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Esthetics > Final Exam Study Guide > Flashcards

Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

ANATOMY

What is the study of the structures of the human body

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

ANATOMY

What is the study of the functions and activities performed by the body structures?

A

Physiology

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3
Q

ANATOMY

What is the study of the structures and composition of tissue?

A

Histology

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4
Q

ANATOMY

What is the basic unit of all living things?

A

Cell

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5
Q

ANATOMY

Part of the cell that encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave the cell

A

Cell Membrane

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6
Q

ANATOMY

The dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell. Plays an important role in reproduction and metabolism.

A

Nucleus

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7
Q

ANATOMY

Takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and create energy for the cell.

A

Mitochondria

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8
Q

ANATOMY

The cell responsible for producing collagen and elastin

A

Fibroblast

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9
Q

ANATOMY

Hormones that stimulate skin cells to reproduce and heal

A

EFGs (epidermal growth factor)

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10
Q

LAYERS OF THE SKIN

What are the three main components (layers) of the skin?

A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
  3. Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)
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11
Q

LAYERS OF THE SKIN

What is the outermost layer of the skin?

A

Epidermis

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12
Q

LAYERS OF THE SKIN

Layer comprised of connective tissue made of collagen protein and elastin fibers

A

Dermis

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13
Q

LAYERS OF THE SKIN

Which layer’s function is to supply the skin with oxygen and nutrients through blood vessel and lymphatic channels?

A

Dermis

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14
Q

LAYERS OF THE SKIN

What are the different layers of the epidermis? (superficial to deep)

A
  1. Stratum Corneum
  2. Stratum Lucidum
  3. Stratum Granulosum
  4. Stratum Spinosum
  5. Stratum Germinativum
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15
Q

LAYERS OF THE SKIN

The basal layer located above the dermis where stem cells undergo cell division (mitosis)

A

Stratum Germinativum

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16
Q

LAYERS OF THE SKIN

The ‘horny layer”, top outermost layer of the epidermis where desquamation of keratinocytes occurs

A

Stratum Corneum

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17
Q

LAYERS OF THE SKIN

Which layer of the skin do estheticians work with extensively?

A

Stratum Corneum

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18
Q

LAYERS OF THE SKIN

What is the average cell turnover rates for the average adult?

A

28 days

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19
Q

LAYERS OF THE SKIN

Thin, clear layer of dead skin cells. Thickest on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet (forms finger/footprints)

A

Stratum Lucidum

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20
Q

LAYERS OF THE SKIN

What are the layers of the dermis?

A
  1. Papillary
  2. Reticular
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21
Q

LAYERS OF THE SKIN

Which of the dermal layers connects the dermis to the epidermis?

A

Papillary Layer

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22
Q

LAYERS OF THE SKIN

Which layer of the skin is known as “true skin”?

A

Dermis

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23
Q

LAYERS OF THE SKIN

The denser, deeper layer of the dermis; comprised mainly of collagen and elastin

A

Reticular Layer

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23
Q

LAYERS OF THE SKIN

Which is the thickest layer of skin?

A

Dermis (25x thicker than epidermis)

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24
Q

LAYERS OF THE SKIN

What is the deepest layer of the skin?

A

Hypodermis (Subcutaneous Layer)

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25
Q

LAYERS OF THE SKIN

What is the subcutaneous layer composed of?

A

loose connective tissue (adipose)
80% fat

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26
Q

LAYERS OF THE SKIN

Which layer of the skin creates a protective cushion that gives contour and smoothness to the body?

A

Subcutaneous

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27
Q

FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN

Acronym for functions of the skin

A

SHAPES

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28
Q

FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN

What are the six functions of the skin?

A

Sensation
Heat Regulation
Absorption
Protection
Excretion
Secretion

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29
Q

BONES OF THE FACE

What bone forms the forehead?

A

Frontal bone (1)

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30
Q

BONES OF THE FACE

What bones forms the sides of the head in the ear region?

A

Temporal bones (2)

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31
Q

BONES OF THE FACE

What bone forms the back of the skull above the nape of the neck?

