

Answer 63

Evolving