Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards
What are the limitations of pulse oximetry?
I. Deeply pigmented skin
II. Low pulsatile blood flow
III. Intravascular dyes
IV. Properly placed probe
I, II, and III
I. Deeply pigmented skin
II. Low pulsatile blood flow
III. Intravascular dyes
What is normal body temperature according to the Celsius scale?
37 degrees
In regards to the perfusion index, which of the following is not correct?
It is an invasive way of measuring peripheral perfusion.
Which of the following is not considered a vital sign?
Breath sounds
Surface tension occurs due to the the force acting on the boundary surface between two regions such as a liquid. This occurs due to the bonding of?
Hydrogen atoms
The numeric display of CO2 measurements taken from the airway is known as?
Capnometry
In regards to oxygenated hemoglobin, which are true?
I. It is called oxyhemoglobin.
II. Oxygenated hemoglobin absorbs more of the infrared light (940 nm).
III. Oxygenated hemoglobin absorbs more of the red light (660 nm).
IV. It is also called deoxyhemoglobin.
I, and II
I. It is called oxyhemoglobin.
II. Oxygenated hemoglobin absorbs more of the infrared light (940 nm).
When inspecting a capnography waveform from a patient with airway obstruction, which abnormalities would be observed in the slope?
It would be increased
What is the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) in the atmosphere?
21%
Which of the following substances reduces surface tension?
Surfactant
T or F: Carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) has the same non-infrared light absorption as HbO2 and overestimates SpO2.
True
Which change in state requires the addition of energy?
Endothermic
Which are true regarding transcutaneous blood gas monitoring?
I. Electrochemically measures O2 and CO2 at the skins surface
II. Warms the skin to induce hyperemia
III. The electrodes operate on the same principles as blood gas electrodes
IV. Used to monitor neonates, small children, and patients with peripheral vascular disease
All of the above
You observe pulsus paradoxus on a pulse oximetry plethysmograph waveform. What does this indicate?
Severity of air trapping
You go on vacation to Leadville, Colorado. Leadville is located 10,152 feet above sea level. You begin to exhibit signs of elevation sickness. What is the cause of your elevation sickness?
The atmospheric pressure is lower than at sea level.
How many mg/L of water is contained in fully saturated gas at body temperature?
44 mg/L
T or F: Pulse oximeter measurements have an accuracy of +4% or -4% at an SpO2 greater than 80%.
True
What occurs whenever inspired gas is not fully saturated at body temperature. The body is then required to add water to the inspired gases to achieve full saturation.
Humidity deficit
Which gas law defines a relationship between pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of molecules of gas?
Ideal gas law
The velocity of diffusion is inversely proportional to the square root of the molecular weight of a substance. This describes which gas law?
Graham’s law
Which are airway sampling systems used in capnometry?
I. Upstream sensors
II. Sidestream sensors
III. Mainstream sensors
IV. Downstream sensors
II, and III
II. Sidestream sensors
III. Mainstream sensors
The total water content in a gas, such as air, compared with the capacity for water content at that temperature is defined as?
Relative humidity
Which are properties of a liquid? (You may choose more than one)
A liquid has no fixed shape
A liquid has a fixed volume
A liquid has no fixed volume
A liquid is not rigid
A liquid has no fixed shape
A liquid has a fixed volume
A liquid is not rigid
Which of the following is an example of a molecule?
H2O (water)
Which are true regarding mass and weight? (You may choose more than one)
Mass is measured using a balance comparing a known amount of matter to an unknown amount of matter.
Mass is a measurement of the amount of matter something contains.
Weight is the measurement of the pull of gravity on and object.
Mass is weighed on a scale.
Mass is measured using a balance comparing a known amount of matter to an unknown amount of matter.
Mass is a measurement of the amount of matter something contains.
Weight is the measurement of the pull of gravity on and object.
Which sites on the body are used for measuring an adult patient’s oxygen saturation (SpO2)? (You may choose more than one)
Earlobe
Forehead
Finger
Wrist
Earlobe
Forehead
Finger
In regards to colorimetric end-tidal CO2 detectors, which is not correct?
They turn from yellow to purple when exposed to CO2.
They are used to confirm the correct placement of an endotracheal tube in the trachea.
They can be used to confirm correct placement of nasogastric and orogastric tubes in the stomach.
They turn from purple to yellow when exposed to CO2.
They turn from yellow to purple when exposed to CO2.
This describes the reversible deformability that can be generated by stress, yet, allows the object to return to its original form.
Elasticity
The orderly flow of a fluid or gas though a straight tube is known as?