A

Occipital bone (1)

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32
Q

BONES OF THE FACE

What bone forms the bridge of the nose?

A

Nasal bones (2)

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33
Q

BONES OF THE FACE

What are the smallest and most fragile bones of the face? Situated at the front inside part of the eye socket?

A

Lacrimal bones (2)

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34
Q

BONES OF THE FACE

Light, spongey bone at the back inside part of the eye socket that forms part of the nasal cavity

A

Ethmoid bone (1)

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35
Q

BONES OF THE FACE

What bone forms the sides of the eye socket?

A

Sphenoid bone (1)

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36
Q

BONES OF THE FACE

What bones form the prominence of the cheeks?

A

Zygomatic bones (2)

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37
Q

BONES OF THE FACE

What bone forms the sides and crown of the cranium?

A

Parietal bones (2)

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38
Q

BONES OF THE FACE

What bone forms the tip of the nose?

A

Vomer bone (1)

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39
Q

BONES OF THE FACE

What bones form the upper jaw?

A

Maxillary bones (2)

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40
Q

BONES OF THE FACE

What bone forms the lower jawbone, the largest and strongest bone of the face?

A

Mandible (1)

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41
Q

MUSCLES

Scalp muscle that causes wrinkles in the forehead

A

Frontalis

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42
Q

MUSCLES

Located beneath the frontalis and orbicularis oculi. Draws the eyebrows down and wrinkles forehead vertically (surprised)

A

Corrugator

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43
Q

MUSCLES

The ring muscle of the eye socket; closes the eyes

A

Orbicularis oculi

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44
Q

MUSCLES

Lowers the eyebrows and causes wrinkles across the bridge of the nose (elevens)

A

Procerus

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45
Q

MUSCLES

Muscle that covers the nose

A

Nasalis

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46
Q

MUSCLES

Thin, flat muscle of the cheek that compresses as when blowing a kiss

A

Buccinator

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47
Q

MUSCLES

The muscle extending alongside the chin that pulls down the corners of the mouth (frown)

A

Triangularis

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48
Q

MUSCLES

The muscle that elevates the lower lip and raises and wrinkles the skin of the chin

A

Mentalis

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49
Q

MUSCLES

The flat band around the upper and lower lips that compresses, contracts, puckers, and wrinkles the lips

A

Orbicularis oris

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50
Q

MUSCLES

The muscle associated with smiling (big smile)

A

Levator anguli oris

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51
Q

MUSCLES

The muscle that draws the corners of the mouth out and back when grinning (fake smile)

A

Risorius

52
Q

MUSCLES

The muscles that elevate the lip, as in laughing

A

Zygomaticus

53
Q

MUSCLES

The muscles associated with chewing

A

Masseter

54
Q

MUSCLES

The broad muscle extending from the best and shoulder muscles to the sides of the chin; responsible for lowering the jaw and lip

A

Platysma

55
Q

MUSCLES

The muscle extending alongside the neck from the ear to collarbone; rotates the head from side to side

A

Sternoclydomastoid

56
Q

SKIN TYPES/CONDITIONS

How do you define skin type?

A

It is a classification that describes a person’s skin attributes, determined by genetics and ethnicity.

57
Q

SKIN TYPES/CONDITIONS

How do you determine someone’s skin type?

A

By identifying the size of the follicles in the T-Zone area compared to the outer perimeters of the face.

58
Q

SKIN TYPES/CONDITIONS

Can a person’s skin type change? How?

A

Yes; as we age our skin tends to become drier over time as cell metabolism and lipid production slow down.

59
Q

SKIN TYPES/CONDITIONS

What are the four genetic skin types?

A

Normal

Oily

Dry

Combination

60
Q

SKIN TYPES/CONDITIONS

Lines and damage from internal or external cause

A

Rhytids (wrinkles)

61
Q

SKIN TYPES/CONDITIONS

Red, inflamed raised lesions, also called blemishes

A

Papules

62
Q

SKIN TYPES/CONDITIONS

Small epidermal cysts that are whitish, pearl-like masses of sebum and dead skin cells under the skin with no visible opening

A

Milia

63
Q

SKIN TYPES/CONDITIONS

Similar to open comedones, that are small solidified impactions of oil without the cell matter

A

Sebaceous filaments

64
Q

SKIN TYPES/CONDITIONS

A closed, abnormally developed sac that contains pus, semifluid, or morbid matter, above or below the skin

A

Cyst

65
Q

SKIN TYPES/CONDITIONS

What is the main difference between skin type and skin condition?

