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Theory & Practice I > Final Exam Study Guide > Flashcards

Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

How do you measure the seat depth and width for a wheelchair?

A
  • seat depth you measure from posterior buttocks to the popliteal fossa and minus 2 inches
  • seat width you measure the widest part of the buttocks, hips, or thighs and add 2 inches
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2
Q

What are the standard WC measurements?

A
  • seat height: 19.5 - 20.5 inches
  • back height: 16 -16.5 inches
  • seat depth: 16 inches
  • seat width: 18 inches
  • armrest height: 9 inches
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3
Q

Result of a high seat

A
  • difficulty getting legs under a table
  • insufficient trunk support
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4
Q

Result of a low seat

A
  • impaired transfers
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5
Q

Result of high footplates

A
  • increased pressure on the ischial tuberosities
  • difficulty getting legs under a table
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6
Q

Result of low footplates

A
  • pressure on distal thighs
  • unsafe WC mobility
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7
Q

Result of long seat depth

A
  • pressure on popliteal area
  • decreased circulation
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8
Q

Result of short seat depth

A
  • decreased trunk stability and sitting balance
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9
Q

Result of wide width

A
  • difficulty with propulsion
  • difficulty with narrow doors and entryways
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10
Q

Result of narrow width

A
  • difficulty with changing positions
  • pressure on lateral hip
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11
Q

Result of high back height

A
  • difficulty with propulsion
  • skin irritation
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12
Q

Result of low back height

A
  • decreased trunk stability
  • increased postural deviations
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13
Q

What is the procedure to measure a patient for a wheelchair

A
  • lay the patient supine and measurements in a 90-90-90 degree position
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14
Q

Describe a standard wheelchair

A
  • <200 lbs
  • limited use on rough surfaces
  • not designed for vigorous activities
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15
Q

Describe a heavy duty wheelchair

A
  • > 200 lbs
  • can be used for vigorous activites
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16
Q

Describe a ultralight wheelchair

A
  • 300 lbs
  • light weight
  • more efficient propulsion
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17
Q

Describe a posterior axle position

A
  • moves COG anterior to axle making it more stable
  • more difficult to push
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18
Q

Describe an anterior axle position

A
  • moves COG over the axle and unweights the front of the chair
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19
Q

Define constant attendance

A
  • 1:1 application
  • billed in 15 minute increments
  • you are always there and giving cues or changing parameters
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20
Q

Define supervised modality

A
  • billed only 1x per treatment
  • setting up a modality and leaving it to run
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21
Q

What is the AMPAC

A
  • activity measure for post acute care
  • basic mobility domain: bed mobility, sit to stand/stand to sit, supine to sit, seated transfer, ambulation, and ascending stairs
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22
Q

What is the care tool

A
  • measures independence level with ADL’s
  • 6 is independent, 5 setup or cleanup assistance, 4 supervision or touching assistance, 3 partial/moderate assistance, 2 substantial/maximal assistance, 1 dependent
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23
Q

ABCDEF parts of a goal

A
  • A: audience
  • B: behavior
  • C: condition
  • D: degree
  • E: expected duration
  • F: functional
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24
Q

What are the stages of the temporal sequence

A
  • initial condition: posture, ability to interact with environment, and environmental context
  • preparation: stimulus identification, response selection, and response programing
  • initiation: timing, direction, and smoothness
  • execution: amplitude, direction, speed, and smoothness
  • termination: timing, stability, accuracy
  • outcome: outcome achieved
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25
Q

Define NWB (non-weight bearing status)

A
  • foot does not touch ground
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26
Q

Define TTWB (toe touch weight bearing status)

A
  • foot contacts ground for balance only or up to 20% of body weight
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27
Q

Define PWB (partial weight bearing status)

A
  • 20%-50% of body weight
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28
Q

Define WBAT (weight bearing as tolerated status)

A
  • limited only by patient tolerance >50%
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29
Q

Define FWB (full weight bearing status)

A
  • no restriction 100%
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30
Q

Define independent

A
  • no assistance or supervision needed
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31
Q

Define mod independent

A
  • requires an assistive device
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32
Q

