Final exam study

Question 1

What is directional selection?

Answer 1

one extreme in the population is the favored variant

Question 2

what is stabilizing selection?

Answer 2

removes the extremes and preserves intermediate types

Question 3

what is disruptive selection?

Answer 3

Both the extremes are favored for while the intermediate is favored against

Question 4

What is the difference between convergent evolution and homology?

Answer 4

When there is a homology it is because the organisms shared an ancestor while in convergent evolution the organisms evolved in similar environments without a shared ancestor

Question 5

What is speciation

Answer 5

evolutionary process in which a species splits into 2 or more new species

Question 6

What is Allopatric speciation?

Answer 6

new species are formed from geographic isolation

Question 7

what is sympatric speciation?

Answer 7

new species are formed without geographic separation

Question 8

what are some examples of how sympatric speciation can occur (3)

Answer 8

polyploidy, sexual selection, habitat differentiation

Question 9

What is the order and classification of animal phylogenies

Answer 9

Domain, kingdom, phyla, class, order, genus species

Question 10

what is a monophyletic group?

Answer 10

an ancestral species and all of its descendants

Question 11

what is a paraphyletic group?

Answer 11

an ancestral species and some of its descendants

Question 12

what is a polyphyletic group?

Answer 12

includes distantly related species but does not include there most common ancestor

Question 13

what is the function of vasular plant tissue

Answer 13

acts as the plumbing system, transorts water and nutrietns throughout the plant

Question 14

What is the difference between proto and deutero (in clevage type)

Answer 14

proto: spiral/determinate
deutero: radial/inderterminate

Question 15

What is the difference between proto and deutero (coelom formation)

Answer 15

Proto: coelom forms from splits in the mesoderm
deutero: coelom forms from mesodermal outpocketing of the archenteron

Question 16

What is the difference between proto and deutero (fate of the blastophore)

Answer 16

proto: mouth develops first
deutero: Anus develops first

Question 17

what are the 4 main synapormorphies in chordates

Answer 17

1- notochord ( skeletal support)
2- dorsal hollow nerve cord (CNS)
3- Pharyngeal slits/clefts (allow water to exit body easier)
4- Muscular post anal tail (helps propel)

Question 18

what are 2 traits helped plants develop on land

Answer 18

sporopollenin and vascular tissue

Question 19

what is an example of phenotypic plasticity

Answer 19

diet of caterpillars changes their morphology

Question 20

order from most inclusive to least inclusive
microevolution
sexual selection
evolution
natural selection 
intra sexual selection

Answer 20

evolution
microevolution
natural selection
sexual selection
intra sexual selection

Question 21

how do you find allopolyploidy?

Answer 21

add the diploid # of (a) to the diploid # of (b)

Question 22

what 3 events lead to allopatric speciation

Answer 22

Genetic isolation
divergence
genetic drift

Question 23

what are 2 types of genetic drift

Answer 23

bottleneck effect

founder effect

Question 24

what is the bottleneck effect

Answer 24

an unpredictable event occurs taking a large portion of the pop away, leaving a pop that wasn’t representative of the orginal

Question 25

what is the founder effect

Answer 25

small group of individuals become isolated somewhere else and start to diverge

Question 26

what is the cambrian explosion an example of

Answer 26

adaptive radiation

Question 27

what is the origin of life sequence (4 steps)

Answer 27

synthesis of monomers synthesis of polymers formation of protocells formation of DNA based gentic system

Question 28

plastids surrounded by more than 2 membranes are evidence of?

Answer 28

secondary endosymbiosis

Question 29

what is the order of tissue inside a tree

Answer 29

xylem--> Vascular cmbrium---> phloem

Question 30

what is xylem

Answer 30

transports water from leaves (one way)

Question 31

what is phloem

Answer 31

transports sugar (twoway)

Question 32

what is the vascular cambrium

Answer 32

main growth layer

Question 33

bark consists of what (2 layer)

Answer 33

phloem and cork

Question 34

what contributes the most to tree growth

Answer 34

xylem , becasue it grows due to water (tree rings)

Question 35

gymnosperms differ from ferns becasue

Answer 35

gymnosperms have pollen

Question 36

what are the primary contributers to plant mass

Answer 36

water and air

Question 37

what part of the flower develops into fruit

Answer 37

the ovary

Question 38

True of false protists can be eukaryotes or prokaryotes

Answer 38

true

Question 39

plant growth is describes as

Answer 39

indeterminate

Question 40

arrange from smallest to largest Gametphyte gamete antheridia

Answer 40

1 gamete 2 Antheridia 3 gametophyte

Question 41

``` order from earliest to most recent chordates tetrapods vertebrates deuterstomes biaterians amniotes ```

Answer 41

``` 1 bilaterians 2 dueterostomes 3 chordates 4 vertebrates 5 tetreapods 6 aminotes ```

Question 42

both mootremes and marsupials...

Answer 42

have some embryonic development outside of the uterus

Question 43

is Tiktaalik a predator, t or f?

Answer 43

true

Question 44

porifera lack what

Answer 44

lack true tissue

Question 45

cnidaria use what defence mech

Answer 45

stinging structures

Question 46

PLatyhelminthes have no..

Answer 46

digestive tract

Question 47

mollusca move around with what

Answer 47

a muscular foot

Question 48

annelida have what type of body plan

Answer 48

(worm) segemented body plan

Question 49

nematoda don't have

Answer 49

a circulatory system

Question 50

anthropoda have a

Answer 50

exoskeleton

Question 51

lancelets are an examlpe of

Answer 51

chordates

Question 52

what develpoed inbetween the tunicates(urochrodata) and hagfish (Myxini)

Answer 52

a head

Question 53

what are agnathans

Answer 53

jawless fish composed of 1 myxini 2 lampreys

Question 54

what feature developed in lampreys

Answer 54

vertebral colum

Question 55

what feature developed with condricthes

Answer 55

jaw and paired appendages

Question 56

what are gnathostomatomes

Answer 56

have jaws

Question 57

Actinopterygii are what type of fish

Answer 57

ray finned fish

Question 58

Sarcopterygii are what type of fish

Answer 58

lobe finned fish

Question 59

Amphibia are the first examples of what

Answer 59

tetrapods

Question 60

Amniotic membrane developed in what phyla

Answer 60

mammalia

Question 61

epidermal scales are of what phyla

Answer 61

reptila