A

Skin type determined by genetics

Skin condition acquired through internal and external factors

66
Q

SKIN TYPES/CONDITIONS

An infected lesion with fluid inside

A

Pustule

67
Q

SKIN TYPES/CONDITIONS

“Blackheads” caused by a buildup of debris, oil and dead skin cells in the follicle; are exposed to oxygen

A

Open comedones

68
Q

SKIN TYPES/CONDITIONS

Visible capillaries commonly found on the face around nose, cheeks and chin

A

Telangiectasia

69
Q

SKIN TYPES/CONDITIONS

Redness in the skin with no visible vascularity because the matting of blood vessels is so small and fine; often seen with telangiectasia.

A

Couperose skin

70
Q

SKIN TYPES/CONDITIONS

“Whiteheads” trapped by dead skin cells that are not exposed to oxygen

A

Closed comedones

71
Q

FMSA

What area is considered zone 3?

A

Eyes

72
Q

FMSA

What area is considered zone 1?

A

Forehead

73
Q

FMSA

What area is considered zone 6?

A

Neck/Decollate

74
Q

FMSA

What area is considered zone 2?

A

Cheeks

75
Q

FMSA

What area is considered zone 5?

A

Mouth/Chin

76
Q

FMSA

What area is considered zone 4?

A

Nose

77
Q

AHA/BHA

Naturally occurring derived from fruits, nuts, milk, or sugars. Dissolve desmosomes to slough off dead skin cells

A

AHA

78
Q

AHA/BHA

Dissolves oil and sloughs off dead skin cells. Has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties

A

BHA

79
Q

Describe how AHA, BHA, and Enzyme exfoliate the skin

A

AHA slough of dead skin cells
BHA dissolve excess oils
Enzymes digest dead skin cells (pacmen)

80
Q

What is an example of an AHA? What is it derived from?

A

Glycolic Acid (derived from sugar cane)

81
Q

What is an example of a BHA? What is it derived from?

A

Salicylic acid (derived from willow bark)

82
Q

AHA/BHA

What is the name of the AHA that can penetrate the epidermis most effectively because it has the smallest molecular size?

A

Glycolic acid

83
Q

AHA/BHA

True or False:
AHA’s penetrate the corneum via the intercellular matrix and tighten the bonds between cells

A

False

(they loosen the bonds between cells)

84
Q

AHA/BHA

True or False:
BHA’s work better for dry/sensitized skin

A

False

(They work better for oily/acne skin)

85
Q

AHA/BHA

True or False:
Use of Salicylic acid is safe for someone with an aspirin allergy

A

False

(No because aspirin is derived from salicylic acid/willow bark)

86
Q

AHA/BHA

True or False:
BHA peels are usually stronger than AHA peels (depending on chemical formulation)

A

True

87
Q

AHA/BHA

True or False:
AHA’s stimulate the production of intercellular lipids

A

True

88
Q

AHA/BHA

Acid derived from milk

A

Lactic

89
Q

AHA/BHA

Acid derived from grapes

A

Tartaric

90
Q

AHA/BHA

Acid derived from apples

A

Malic

91
Q

AHA/BHA

Acid derived from citrus fruit

A

Citric

92
Q

AHA/BHA

Acid derived from bitter almonds

A

Mandelic (good for hyperpigmentation and resurfacing)

93
Q

UNDERSTANDING EXFOLIANTS

What are the 3 different types of exfoliations?

