Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards
1
Q
ANATOMY
What is the study of the structures of the human body
A
Anatomy
2
Q
ANATOMY
What is the study of the functions and activities performed by the body structures?
A
Physiology
3
Q
ANATOMY
What is the study of the structures and composition of tissue?
A
Histology
4
Q
ANATOMY
What is the basic unit of all living things?
A
Cell
5
Q
ANATOMY
Part of the cell that encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave the cell
A
Cell Membrane
6
Q
ANATOMY
The dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell. Plays an important role in reproduction and metabolism.
A
Nucleus
7
Q
ANATOMY
Takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and create energy for the cell.
A
Mitochondria
8
Q
ANATOMY
The cell responsible for producing collagen and elastin
A
Fibroblast
9
Q
ANATOMY
Hormones that stimulate skin cells to reproduce and heal
A
EFGs (epidermal growth factor)
10
Q
LAYERS OF THE SKIN
What are the three main components (layers) of the skin?
A
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)
11
Q
LAYERS OF THE SKIN
What is the outermost layer of the skin?
A
Epidermis
12
Q
LAYERS OF THE SKIN
Layer comprised of connective tissue made of collagen protein and elastin fibers
A
Dermis
13
Q
LAYERS OF THE SKIN
Which layer’s function is to supply the skin with oxygen and nutrients through blood vessel and lymphatic channels?
A
Dermis
14
Q
LAYERS OF THE SKIN
What are the different layers of the epidermis? (superficial to deep)
A
- Stratum Corneum
- Stratum Lucidum
- Stratum Granulosum
- Stratum Spinosum
- Stratum Germinativum
15
Q
LAYERS OF THE SKIN
The basal layer located above the dermis where stem cells undergo cell division (mitosis)
A
Stratum Germinativum
16
Q
LAYERS OF THE SKIN
The ‘horny layer”, top outermost layer of the epidermis where desquamation of keratinocytes occurs
A
Stratum Corneum
17
Q
LAYERS OF THE SKIN
Which layer of the skin do estheticians work with extensively?
A
Stratum Corneum
18
Q
LAYERS OF THE SKIN
What is the average cell turnover rates for the average adult?
A
28 days
19
Q
LAYERS OF THE SKIN
Thin, clear layer of dead skin cells. Thickest on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet (forms finger/footprints)
A
Stratum Lucidum
20
Q
LAYERS OF THE SKIN
What are the layers of the dermis?
A
- Papillary
- Reticular
21
Q
LAYERS OF THE SKIN
Which of the dermal layers connects the dermis to the epidermis?
A
Papillary Layer
22
Q
LAYERS OF THE SKIN
Which layer of the skin is known as “true skin”?
A
Dermis
23
Q
LAYERS OF THE SKIN
The denser, deeper layer of the dermis; comprised mainly of collagen and elastin
A
Reticular Layer
23
Q
LAYERS OF THE SKIN
Which is the thickest layer of skin?
A
Dermis (25x thicker than epidermis)
24
LAYERS OF THE SKIN
What is the deepest layer of the skin?
Hypodermis (Subcutaneous Layer)
25
LAYERS OF THE SKIN
What is the subcutaneous layer composed of?
loose connective tissue (adipose)
80% fat
26
LAYERS OF THE SKIN
Which layer of the skin creates a protective cushion that gives contour and smoothness to the body?
Subcutaneous
27
FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN
Acronym for functions of the skin
SHAPES
28
FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN
What are the six functions of the skin?
Sensation
Heat Regulation
Absorption
Protection
Excretion
Secretion
29
BONES OF THE FACE
What bone forms the forehead?
Frontal bone (1)
30
BONES OF THE FACE
What bones forms the sides of the head in the ear region?
Temporal bones (2)
31
BONES OF THE FACE
What bone forms the back of the skull above the nape of the neck?
Occipital bone (1)
32
BONES OF THE FACE
What bone forms the bridge of the nose?
Nasal bones (2)
33
BONES OF THE FACE
What are the smallest and most fragile bones of the face? Situated at the front inside part of the eye socket?
Lacrimal bones (2)
34
BONES OF THE FACE
Light, spongey bone at the back inside part of the eye socket that forms part of the nasal cavity
Ethmoid bone (1)
35
BONES OF THE FACE
What bone forms the sides of the eye socket?
Sphenoid bone (1)
36
BONES OF THE FACE
What bones form the prominence of the cheeks?
Zygomatic bones (2)
37
BONES OF THE FACE
What bone forms the sides and crown of the cranium?
Parietal bones (2)
38
BONES OF THE FACE
What bone forms the tip of the nose?
Vomer bone (1)
39
BONES OF THE FACE
What bones form the upper jaw?
Maxillary bones (2)
40
BONES OF THE FACE
What bone forms the lower jawbone, the largest and strongest bone of the face?