Laminar flow
If the absolute temperature of a fixed gas volume is increased, then the pressure will be increased proportionally. This describes which gas law?
Gay-Lussac’s law
Which of the following are determinants of health? (You may choose more than one)
Biology
Anthropology
Environment
Lifestyle
Biology
Environment
Lifestyle
What is considered the fifth vital sign?
Pulse oximetry
You are called to the ED for a patient that was found down outside in a park. You note that the patients core temperature is 33 degrees Celsius.
Hypothermia
What is the goal of disease management?
To prevent or delay comorbidities and complications from uncontrolled chronic conditions.
Mrs. Monroe is a 25 year old female with known asthma. She has come to the emergency room after experiencing a sudden onset of shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness after exposure to an unknown chemical. Where would you document these symptoms as in the chart?
Chief complaint
What are the most commonly used sites for body temperature measurement?
I. Rectum
II. Axilla
III. Esophagus
IV. Ear
Rectum
Axilla
Ear
Belief in a higher power, creative force, divine being, the supernatural, or spirits of departed people are al examples of?
Spirituality
While inspecting a patient, which are considered abnormal findings?
I. Digital clubbing
II. Pink edema
III. Distended neck veins
IV. Peripheral cyanosis
Digital Clubbing
Distended Neck Veins
Peripheral Cyanosis
Which type of body posturing is seen below? Often seen with low-level brain stem compression.
Decerebrate posturing
Your patients blood pressure drops to 85/55 when they stand up. What is this called?
Orthostatic hypotension
Your patient has just had a central line placed. You note a coarse crackling sensation as you compress the skin around the neck and shoulders. What is this called?
Crepitus
Ms. Kardashian is a 72 year old female with COPD. She has smoked 1.5 packs of cigarettes’ for 40 years. How many pack years should you document in the chart?
60 pack years
Which are examples of non-productive verbal messages?
I. Interrupting
II. Making eye contact
III. Professional jargon
IV. Leading or biased questions
Interrupting
Professional Jargon
Leading or biased questions
While checking on a patient you note that their respiratory rate is 8 breaths/min, and their respirations are shallow. On their ABG, the PaCO2 has increased. This is known as?
Hypoventilation
Examples of good nonverbal skills include which of the following?
I. Sitting behind a desk
II. Maintaining an open position
III. Sitting far away from the patient
IV. Making eye contact
Maintaining an open position
Making eye contact
The volume of blood ejected from the ventricles during each heart beat is known as?
Stroke volume
A healthcare provider is interviewing a patient. The healthcare provider asks the patient, “On a scale of 1 to 10, how would you rate your pain?” What type of question is this?
Direct question
A collaborative process that assesses, plans, implements, coordinates, monitors, and evaluates the options and services required to meet an individuals healthcare needs is known as?
Case management
When auscultating a patients chest, you have the patient say the letter “E.” You note that it sounds like the letter “A.” What would you document?
Egophony
What can cause tracheal deviation? (You may choose more than one)
Small pleural effusion
COPD
Atelectasis
Pneumothorax
Atelectasis
Pneumothorax
You are evaluating a patient with a closed head injury in the emergency department. you note that the patient is breathing fast, deep, and the patient is having abrupt pauses. Which breathing pattern would you document?
Biot’s respirations
A decrease in tactile and vocal fremitus is an abnormal finding. Which can cause this finding?
I. COPD
II. Pleural effusion
III. Pulmonary fibrosis
IV. Pneumothorax
COPD
Pleural Effusion
Pneumothorax
What are the most common chronic conditions among Medicare beneficiaries?
I. High blood pressure
II. Cancer
III. Diabetes
IV. Low cholesterol
I. High blood pressure
II. Cancer
III. Diabetes
Your patients PaO2 on their ABG is 50 mm Hg. How would you classify this?
Moderate hypoxemia
Your patients blood pressure is 150/100 mm Hg. Your patient is suffering from?
Hypertension
This method of healthcare cost containment involves trying to control individual components. For example: A patient may have access to the emergency department but not have access to disease education.
Component management
When you have knowledge of a patients history and ancestry as it applies to the patients beliefs, artistic expressions, diet, celebrations, and rituals, you have?
Cultural awareness
Mr. Smith is an asthma patient you are assessing for treatment. You ask Mr. Smith “Which medications he takes for his asthma?” What type of question is this?
Open-ended question
Your patient is breathing 8 breaths/min, and the rhythm is regular. Which best describes this breathing pattern?
Bradypnea
While performing a physical examination on a patient, you note bulbous swelling of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes. What should you document?
Digital clubbing
What is the normal range for respiratory rate in adults?
12 to 20 breaths/min