Define supervision/stand by assistance/close guarding

A
  • multimodal cues but not touching
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33
Q

Define contact guard assist

A
  • touching assist for safety
34
Q

Define minimum assistance

A
  • patient does 75% or more
  • PT does 25% or less
35
Q

Define moderate assistance

A
  • patient does 50%-74%
  • PT does 26%-50%
36
Q

Define maximum assistance

A
  • patient does 25%-49%
  • PT does 51%-75%
37
Q

Define dependent

A
  • patient requires total physical assistance from one or more persons to accomplish the task safely
38
Q

How often do you reposition a patient if in a hospital bed

A
  • every 2 hours
39
Q

How often do you reposition a patient if seated in a wheelchair

A
  • every 15-30 minutes
40
Q

What are the common areas for pressure wounds

A
  • sacrum
  • ischial tuberosity
  • greater trochanter
  • heels
  • lateral malleolus
  • elbow
  • occiput
41
Q

Define mobility

A
  • having the available ROM and strength to perform a task
42
Q

Define stability or static postural control

A
  • the ability to maintain a static steady position in weight bearing
43
Q

Define controlled mobility or dynamic postural control

A
  • the ability to maintain a dynamic posture in weight bearing
44
Q

Describe a 4 point gait pattern

A
  • 2 devices required
  • 1st assistive device, opposite leg, 2nd assistive device, and other leg
45
Q

Describe a 3 point gait pattern

A
  • requires 2 devices or rolling walker
  • effected leg and both devices then unaffected leg
46
Q

Describe a 2 point gait pattern

A
  • requires 1 device
  • device and effected leg move together then unaffected leg
47
Q

What are the 5 general contraindications for application of all biophysical agents

A
  • pregnancy over the fetus
  • malignancy over tumor
  • pacemaker over directly
  • impaired sensation
  • impaired mentation/cognition
48
Q

Non thermal effects of ultrasound

A
  • tissue healing
  • bone healing
  • no heat
49
Q

Contraindications for ultrasound

A
  • pregnancy
  • malignant tumor
  • CNS tissue
  • joint cement
  • plastic components
  • pacemaker
  • thrombophlebitis
  • eyes
  • reproductive organs
  • impaired cognition
  • impaired mentation
50
Q

Ultrasound parameters for thermal

A
  • 100% duty cycle
  • 3 MHz for superficial muscle starting at 0.5 intensity
  • 1 MHz for deep muscle starting at 1.5 intensity
  • 5-10 minutes
51
Q

Ultrasound parameters for non-thermal

A
  • 20% duty cycle
  • 3MHz for superficial muscle and 1MHz for deep muscle
  • start at 0.5 intensity
  • 5-10 minutes
52
Q

Define phonophoresis

A
  • uses sound energy to drive medications into a patient’s skin
  • transports whole molecules
53
Q

Define iontophoresis

A
  • uses electrical current to drive medications into a patient’s skin
  • transports ions
54
Q

Iontophoresis parameters

A
  • direct current
  • 0-4 mA per minute amplitude
  • min dosage = 40 mA-min and max dosage = 80 mA-min
55
Q

E-stim parameters with the goal of tissue healing

A
  • HVPC current
  • negative polarity for inflammatory phase/infection and positive polarity for proliferation/clean
  • 60-125 pulse frequency
  • 40-100 pulse duration
  • amplitude is a comfortable tingle
  • 45-60 minutes continuous for 3-7 days per week
56
Q

E-stim for edema control from inflammation

A
  • HVPC current
  • negative polarity
  • 100-120 pulse frequency
  • 40-100 pulse duration
  • amplitude is a comfortable tingle
  • 20-30 minutes
57
Q

E-stim for edema control due to lack of motion

A
  • biphasic or Russian current
  • 35-50 pulse frequency
  • 2-5 sec equal on:off times
  • 150-350 pulse duration
  • amplitude is a visible contraction
  • 20-30 minutes
58
Q

E-stim parameters for cenventional TENS/high rate

A
  • acute pain
  • 100-150 pulse frequency
  • 50-80 pulse duration
  • amplitude is to produce tingling
  • no set time
  • uses gate control mechanism
59
Q