Mandible (1)
41
MUSCLES
Scalp muscle that causes wrinkles in the forehead
Frontalis
42
MUSCLES
Located beneath the frontalis and orbicularis oculi. Draws the eyebrows down and wrinkles forehead vertically (surprised)
Corrugator
43
MUSCLES
The ring muscle of the eye socket; closes the eyes
Orbicularis oculi
44
MUSCLES
Lowers the eyebrows and causes wrinkles across the bridge of the nose (elevens)
Procerus
45
MUSCLES
Muscle that covers the nose
Nasalis
46
MUSCLES
Thin, flat muscle of the cheek that compresses as when blowing a kiss
Buccinator
47
MUSCLES
The muscle extending alongside the chin that pulls down the corners of the mouth (frown)
Triangularis
48
MUSCLES
The muscle that elevates the lower lip and raises and wrinkles the skin of the chin
Mentalis
49
MUSCLES
The flat band around the upper and lower lips that compresses, contracts, puckers, and wrinkles the lips
Orbicularis oris
50
MUSCLES
The muscle associated with smiling (big smile)
Levator anguli oris
51
MUSCLES
The muscle that draws the corners of the mouth out and back when grinning (fake smile)
Risorius
52
MUSCLES
The muscles that elevate the lip, as in laughing
Zygomaticus
53
MUSCLES
The muscles associated with chewing
Masseter
54
MUSCLES
The broad muscle extending from the best and shoulder muscles to the sides of the chin; responsible for lowering the jaw and lip
Platysma
55
MUSCLES
The muscle extending alongside the neck from the ear to collarbone; rotates the head from side to side
Sternoclydomastoid
56
SKIN TYPES/CONDITIONS
How do you define skin type?
It is a classification that describes a person's skin attributes, determined by genetics and ethnicity.
57
SKIN TYPES/CONDITIONS
How do you determine someone's skin type?
By identifying the size of the follicles in the T-Zone area compared to the outer perimeters of the face.
58
SKIN TYPES/CONDITIONS
Can a person's skin type change? How?
Yes; as we age our skin tends to become drier over time as cell metabolism and lipid production slow down.
59
SKIN TYPES/CONDITIONS
What are the four genetic skin types?
Normal
Oily
Dry
Combination
60
SKIN TYPES/CONDITIONS
Lines and damage from internal or external cause
Rhytids (wrinkles)
61
SKIN TYPES/CONDITIONS
Red, inflamed raised lesions, also called blemishes
Papules
62
SKIN TYPES/CONDITIONS
Small epidermal cysts that are whitish, pearl-like masses of sebum and dead skin cells under the skin with no visible opening
Milia
63
SKIN TYPES/CONDITIONS
Similar to open comedones, that are small solidified impactions of oil without the cell matter
Sebaceous filaments
64
SKIN TYPES/CONDITIONS
A closed, abnormally developed sac that contains pus, semifluid, or morbid matter, above or below the skin
Cyst
65
SKIN TYPES/CONDITIONS
What is the main difference between skin type and skin condition?
Skin type determined by genetics
Skin condition acquired through internal and external factors
66
SKIN TYPES/CONDITIONS
An infected lesion with fluid inside
Pustule
67
SKIN TYPES/CONDITIONS
"Blackheads" caused by a buildup of debris, oil and dead skin cells in the follicle; are exposed to oxygen
Open comedones
68
SKIN TYPES/CONDITIONS
Visible capillaries commonly found on the face around nose, cheeks and chin
Telangiectasia
69
SKIN TYPES/CONDITIONS
Redness in the skin with no visible vascularity because the matting of blood vessels is so small and fine; often seen with telangiectasia.
Couperose skin
70
SKIN TYPES/CONDITIONS
"Whiteheads" trapped by dead skin cells that are not exposed to oxygen
Closed comedones
71
FMSA
What area is considered zone 3?
Eyes
72
FMSA
What area is considered zone 1?
Forehead
73
FMSA
What area is considered zone 6?
Neck/Decollate
74
FMSA
What area is considered zone 2?
Cheeks
75
FMSA
What area is considered zone 5?
Mouth/Chin
76
FMSA
What area is considered zone 4?
Nose
77
AHA/BHA
Naturally occurring derived from fruits, nuts, milk, or sugars. Dissolve desmosomes to slough off dead skin cells
AHA
78
AHA/BHA
Dissolves oil and sloughs off dead skin cells. Has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties
BHA
79
Describe how AHA, BHA, and Enzyme exfoliate the skin
AHA slough of dead skin cells
BHA dissolve excess oils
Enzymes digest dead skin cells (pacmen)
80
What is an example of an AHA? What is it derived from?
Glycolic Acid (derived from sugar cane)
81
What is an example of a BHA? What is it derived from?
Salicylic acid (derived from willow bark)
82
AHA/BHA
What is the name of the AHA that can penetrate the epidermis most effectively because it has the smallest molecular size?
