Final exam study Flashcards
What is directional selection?
one extreme in the population is the favored variant
what is stabilizing selection?
removes the extremes and preserves intermediate types
what is disruptive selection?
Both the extremes are favored for while the intermediate is favored against
What is the difference between convergent evolution and homology?
When there is a homology it is because the organisms shared an ancestor while in convergent evolution the organisms evolved in similar environments without a shared ancestor
What is speciation
evolutionary process in which a species splits into 2 or more new species
What is Allopatric speciation?
new species are formed from geographic isolation
what is sympatric speciation?
new species are formed without geographic separation
what are some examples of how sympatric speciation can occur (3)
polyploidy, sexual selection, habitat differentiation
What is the order and classification of animal phylogenies
Domain, kingdom, phyla, class, order, genus species
what is a monophyletic group?
an ancestral species and all of its descendants
what is a paraphyletic group?
an ancestral species and some of its descendants
what is a polyphyletic group?
includes distantly related species but does not include there most common ancestor
what is the function of vasular plant tissue
acts as the plumbing system, transorts water and nutrietns throughout the plant
What is the difference between proto and deutero (in clevage type)
proto: spiral/determinate
deutero: radial/inderterminate
What is the difference between proto and deutero (coelom formation)
Proto: coelom forms from splits in the mesoderm
deutero: coelom forms from mesodermal outpocketing of the archenteron
What is the difference between proto and deutero (fate of the blastophore)
proto: mouth develops first
deutero: Anus develops first
what are the 4 main synapormorphies in chordates
1- notochord ( skeletal support)
2- dorsal hollow nerve cord (CNS)
3- Pharyngeal slits/clefts (allow water to exit body easier)
4- Muscular post anal tail (helps propel)
what are 2 traits helped plants develop on land
sporopollenin and vascular tissue
what is an example of phenotypic plasticity
diet of caterpillars changes their morphology
order from most inclusive to least inclusive microevolution sexual selection evolution natural selection intra sexual selection
evolution microevolution natural selection sexual selection intra sexual selection
how do you find allopolyploidy?
add the diploid # of (a) to the diploid # of (b)
what 3 events lead to allopatric speciation
Genetic isolation
divergence
genetic drift
what are 2 types of genetic drift
bottleneck effect
founder effect
what is the bottleneck effect
an unpredictable event occurs taking a large portion of the pop away, leaving a pop that wasn’t representative of the orginal
what is the founder effect
small group of individuals become isolated somewhere else and start to diverge
what is the cambrian explosion an example of
adaptive radiation
what is the origin of life sequence (4 steps)
synthesis of monomers
synthesis of polymers
formation of protocells
formation of DNA based gentic system
plastids surrounded by more than 2 membranes are evidence of?
secondary endosymbiosis
what is the order of tissue inside a tree
xylem–> Vascular cmbrium—> phloem
what is xylem
transports water from leaves (one way)
what is phloem
transports sugar (twoway)
what is the vascular cambrium
main growth layer
bark consists of what (2 layer)
phloem and cork
what contributes the most to tree growth
xylem , becasue it grows due to water (tree rings)
gymnosperms differ from ferns becasue
gymnosperms have pollen
what are the primary contributers to plant mass
water and air
what part of the flower develops into fruit
the ovary
True of false protists can be eukaryotes or prokaryotes
true
plant growth is describes as
indeterminate
arrange from smallest to largest
Gametphyte
gamete
antheridia
1 gamete
2 Antheridia
3 gametophyte
order from earliest to most recent chordates tetrapods vertebrates deuterstomes biaterians amniotes
1 bilaterians 2 dueterostomes 3 chordates 4 vertebrates 5 tetreapods 6 aminotes
both mootremes and marsupials…
have some embryonic development outside of the uterus
is Tiktaalik a predator, t or f?
true
porifera lack what
lack true tissue
cnidaria use what defence mech
stinging structures
PLatyhelminthes have no..
digestive tract
mollusca move around with what
a muscular foot
annelida have what type of body plan
(worm) segemented body plan
nematoda don’t have
a circulatory system
anthropoda have a
exoskeleton
lancelets are an examlpe of
chordates
what develpoed inbetween the tunicates(urochrodata) and hagfish (Myxini)
a head
what are agnathans
jawless fish
composed of
1 myxini
2 lampreys
what feature developed in lampreys
vertebral colum
what feature developed with condricthes
jaw and paired appendages
what are gnathostomatomes
have jaws
Actinopterygii are what type of fish
ray finned fish
Sarcopterygii are what type of fish
lobe finned fish
Amphibia are the first examples of what
tetrapods
Amniotic membrane developed in what phyla
mammalia
epidermal scales are of what phyla
reptila