A

Chemical
Physical
Enzyme

94
Q

UNDERSTANDING EXFOLAINTS

Name methods of physical exfoliation

A

Rotary brush
Rice bran
Scrubs
Microdermabrasion

95
Q

UNDERSTANDING EXFOLIANTS

Name methods of chemical exfoliation

A

AHA
BHA
Chemical Peel

96
Q

UNDERSTANDING EXFOLIANTS

Name methods of enzyme exfoliation

A

Papain
Bromelain
Pumpkin

97
Q

UNDERSTANDING EXFOLIANTS

Gentle exfoliation that dissolves keratin proteins within dead skin cells & maintains hydration level of epidermis

A

Enzymes

98
Q

UNDERSTANDING EXFOLIANTS

What is the enzyme Bromelain derived from?

A

Pineapple

99
Q

UNDERSTANDING EXFOLIANTS

What is the enzyme Papain derived from?

A

Papaya

100
Q

UNDERSTANDING EXFOLIANTS

What is the enzyme pancreatin derived from?

A

Beef by-products

101
Q

UNDERSTANDING EXFOLAINTS

Name another example of an enzyme

A

Pumpkin

102
Q

UNDERSTANDING EXFOLAINTS

How do you calculate bioactivity score when mixing two exfoliants?

A

Add up numbers of each bioactivity score and divide by two

Ex: Daily Microfoliant (5) + EA35 (35) = 40/2
Bioactivity score= 20

103
Q

SUNSCREENS

What are the two types of sunscreens?

A

Chemical
Physical

104
Q

SUNSCREENS

Sunscreen that absorbs and retracts UV rays

A

Chemical

105
Q

FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN

What does TEWL stand for?

A

Transepidermal water-loss

106
Q

SUNSCREENS

Sunscreen that blocks/deflects UV rays

A

Physical

107
Q

SUNSCREENS

Which choice of sunscreen is best for sensitive skin? Why?

A

Physical; it deflects UV rays so as to not overheat the skin

108
Q

SUNSCREEN

Which type of sunscreen typically does not leave a “white cast”?

A

Chemical

109
Q

BODY SYSTEMS

What is the largest organ of the body, defends against infection and water loss, regulates temperature, perceives sensation

A

Integumentary System

110
Q

BODY SYSTEMS

Forms the physical foundation of the body

A

Skeletal System

111
Q

BODY SYSTEMS

Covers, shapes, and supports the skeletal tissue

A

Muscular System

112
Q

BODY SYSTEMS

Carries messages, controls and coordinates bodily functions

A

Nervous System

113
Q

BODY SYSTEMS

Controls the steady delivery of blood through the body

A

Circulatory System

114
Q

BODY SYSTEMS

Protects the body from disease by developing resistances and destroying disease causing toxins, foreign material, and bacteria

A

Immune/Lymphatic System

115
Q

BODY SYSTEMS

Affects growth, development, sexual activities and normal regulatory processes

A

Endocrine System

116
Q

BODY SYSTEMS

Passes on genetics from one generation to another, differentiates between the sexes, and producing children

A

Reproductive System

117
Q

BODY SYSTEMS

Enables breathing, supplies the body with oxygen, and eliminates carbon dioxide as a waste product

A

Respiratory System

118
Q

BODY SYSTEMS

Breaks down food into smaller particles to absorb nutrients or for excretion

A

Digestive System

119
Q

BODY SYSTEMS

Refers to elimination of waste matter

A

Excretory

120
Q

FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN

Gland that produces sweat

A

Sudoriferous

121
Q

FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN

Gland that produces sebum

A

Sebaceous

122
Q

FUNCTION OF THE SKIN

This body part has the most sensory nerve fibers

A

Fingertips

123
Q

FUNCTION OF THE SKIN

Pigment in the skin and eyes that provides some UV protection

A

Melanin

124
Q

FUNCTION OF THE SKIN

Detox the body of excess water, salt, and unwanted chemicals through the pores

A

Excretion

125
Q

FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN

Made up of sebum, lipids, sweat, and water

A

Acid Mantle

126
Q

FUNCTION OF THE SKIN

An oily substance that protects the surface of the skin

A

Sebum

127
Q

FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN

Follicle walls, sebaceous glands, intercellular, and transcellular are the routes of…

A

Absorption

128
Q

FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN

There dermis response to pain, pressure, touch, and temperature

A

Sensation

Esthetics (3 decks)

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