Glycolic acid
83
AHA/BHA
True or False:
AHA's penetrate the corneum via the intercellular matrix and tighten the bonds between cells
False
(they loosen the bonds between cells)
84
AHA/BHA
True or False:
BHA's work better for dry/sensitized skin
False
(They work better for oily/acne skin)
85
AHA/BHA
True or False:
Use of Salicylic acid is safe for someone with an aspirin allergy
False
(No because aspirin is derived from salicylic acid/willow bark)
86
AHA/BHA
True or False:
BHA peels are usually stronger than AHA peels (depending on chemical formulation)
True
87
AHA/BHA
True or False:
AHA's stimulate the production of intercellular lipids
True
88
AHA/BHA
Acid derived from milk
Lactic
89
AHA/BHA
Acid derived from grapes
Tartaric
90
AHA/BHA
Acid derived from apples
Malic
91
AHA/BHA
Acid derived from citrus fruit
Citric
92
AHA/BHA
Acid derived from bitter almonds
Mandelic (good for hyperpigmentation and resurfacing)
93
UNDERSTANDING EXFOLIANTS
What are the 3 different types of exfoliations?
Chemical
Physical
Enzyme
94
UNDERSTANDING EXFOLAINTS
Name methods of physical exfoliation
Rotary brush
Rice bran
Scrubs
Microdermabrasion
95
UNDERSTANDING EXFOLIANTS
Name methods of chemical exfoliation
AHA
BHA
Chemical Peel
96
UNDERSTANDING EXFOLIANTS
Name methods of enzyme exfoliation
Papain
Bromelain
Pumpkin
97
UNDERSTANDING EXFOLIANTS
Gentle exfoliation that dissolves keratin proteins within dead skin cells & maintains hydration level of epidermis
Enzymes
98
UNDERSTANDING EXFOLIANTS
What is the enzyme Bromelain derived from?
Pineapple
99
UNDERSTANDING EXFOLIANTS
What is the enzyme Papain derived from?
Papaya
100
UNDERSTANDING EXFOLIANTS
What is the enzyme pancreatin derived from?
Beef by-products
101
UNDERSTANDING EXFOLAINTS
Name another example of an enzyme
Pumpkin
102
UNDERSTANDING EXFOLAINTS
How do you calculate bioactivity score when mixing two exfoliants?
Add up numbers of each bioactivity score and divide by two
Ex: Daily Microfoliant (5) + EA35 (35) = 40/2
Bioactivity score= 20
103
SUNSCREENS
What are the two types of sunscreens?
Chemical
Physical
104
SUNSCREENS
Sunscreen that absorbs and retracts UV rays
Chemical
105
FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN
What does TEWL stand for?
Transepidermal water-loss
106
SUNSCREENS
Sunscreen that blocks/deflects UV rays
Physical
107
SUNSCREENS
Which choice of sunscreen is best for sensitive skin? Why?
Physical; it deflects UV rays so as to not overheat the skin
108
SUNSCREEN
Which type of sunscreen typically does not leave a "white cast"?
Chemical
109
BODY SYSTEMS
What is the largest organ of the body, defends against infection and water loss, regulates temperature, perceives sensation
Integumentary System
110
BODY SYSTEMS
Forms the physical foundation of the body
Skeletal System
111
BODY SYSTEMS
Covers, shapes, and supports the skeletal tissue
Muscular System
112
BODY SYSTEMS
Carries messages, controls and coordinates bodily functions
Nervous System
113
BODY SYSTEMS
Controls the steady delivery of blood through the body
Circulatory System
114
BODY SYSTEMS
Protects the body from disease by developing resistances and destroying disease causing toxins, foreign material, and bacteria
Immune/Lymphatic System
115
BODY SYSTEMS
Affects growth, development, sexual activities and normal regulatory processes
Endocrine System
116
BODY SYSTEMS
Passes on genetics from one generation to another, differentiates between the sexes, and producing children
Reproductive System
117
BODY SYSTEMS
Enables breathing, supplies the body with oxygen, and eliminates carbon dioxide as a waste product
Respiratory System
118
BODY SYSTEMS
Breaks down food into smaller particles to absorb nutrients or for excretion
Digestive System
119
BODY SYSTEMS
Refers to elimination of waste matter
Excretory
120
FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN
Gland that produces sweat
Sudoriferous
121
FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN
Gland that produces sebum
Sebaceous
122
FUNCTION OF THE SKIN
This body part has the most sensory nerve fibers
Fingertips
123
FUNCTION OF THE SKIN
Pigment in the skin and eyes that provides some UV protection
Melanin
124
FUNCTION OF THE SKIN
Detox the body of excess water, salt, and unwanted chemicals through the pores
Excretion
125
FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN
Made up of sebum, lipids, sweat, and water
Acid Mantle
126
FUNCTION OF THE SKIN
An oily substance that protects the surface of the skin
Sebum
127
FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN
Follicle walls, sebaceous glands, intercellular, and transcellular are the routes of...
Absorption
128
FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN
There dermis response to pain, pressure, touch, and temperature
Sensation