E-stim parameters for low rate/acupucture like

A
  • chronic pain
  • 2-10 pulse frequency
  • 200-300 pulse duration
  • amplitude is a visible contraction
  • 20-30 minutes
  • uses endorphin release mechanism
60
Q

E-stim parameters for muscle strengthening

A
  • 35-80 pulse frequency
  • 125-300 pulse duration 125-200 for small muscle
  • amplitude is >10% of injured and >50% of non-injured
  • 6-10 sec on and 50-120 sec off 1:5 ratio
  • 2 sec ramp time
  • 10-20 minutes to produce 10-20 reps
  • every 2-3 hours when awake
61
Q

E-stim parameters for muscle reeducation

A
  • 35-50 pulse frequency
  • 125-300 pulse duration 125-200 for small muscle
  • 2 sec ramp time
62
Q

E-stim for muscle spasm reduction

A
  • 35-50 pulse frequency
  • 125-300 pulse duration 125-200 for small muscle
  • amplitude is a visible contraction
  • 2-5 sec equal on:off times
  • 1 sec ramp
  • 10-30 minutes
  • every 2-3 hours until relief
63
Q

E-stim for edema reduction

A
  • 35-50 pulse frequency
  • 125-300 pulse duration 25-200 for small muscle
  • amplitude is a visible contraction
  • 2-5 sec equal on:off times
  • 1 sec ramp
  • 30 minutes
  • 2 times a day
64
Q

In what order are the different nerve types stimulated on the strength (amplitude) duration (pulse duration) curve from the lowest duration to highest duration

A
  • A beta sensory
  • Motor
  • A delta sharp pain
  • C dull pain
  • denervated muscle
65
Q

How does electrode pad placement affect electrical current depth?

A
  • the farther apart the pads are the deep the current will reach
66
Q

What are the stages of cryotherapy

A
  • intense cold
  • burning
  • aching
  • analgesia
  • numbness
67
Q

What are the contraindications for E-stim

A
  • pregnancy
  • over the carotid sinus
  • over pacemaker or unstable arrhythmias
  • thrombophlebitis
  • allergy
68
Q

What are the contraindications for hot pack

A
  • recent or potential hemorrhage
  • thrombophlebitis
  • impaired sensation
  • impaired mentation
  • malignant tumor
  • over the eyes
69
Q

What are the contraindications for cryotherapy

A
  • allergy
  • Raynaud’s disease
  • hypersensitive/cold intolerance
  • paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
70
Q

What re the contraindications for massage therapy

A
  • edema
  • hematoma
  • impaired mental state
  • cardiac decompensation
  • nonunion fracture
  • DVT
  • immediate post op
  • laceration
  • skin lesions or wounds
  • fever/infection
71
Q

What are the contraindications for traction

A
  • hyper mobility
  • joint effusion
  • inflammation
  • when motion is contraindicated
  • uncontrolled hypertension
72
Q

Describe effleurage massage

A
  • for the purpose of relaxation
73
Q

Describe petrissage massage

A
  • kneading, rolling, and squeezing of soft tissue
74
Q

Traction parameters for initial/acute phase

A
  • 7-9 lbs
  • static hold
  • 5-10 minutes
75
Q

Traction parameters for joint distraction

A
  • 20-29 lbs/7% of total body weight
  • 15 sec hold and 15 sec relax
  • 20-30 minutes
76
Q

What is a blood bourne pathogen

A
  • a disease transmitted through direct contact with blood
77
Q

PPE for contact transmission

A
  • hand hygiene
  • gloves
  • gown
78
Q

PPE for droplet transmission

A
  • hand hygiene
  • face mask
  • gloves
  • gown
79
Q

PPE for airborne transmission

A
  • hand hygiene
  • respirator
  • gloves
80
Q

Order of donning PPE

A
  • hand hygiene
  • don gown
  • don mask
  • don goggles
  • don gloves
81
Q

Order of doffing PPE

A
  • gloves
  • goggles
  • gown
  • mask
  • hand hygiene

Theory & Practice I (16 decks)

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